Ectoedemia chasanella Puplesis, 1984

Yagi, Sadahisa, Hirano, Nagao & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2019, Taxonomic notes on the Ectoedemia suberis and angulifasciella species groups in Japan (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), Zootaxa 4706 (2), pp. 201-230 : 207-208

1. Ectoedemia chasanella Puplesis, 1984

( Figs. 1–8 , 13–18 , 24–34 , 58 )

Ectoedemia chasanella Puplesis, 1984: 124 .

Type locality: Primorskiy Kray, 15 km SW Slavyanka, Ryazanovka ( Russia) .

Material examined. JAPAN. Hokkaido: 1 ♂, Tomikawa, Monbetsu , 28.vii.2002 , H. Kogi, genitalia slide no. 6267; 1 ♂, Shiratukari, Ishikari , 18.viii.2011 ; 1 ♂, 17.vii.2013, H. Kogi; 1 ♀, Sibi, Ishikari , 23.vii.2009 , genitalia slide no. SY354; 3 ♂, 4 ♀, 3.iv.2010, Host (No. 09-127): “Kashiwa” [= Q. dentata ], genitalia slide no. 7493(♂); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 15.iv.2010, Host (No. 09-127F): “Kashiwa” [= Q. dentata ], genitalia slide no. 7492(♂), 7494(♂); 1 ♀, 19.vii.2013; 1 ♂, 15.iii.2014, Host (No. 13-122): “Kashiwa” [= Q. dentata ], genitalia slide no. 472; 1 ♂, 1.v.2014, Host (No. 13- 122B): “Kashiwa” [= Q. dentata ], genitalia slide no. SY350, DNA extraction no. SaY50; 1 ♂, 6.v.2014, Host (No. 13-157): “Kashiwa” [= Q. dentata ]; 1 ♀, 4.vi.2014, Host (No. 13-122): “Kashiwa” [= Q. dentata ]; 1 ♀, 11.vii.2014, H. Kogi; 1 ♀, Oyafuru, Ishikari , 21.vii.2004 , H. Kogi; 1 ♂, Sinkoh, Ishikari , 18.viii.2002 , H. Kogi, genitalia slide no. 6269; 1 ♀, Kitaurimaku, Sikaoi , 23.vii.2012 , H. Kogi; 1 ♂, Shikaribetu, Sikaoi , 13.vii.2014 , H. Kogi; 1 ♀, Asari, Otaru , 15.vii.2014 , H. Kogi; 1 ♂, Sizukawa, Tomakomai , 9.vii.2012 , H. Kogi. Honshu: [Nagano Pref.] 1 ♂, Ikezawa, Ikusaka-mura , 29.vii.1995 , N. Hirano; 1 ♀, Higashikawate, Akashina-machi , 12.viii.1969 , N. Hirano; 1 ♀, Komuro, Azusagawa-mura , 25.vi.1994 , N. Hirano; 1 ♀, Kamanosawa, Azusagawa-mura , 30.vii.1978 ; 1 ♀, 22.vii.1979; 1 ♀, 2.viii.1980; 1 ♂, 10.vii.1982, N. Hirano; 1 ♀, Ohkuchizawa, Toyoshina-machi , 7.viii.1980 ; 1♂, 25.vii.1981; 1 ♀, 12.viii.1982; 2 ♀, 2.vii.1994; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 8.vii.1994; 2 ♂, 10 ♀, 15.vii.1994; 1 ♂, 7 ♀, 25.vii.1995; 1 ♀, 5.viii.1995; 1 ♀, 26.viii.1995; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 12.vii.1996, genitalia slide no. ♂ NH-1081, N. Hirano ; 1 ♀, Tazawa, Toyoshina, Azumino-shi , 16.ix.2017 larva on Quercus crispula (No. M1407) , 17.v.2018 em., Sadahisa Yagi, genitalia slide no. 471; 2 ♀, Shimashimadani, Azumi-mura , 26.vii.1995 ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2.viii.1995; 1 ♀, 19.viii.1995; 1 ♀, 26.viii.1995, genitalia slide no. NH-1082; 4 ♀, 19.vii.1996; 2 ♀, 20.vii.1997; 1 ♂, 4.vii.1998; 1 ♀, 29.vii.1998, N. Hirano; 1 ♀, Tomikusa, Anan-cho , 24–25.vii.2004 ; 1 ♀, 21.viii.2004, N. Hirano; 3 ♀, Kojiro, Tenryu-mura , 19–20.vii.2008 ; 1 ♀, 19.vi.2009, N. Hirano; [Osaka Pref.] 1 ♀, Ikoma , Osaka, 30.vi.1995 , S. Koshino ( OPU) ; 1 ♀, Osaka, Yao-shi, Kodachi, Jyusan Toge , Fumin no mori, 25.vi.2011 , H. Shimizu, genitalia slide no. SY493; 1 ♂, Kyosi , Osaka, 8.vi.1997 , S. Koshino ( OPU). Tsushima Is.: [Nagasaki Pref.] 1ex., Mt. Asaji, Kofunakoshi, Mitsushima Tsushima-shi , 13.x.2018 , larva on Quercus serrata, S. Yagi. Kyushu : [Fukuoka Pref.] 1 ♀, Mt. Hiko, Soeda, Tagawa , 13.viii.2016 , LT, S. Yagi, N: 33.4755, E: 130.8957, 450 m, genitalia slide no. SY330, DNA extraction No. SaY35; [Oita Pref.] 1 ♂, Jizobaru, Machida, Kokonoe , Kusu-gun , 2.x.2017 larva on Quercus acutissima (No. M1662) , ex. pupa 14.vii.2018, genitalia slide no. SY476, DNA extraction No. SaY85; 1 ♂, larva on Quercus acutissima (No. M1662) , ex. pupa 23.vii.2018; 1 ♂, larva on Quercus crispula (No. M1661) , ex. pupa 14.vii.2018, S. Yagi.

