Chrysodema (Chrysodema) tonkinea Kerremans, 1909

Frank, David & Sekerka, Lukáš, 2020, Studies on the genus Chrysodema (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae) part I., Zootaxa 4720 (1), pp. 1-62 : 19-23

Chrysodema (Chrysodema) tonkinea Kerremans, 1909 stat. rev.

( Figs 19–23 , 76, 92–93 )

Chrysodema (Chrysodema) tonkinea Kerremans (1909) : 516 (key), 540 (original description); Obenberger (1926): 134 (catalogue); Baudon (1966): 31 (noted, faunistics); Lander (2003): 67 (as synonym of C. (C.) aurostriata ), 83 (colour Figs. 138–139); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (C.) aurostriata ); Bellamy (2008): 528 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (C.) aurostriata ), 541 (listed as synonym of C. (C.) aurostriata ).

Chrysodema tonkinea: Théry (1927) : 253 (as synonym of C. aurostriata ).

Chrysodema (Cyalithoides) tonkinea: Kubáň (2016) : 460 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (C.) aurostriata ).

Type locality. ‘ Tonkin central: région de Tuyen-Quan’ [= Vietnam, Tuyên Quang Province] fixed by present lectotype designation .

Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♂, ‘ Tonkin. Env / de Tuyen-Quan / Weiss 1901 [w, h] // Chrysodema / tonkinea / Kerrem. Type [w, h] // TYPE [r, p]’ ( MNHN). PARALECTOTYPES (1 ♂, 4 ♀♀): ♂, ‘MUSEUM PARIS / TONKIN CENTR. / Env. de TUYEN-QUAN / A. WEISS 1901 [w, p] // Eté [w, p] // Chrysodema / tonkinea / Kerrem. Type [w, h] // TYPE [r, p]’ ( MNHN); ♀, ‘MUSEUM PARIS / TONKIN / PROV. DE TUYEN-QUAN / HAUTE RIVIERE CLAIRE / A. WEISS 1901 [w, p] // Print. -Eté [w, p] // Chrysodema / tonkinea / Kerrem. Type [w, h] // TYPE [r, p]’ ( MNHN); ♀, ‘MUSEUM PARIS / TONKIN CENTRAL / Région de TUYEN- QUAN / ET DE DONG-CHAU / A. WEISS 1901 [w, p] // avril - juin [w, p] // Chrysodema / tonkinea / Kerrem. Type [w, h] // TYPE [r, p]’ ( MNHN); ♀, ‘ Tonkin / Mus. Paris [w, h] // C. tonkinea / Kerr. Tonkin [w, h] // tonkinea / Kerrem. Type [w, h]’ ( MNHN); ♀, ‘Cochinchine / M: Harmand [w, h] // MUSEUM PARIS / COCHINCHINE / MONT. DE CHAUDOC / HARMAND 1877 [w, p] // Chrysodema / tonkinea / Var. Kerr. / Type [w, h] // differente / voir antennes [w, h] // TYPE [r, p] // 483 / 77 [w, h] // 437 [b, h]’ ( MNHN). All specimens were provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE [or PARALECTOTYPE respectively] [sex] / Chrysodema (Chrysodema) / tonkinea / KERREMANS, 1909 / David Frank des. IX. 2017 [date handwritten]’.

Original specimens of unavailable manuscript names. ‘ Chrysodema aurostriata var. delacouri ’: ♀, ‘ Annam. / Dong Hoi. / January 1927 / Delacour and Lowe Expt. / B.M. 1927–194. [w, p] // Chrysodema / aurostriata Saund. / Var / Delacouri / TYPE Thery [w/r, h/p] // 193215.140 [h on underside of previous label] // Type [r, p, circle]’ ( BMNH); ‘ Chrysodema aurostriata var. coomani ’ (2 ♀♀): ♀, ‘Hoa-Binh / Tonkin / R. P. de Cooman [w, p] // au- rostriata / var Coomani / Thery / Théry det. [w, h/p] // PARA. / TYPE [r, p] / Para- / type [y, p, circle]’ ( BMNH) ; ♀, ‘ Hoa Binh / Tonkin [w, h] // aurostriata / var Coomani / Thery / PARATYPE [w/r, h/p] // Chrysodema / tonkinea / Kerr., 1908-9 / Dét. T. LANDER 19 2001 [w, h/p]’ ( MNHN) .

