Chrysodema (Chrysodema) fuscitarsis Kerremans, 1895

Frank, David & Sekerka, Lukáš, 2020, Studies on the genus Chrysodema (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae) part I., Zootaxa 4720 (1), pp. 1-62 : 43-47

Chrysodema (Chrysodema) fuscitarsis Kerremans, 1895 stat. rev.

( Figs 55–57 , 83, 88 )

Chrysodema fuscitarsis Kerremans (1895) : 194 (original description); Kerremans (1903): 74 (catalogue); Akiyama & Ohmomo (2000): Pl. 46, Figs 484-1, 484-2 (iconography).

Chrysodema (Pseudochrysodema) fuscitarsis: Kerremans (1909) : 505 (key, redescription); Obenberger (1926): 130 (catalogue).

Chrysodema (Chrysodema) fuscitarsis: Lander (2003) : 36 (revision, as synonym of C. (C.) mniszechii , colour Figs 64–65 ); Bellamy (2008): 531 (listed as synonym of C. (C.) mniszechii ), 534 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (C.) mniszechii ).

Type locality. ‘Mindanao; Palawan (Staudinger)’ [ Philippines: Palawan Island fixed by present lectotype designation.].

Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♀, ‘ Palawan / Stauding. [w, h] // fuscitarsis / Kerr. / Type [w, h] // SYN- / TYPE [b, p. circle] // Kerremans. / 1903-59. [w, p] // APPARTIENT AU / BRITISH MUSEUM / INALIENABLE [r, p] // Chrysodema / fuscitarsis / KERR / LECTOTYPE [r, h] // LECTOTYPE / design. by / R. HOŁYŃSKI / 1978 [r, h]’, ( BMNH). Paralectotypes (2 ♀♀): ♀, ‘ Palawan / Meyer D. [w, h] // fuscitarsis / Kerr. / Type [w, h] // SYN- / TYPE [b, p, circle] // Kerremans. / 1903-59. [w, p] // PARALECTO- / TYPE [r, h]’, ( BMNH); ♀, ‘Mindanao [sic! see remarks] / Stauding. [w, h] // fuscitarsis / Kerr. / Type [w, h] // Kerremans. / 1903-59. [w, p] // This is also one of the / syntypes of fuscitarsis Kerr. / In the description Kerrem. / states “Mindanao, Palawan / (Staudinger)” - this is the / only specimen from Min- / danao! Description states / “long. 25-33, larg. 8-12mm ” / - this specimen is 25x8, / two others from Palawan / are 30x10 and 32x11! / R. Hołynski XI. 1978 / verte [underside of the previous label] B. The book (ms.) / in Brit. Mus. (WH) con- / cerning the Kerremans’ / collection states / “ fuscitarsis Kerr. - / 3 types!” / RH [w, h by Hołyński]’, ( BMNH). All specimens were provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE [or PARALECTOTYPE respectively] ♀ / Chrysodema / fuscitarsis / KERREMANS, 1895 / David Frank labelled VIII. 2017 [date handwritten]’.

Additional material examined (13 ♂♂, 58 ♀♀). PHILIPPINES: Philippinen, coll. Hauser, 1 ♀ ( MFNB); Philippines, Stauding ., 1 ♀ ( MNHN). PALAWAN PROV.: Palawan Island: Palawan ( 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ MHNG ; 1 ♀ NMPC; 1 ♀ MNHN; 1 ♀ MFNB; 1 ♀ ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Palawan, Meyer D ., 2 ♀♀ ( MNHN); Palawan, Wa- terstradt (1♂, 1 ♀ MNHN; 1 ♀ IRSN); Palawan, xii.1984 , 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀ ( MHNG); Palawan, 23.vii.1995 , 1 ♀ ( MHNG, figured in Lander (2003: Fig. 65 ) as C. mniszechii var. fuscitarsis ); Palawan, viii.96 , 1 ♀ ( SGBG); Palawan, x.2005 , 1 ♀ ( DFPC); South Palawan, 2.viii. [19]82, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ( MNHN); Palawan Süd, xii.1979 , 1 ♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Süd-Palawan , 1 ♀ ( IRSN, ‘ C. holdhausi mss’, see remarks); South Palawan, 3.viii.1982 , 1 ♀ ( MNHN); Palawan, 1998 , 1 ♂ ( MHNG); Palawan, 13.xi.1998 , 1 ♀ ( MHNG); Palawan, Languan, 21.vii. [19]95, 1 ♀ ( VKSC); Brook Point, 10.xii.1982 , 1 ♀ ( MHNG); S Palawan, Brook’s Pt., iv.1986 , 1 ♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Brook’s Point, vii.1992 , 2 ♀♀ ( MHNG); Palawan, Broches Point, 20.4.1996 2 ♀♀ ( WBWA); Brookes Pt, ii.1997 , 2 ♀♀ ( SGBG); Palawan Isl., Brookes Point, 15.vii.1997 , 2 ♀♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Brooke’s Point , 20.v.1998, 1 ♀ ( VKSC); Brookes Point, 10.v.1999, 1 ♀ ( SGBG); Palawan Isl., Brookes Point, 15.v.1998, 1 ♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. No- vak; Palawan Isl., Brookes Point, 17.vi.1998, 1 ♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Palawan Isl., Brookes Point, 22.vi.1998, 1 ♂ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Brookes Pt, vii.1999, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ( SGBG); Palawan Isl., Irawan, 26.v.2000, 1 ♀ ( EJBS); Brooke’s Point, 11.iv.2001, W. Kuhler leg., 1 ♀ ( DFPC); Brooks Point, x.2001, 1 ♀ ( MHNG); Brookes Pt, v.2002,