Diagnosis. Ectoedemia chasanella is similar to E. aegilopidella (Klimesch, 1978) ; the two share special scales on the underside of forewing in the male and similar female genitalia. However, E. chasanella can be identified by the flatten pseuduncus (ventral globular in E. aegilopidella ), the central element of gnathos (broad in E. aegilopidella ), and the pectinations in spiculate pouch (very few small spines, without pectinations in E. aegilopidella ). This species is also similar to E. caradjai , but can be identified by the absence of a hair-pencil (white in E. caradjai ) and the presence of distinct yellow special scales under costal fold on the underside of the forewing (absent in E. caradjai ) in the male, and the smaller number of antennal segments (43–51 segments in the male of E. caradjai and 30–32 segments in the female of E. caradjai ( van Nieukerken et al. 2010)) . This species also can be distinguished by the distinct anterior emargination and broad central element of gnathos in the male genitalia and spiculate pouch with a slightly sclerotized area anteriorly in the female genitalia.

Male ( Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 ). Forewing length 1.8–2.8 mm (n = 10), wingspan 4.4–5.9 mm (n=10), antennae with 39–40 segments (n = 5). Head with frontal tuft yellowish orange; collar yellow cream; scape and pedicel cream; fla- gellum light grayish yellow. Thorax and tegula yellow cream posteriorly with fuscous scales. Forewing with basal half fuscous; medial fascia cream, posteriorly wide; distal to fascia with fuscous coarse scales, ochreous ground coloration appearing near the edge, scales of these areas long and basally transparent; cilia line interrupted; fringe cream, posteriorly brownish gray; underside light grayish brown; basal half with yellow cream scales, at costal margin with long hair-like scales ( Figs. 5, 7 left wing), under hair-like scales with large, cream and oval lamellar androconial scales ( Figs. 5, 8 right wing) covered with transparent large scales ( Fig. 8a ). Hindwing brownish gray, basal half covered with yellow cream scales; costal margin basally weakly expanded; frenulum yellowish orange; hair-pencil and androconial scales absent; fringe brownish gray; underside basally ochreous, other parts brownish gray. Legs and abdomen dark brownish gray, abdomen dark brownish gray, posteroventrally cream; anal tuft dark cream.

Female ( Figs. 3, 6 ). Forewing length 2.2–2.6 mm (n = 10), wingspan 5.0–6.0 mm (n =10), antennae with 24–27 segments (n = 5). Essentially as in male. Underside of forewing basally without long hair-like scales and androco- nial scales. Hindwing basally slender with costal bristles; frenulum absent. Fascia of forewing tending to be wider than that of male.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 13–18 ). Capsule length ca. 290 μm (n = 6). Valva ca. 180 μm (n = 6). Phallus 330–370 μm (n = 6). Pseuduncus developed; tip roundish. Lateral arm of gnathos basally thick and tapering toward the tip; central element tapering but not sharp. Valva strongly curved inwardly; distal process tapering and pointed; inner margin basally projected and concaved at middle; outer margin roundish. Transverse bar of transtilla moderately; lateral arm thick; sublateral process moderate in length. Vinculum with anterior emargination; lateral lobe devel- oped and apically sharp. Phallus cylindrical; median carinae thick and short tip roundish; vesica with many minute spinelike cornuti.