Additional material examined (7 ♂♂, 47 ♀♀). VIETNAM: Tonkin , 1 ♂ ( MNHN); Tonkin, N. Vietnam, Coll. T. Lander, 3 ♀♀ ( MHNG); North Vietnam, viii.1987, 1 ♂ ( MHNG); Tonkin, Montes Mauson, 2000–3000 ft., April-Mai, H. Fruhstorfer, 1 ♀ ( MFNB); Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer, 2 ♀♀ ( MFNB); Laos [sic!] ,

Than-Moi, Coll. T. Lander, 1 ♀ ( MHNG); Cochinchine, 2 ♀♀ ( MNHN). LÀO CAI PROV.: Chapa, Tonkin, Coll. J. Clermont, 2 ♀♀ ( MNHN); N. Vietnam, Prov. Lao Cai, Sapa, Coll. T. Lander, 1 ♀ ( MHNG). HÀ NỘI: Hanoi, v.1902, (Vauloger), 1 ♂ ( MHNG). HÒA BÌNH PROV.: Tonkin, Région de Hoa Binh, 1 ♀ ( NMPC); Tonkin, Hu Bink, 1 ♀ ( MNHN); Tonkin, Hoa Binh, de Cooman, 1 ♀ ( MNHN); Tonkin occ., Hoa-Binh, R. P. A. de Cooman, 1919 (8 ♀♀ MNHN; 1 ♀ NMPC; 1 ♀ DFPC); Tonkin, Hoa Binh, A. de Cooman leg., viii.[19]40, 1 ♀ ( MHNG); Tonkin, Env. De Hoa-Binh, 1 ♀ ( VKSC); Hoa-Binh, viii. 1979, Coll. T. Lander, 1 ♀ ( MHNG, specimen figured by Lander (2003: Fig. 139)); Hoo-Binh, Tonkin, (1 ♀ ATMR coll. G. Novak; 1 ♀ MHNG, specimen figured by Lander (2003: Fig. 138)); Laos [sic!], Hoa Binh, Coll. T. Lander, 1 ♀ ( MHNG). VĨNH PHÚC PROV.: 70 km NW Hanoi, Tam Dao, 21.27°N 105.39°E, 900–1200 m, 9.–19.v.1996, Pacholátko & Dembický leg., 1 ♂ ( VKSC). ĐỒNG NAI PROV.: Prov. Dong Nai, MaDa Forest, vi.1991, J. Murzin leg., 1 ♀ ( NMPC). LAOS: XAYABULI PROV.: Sayaboury, v.1965, Laos (Baudon), 1 ♂ ( MNCN, coll. A. Cobos); Sayaboury, 28.v.1966, Laos (Baudon), 1 ♀ ( MNCN, coll. A. Cobos). VIEN- TIANE PROV.: Vientiane, x.[19]66, 1 ♀ ( VKSC); Phou Khao Khoay, 4.–17.v.2005, Petr Moravec, 2 ♀♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak. BOLIKHAMSAI PROV.: Ban Nape-Kaew Nua Pass, 18°22.3′N, 105°09.1′E, alt. 600± 100 m, 18.iv.–1.v.1998, E. Jendek & O. Šauša leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( EJBS). KHAMMOUANE PROV.: Nakai env., 17°43′N, 105°09′E, alt. 500–600 m, 22.v.–8.vi.2001, E. Jendek & O. Šauša leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ( EJBS); Nakai env., 17°43′N, 105°09′E, alt. 560 m, 7.–25.v.2002, M. Štěrba leg., 4 ♀♀ ( EJBS). ATTAPEU PROV.: Bolaven Plateau, 15 km SE of Ban Houaykong, Nong Lom (lake) env., 15°02′N, 106°35′E, alt. 800 m, 18.–30.iv.1999, E. Jendek & O. Šauša leg., 2 ♀♀ ( EJBS). CAM- BODIA: SIHANOUKVILLE PROV.: Kambodcha, Sihanoukville env., 23.iv.–4.v.2007, leg. Andreeva, 2 ♀♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak.

Redescription of lectotype. Well preserved ♂ specimen, only right three terminal antennomeres missing. Length 21.00 mm, width 7.00 mm, length/width ratio: 3.00. Body generally metallic green, shiny; convex parts on dorsum blue and impressed ones bright golden-green. Ventral side bright green with moderate golden tint. Legs including tarsi metallic green, ventral pads black with rust-coloured basal part. Labrum, maxillae and labium including palpi yellowish-brown. Scape and pedicel metallic, remaining antennomeres brownish-black.

Pronotum very densely macropunctate, only in central part with broad and sparsely micropunctate interspaces. Macropunctation laterally gradually coarser and denser. Macropunctures in central part round small and isolated, with small fovea; laterally distinctly deeper impressed and coalescent forming rugose surface. Medial line well visible, sparsely micropunctate, not elevated, basally slightly impressed. Medial impressions shallow but distinct, very densely punctate. Principal impressions moderately deep and not clearly delimited from disc due to coarse punctation. Lateral impressions very shallow, coarsely punctate. Lateral margin rounded, carinate, distinct in basal 2/3.

Elytra regularly convex with slightly but distinctly convex costae along suture and on intervals 2, 4, 6 and 8; interval 8 much higher than others and moderately convex. Second interval with small oval and very shallow impression in approx. 1/3 length of elytra, laterally reaching to interval 4. Intervals 4 and 6 interrupted by large transverse and oval yet shallow principal impression in apical 1/3 length. Intervals 4 and 6 connected just behind impression. Both impressions with slightly denser punctation than intercostal depressions. All intervals sparsely micropunctate (at magnification 50 ×) and with several macropunctures. Intercostal depressions moderately impressed and densely macropunctate. Punctation completely irregular, not forming rows or distinct groups. Interspaces mostly as wide as puncture diameter, occasionaly up to 3 × as wide as puncture diameter, very sparsely micropunctate, micropunctures hardly visible at magnification 50 ×. Each macropuncture bearing short adherent white seta, but impressions do not appear pilose. Epipleura in basal 1/4 broad, strongly shiny and sparsely punctate but rugose, then abruptly constricted with acutely angled inward tooth in constriction and then gradually narrowing apically; entire narrow part quite densely punctate, each puncture bearing long erect white seta.

Fore and mid femora in central part strongly shiny, sparsely punctate; hind femora distinctly more densely punctate. Each puncture bearing seta, setation particularly conspicuous on lower side of hind femora.

Ventral side of body ( Fig. 20 ) overall very densely and moderately coarsely punctate, only central part with moderately large shiny impunctate areas. Entire lateral sides of abdominal ventrites I–V very densely and almost uniformly punctate, without obvious shiny impunctate areas ( Fig. 21 ).

Aedeagus length: 5.78 mm, width: 0.89 mm, length/width ratio: 6.49. Parameres cymbiform, apices narrow and rounded. Penis narrow, strongly elongate, subparallel-sided, in apical 1/4 strongly narrowing and pointed, ventral side moderately deeply impressed with weak striae, lateral sides with deep canaliculus, dorsal margin slightly broader than ventral one ( Fig. 76 ).

Variation. Body ♂♂ (n=7) length: 18.25–22.50 mm, width: 6.25–7.25 mm, length/width ratio: (2.58)2.89– 3.11; ♀♀ (n=44): length: 18.00– 29.50 mm, width: 6.00– 9.75 mm, length/width ratio: 2.58–3.13.

Dorsal colouration quite constant, always with blue costae on elytra; intercostal depressions from bright green to green-golden (N Vietnam) or copper-golden (rarely N Vietnam, common in S Laos and S Vietnam). Ventral side of same colour as costae showing similar variability. Impressions on elytra of variable size but usually present; one of studied specimens had no impression, one had only basal one, and two only posterolateral one. Basal impression from small and rounded on second costa to large transverse expanded laterally to first and fourth costae and entirely interrupting intercostal depressions 2 and 4. Convexity of costae and density of punctation variable in northernsouthern gradient. Populations from N Vietnam with coarsely and very densely punctate lateral sides of pronotum and also elytral costae obviously convex separating individual intercostal depressions. While southern populations have distinctly sparser punctation of pronotum and elytra and distinctly lower costae, particularly in basal half thus intercostal depressions not so clearly separated.