Female genitalia ( Figs. 24–28 ). Corpus bursae 530–580 μm (n = 4). Signa 320–380 μm (n = 4). T8 with two lateral patches of ca. 27 setae on each side. T8 posteriorly slightly concave. Anal papillae with 7–11 setae on each side. Anterior apophyses short, posterior apophyses slender, longer than anterior apophyses. Vaginal sclerite oval; anteriorly broadly projected anteriorly; posteriorly thickened. Spiculate pouch with a group of pectinations; basally weakly sclerotized. Corpus bursae with many minute pectinations and a pair of large, oval, reticular signa. Wide ductus spermathecae with ca. 3 convolution; vesicle large.

Distribution ( Fig. 58 ). Japan (new record): Hokkaido, Honshu, Tsushima Is., Kyushu; Russia: Far East.

Host plants. Quercus dentata Thunb. , Q. crispula Blume , Q. serrata Murray and Q. acutissima Carruth.

Puplesis (1994) predicted the host plants of E. chasanella to be Q. dentata and Q. mongolica and our result confirmed this prediction. Quercus dentata , Q. crispula (the latter sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Q. mongolica ( Okaura et al. 2007)) , and Q. serrata belong to the section Quercus , whereas Q. acutissima belongs to the section Cerris ( Satake et al. 1989). According to this wide host range over the section, E. chasanella seems to be able to utilize other Quercus species. In Japan other deciduous oaks also occur: Q. variabilis Blume and Q. aliena Blume. However , E. chasanella may not occur in these forests, because these plants grow mainly in the warm temperate zone, whereas E. chasanella was collected in the cool temperate zone in Japan.

Biology ( Figs. 29–36 ). Eggs are deposited on the upper side of the leaf, apparently in a random manner. The early mine is a linear gallery filled with dense frass. The later mine becomes suddenly a blotch, with dense frass, but not filling the entire blotch. The cocoon is light brown. Larvae are green, collected in October. The adults emerged from May to July of the following year, which indicates univoltinism.

Remarks. Two reared males from Hokkaido ( Fig. 1 ) have basal wing markings that differ from those of other specimens ( Fig. 2 ). This unique intraspecific difference may be an aberration or a desquamation of surface black scales. Otherwise, morphological characters such as male genitalia ( Fig. 16 ) showed no difference, and the molecular data showed these specimens to be conspecific; i.e., 1/321 bp (0.31%) different from Japanese (Kyushu) specimens and 3/321 bp (0.94%) different from Russian specimens. Paler basal wing marking owing to desquamation of scales is also observed in Ectoedemia olvina Puplesis, 1984 .

Figures

FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Ectoedemia chasanella. 1. Male collected in Ishikari-shi, Hokkaido (Genitalia slide No. SY350). 2. Male collected in Oita Pref., Kyushu (Genitalia No. SY476). 3. Female, collected in Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu (genitalia no. SY330). 4. Hindwing of male (frenulum removed). 5. Underside of male. 6. Underside of female. 7. Underside of male left forewing, basal part of costal margin with long hair scales. 8. Yellow special scales (ss) on underside of male right forewing at the base (long hair-like scales are removed) and a transparent large scale (ts) is shifted. Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

FIGURES 13–18. Male genitalia of Ectoedemia chasanella. 13, 14. Genital capsule with phallus removed (Genitalia slide No. SY419). 15. Phallus (Genitalia slide No. SY419). 16. Genital capsule with phallus removed (Genitalia slide No. SY350). 17. Pseuduncus (Genitalia slide No. SY476). 18. Cornuti (Genitalia slide No. SY419). Scale bars: 100 μm (13–16), 100 μm (17, 18).

FIGURES 24–28. Female genitalia of Ectoedemia chasanella. 24. Whole genitalia (Genitalia slide No. SY471). 25. T8+T9 (Genitalia slide No. SY330). 26. Vaginal sclerite with spiculate pouch. 27. Pectinations on corpus bursae (Genitalia slide No. SY471). 28. Spiculate pouch with a group of pectinations (Genitalia slide No. SY330). Scale bars: 200 μm (24), 100 μm (25, 26), 50 μm (27, 28).

FIGURES 29–36. Biology and habitat of Ectoedemia chasanella. 29. Egg scale on the upper side of the leaf of Quercus crispula. 30. Mine on Q. crispula. 31. Larva in the leaf of Q. crispula. 32. Larva in the leaf of Q. acutissima.33. cocoon with exuviae. 34. Freshly emerged adult, male. 35. Habitat at Ishikari-shi, with Q. dentata trees. 36. Habitat at Oita Pref., Q. acutissima and Q. crispula are present.

FIGURES 58–63. Japanese distribution maps of Japanese species of the Ectoedmeia suberis and angulifasciella groups. 58. E. chasanella. 59. E. ortiva. 60. E. pilosae. 61. E. picturata. 62. E. occultellla. 63. E. jacutica.