Aedeagus (n=2) length: 5.78–5.83 mm, width 0.89–0.94 mm, length/width ratio: 6.20–6.49.

Female genitalia. Ventrite VII coarsely punctate, apex narrow and subacuminate. Tergite VIII coarsely punctate with moderately sized punctures, strongly narrowing apically; apex 0.3 × as wide as base, not bilobed, only indistinctly notched ( Fig. 93 ). Ventrite VIII subpentagonal, subparallel-sided, apex narrowing and rounded ( Fig. 92 ).

Differential diagnosis. For comparative characters see Table 2 on page 25.

Distribution. Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

Remarks. Chrysodema (C.) tonkinea was synonymized with C. (C.) aurostriata by Théry (1927) and Lander (2003). In our opinion it is a distinct taxon and can be easily separated by the colouration of mouthparts (black vs. yellow). Therefore we restore its species status.

We found three specimens labelled as ‘types’ of two varieties, one specimen of ‘ delacouri ’ ( Fig. 23 ) and two specimens of ‘ coomani ’ ( Fig. 22 ) of C. aurostriata by Théry. Both are unavailable manuscript names and belong to the northern morphotype differing only in absence of impressions on elytra (no impression in ‘ delacouri ’ and only basal one in ‘ coomani ’). Remaining characters are identical to other specimens from N Vietnam and are fully within regional variability of C. (C.) tonkinea , therefore there is no need to validate these names.

Lander (2003) recorded C. (C.) aurostriata from Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. Records from southern Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam certainly belong to C. (C.) tonkinea and we have examined the original material. We did not find authentically identified specimens from Cambodia recorded by Lander, however we studied two specimens from Cambodia, which perfectly agree with the paralectotype from Cochinchine.

Figures

FIGURES 19–24. Chrysodema, general aspect: 19–21—C. (C.) tonkinea Kerremans, 1909 (lectotype, ♂ 21.00 mm). 22—C. (C.) aurostriata ‘coomani Théry’ (BMNH, ♀ 28.25 mm)=C. (C.) tonkinea. 23—C. (C.) aurostriata ‘delacouri Théry’ (BMNH, ♀ 28.25 mm)=C. (C.) tonkinea. 24—C. (C.) aurostriata Saunders, 1866 (lectotype, ♀). 19, 22–23—dorsal view; 20—ventral view; 21—lateral view; 24—head.

FIGURES 73–95. Chrysodema, genitalia and terminal abdominal segments. 73—Chrysodema (Chrysodema) sonnerati Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1835 (Sri Lanka, MHNG); 74—C. (C.) lewisii lewisii Saunders, 1873 (holotype); 75—C. (C.) lewisii nakatai subsp. nov. (holotype); 76—C. (C.) tonkinea Kerremans, 1909 (lectotype); 77—C. (C.) vrabeci sp. nov. (holotype); 78—C. (C.) aeneoviolacea Deyrolle, 1864 (Kai Is., MHNG); 79—C. (C.) dany sp. nov. (holotype); 80—C. (C.) sibuyanica Fisher, 1924 (Sibuyan Is., NMPC); 81—C. (C.) wallacei Deyrolle, 1864 (Ambon Is, MNHN); 82—C. (C.) dohrnii Saunders, 1874 (Mindanao Is., DFPC); 83—C. (C.) fuscitarsis Kerremans, 1895 (Palawan Is., MNHN); 84—C. (C.) gottwaldi sp. nov. (holotype); 85—C. (Pseudochrysodema) coelestina Obenberger, 1922 (lectotype); 86—C. (P.) instabilis Deyrolle, 1864 (Halmahera Is., DFPC); 87—C. (C.) dohrnii (ibid., DFPC); 88—C. (C.) fuscitarsis (ibid., MNHN); 89—C. (C.) gottwaldi sp. nov. (holotype); 90, 91—C. (C.) aurostriata (lectotype); 92, 93—C. (C.) tonkinea (Hoa Binh, DFPC); 94, 95—C. (C.) vrabeci sp. nov. (Ban Huay Kon, MOOC). 73–79, 85–86—tegmen, parameres and penis; 80–84—aedeagus; 87–89—male ventrite VIII; 90, 92, 94—female ventrite VIII; 91, 93, 95—female tergite VIII. The scale bar does not apply to Figs 87–95.