5 ♀♀ ( SGBG). Balabac Island : Balabac Is., 1997 , 1 ♀ ( BMNH). Mindoro Island : Philippines, Mindoro, Laglaize 1875 , 1 ♀ ( MNHN); Midoro , 1 ♀ ( MHNG); Mindoro , x.1989 , 2 ♀♀ ( MHNG, 1 ♀ figured in Lander (2003: Fig. 64 ) as C. mniszechii var. fuscitarsis ); Mindoro?, vi.1993 , 1 ♀ ( MHNG) .

Redescription of lectotype. Moderately preserved ♀ specimen, all tarsi partly broken, right antenna missing. Length 30.50 mm, width 11.00 mm, length/width ratio: 2.77.

Body pitch brown-black, impressed areas on elytra with bronze lustre; underside with dark violet metallic lustre. Ventral pads on all tarsomeres dorsally yellowish-brown. Antennae yellow, only basal two antennomeres infuscate but not metallic. Labrum, labium and maxillae pale yellow.

Head moderately densely punctate, punctures foveolate, each bearing short seta, thus frons sparsely pubescent. Vertex more densely punctate and punctures bearing adherent setae.

Pronotum moderately densely macropunctate, shiny parts moderately densely micropunctate and distinctly micro-reticulate, thus not strongly shiny. Macropunctation laterally gradually coarser and more dense. Each macropuncture bearing moderately long white adherent seta. Medial line well visible, sparsely micropunctate, with several macropunctures slightly elevated. Medial impressions weak, barely impressed. Principal impressions small, elongate, shallow; uniformly densely punctate with small punctures. Lateral impressions moderately deep, with several shallow and hardly visible macropunctures, without obvious micropunctures. Lateral margin carinate in basal 3/4, then widening and flattened and reaching to approx. 5/6 length of pronotum.

Elytra regularly convex with distinctly elevated sharp and moderately broad costae along suture and on intervals 2, 4, 6 and 8. Interval 6 shortened, reaching to 3/4 length of elytra, widely separated from interval 4. Interval 2 slightly curved apically. Costae moderately densely micropunctate (at magnification 50 ×) and each with a few additional confusedly dispersed macropunctures. Intercostal depressions deep and very densely macropunctate. Punctation completely irregular, not forming rows or groups of punctures. Each macropuncture bearing moderately long adherent white seta, but impressions do not appear pilose. Interspaces at maximum 2 × as wide as puncture diameter but mostly as wide as puncture diameter.

Epipleura in basal 1/4 broad, densely punctate, then almost continuously constricted and gradually narrowing apically; punctures becoming finer and vanishing towards apex. Each puncture bearing long erect white seta.

Fore and mid femora in central part strongly shiny, sparsely punctate; hind femora somewhat more densely punctate. Each puncture bearing seta, setation particularly conspicuous on lower side of hind femora.

Ventral side of body ( Fig. 56 ) overall densely and moderately coarsely punctate, only central part sparsely punctate with large shiny impunctate areas. Entire of lateral sides of abdominal ventrite I densely punctate with small punctures. Lateral sides of ventrites II–V densely punctate in basal half and sparsely punctate in apical half ( Fig. 57 ).

Variation. Body ♂♂ (n=13) length: (22.50)24.00– 26.75 mm, width: 8.25–9.75 mm, length/width ratio: 2.64– 2.86(2.94); ♀♀ (n=58) length: (24.25) 25.50–35.75 mm, width: 8.50–13.50 mm, length/width ratio: 2.62–2.91(3.14). Very variable species. Dorsal colour always dark brown-bronze but often with copper, violet or dark blue tint; sometimes colours combined but costae always darker than intercostal depressions. Antennae from pale brown to almost black; antennomeres I–II always dark, often partly to completely metallic. Ventral pads on tarsi always pale yellowish-brown. Structure of pronotum also variable; punctation moderately dense to dense; micorpunctate parts from dull to strongly shiny; principal impressions from shallow and small to moderately deep and large; medial impressions from almost indistinct to shallow and thus medial line from flat to slightly elevated. Structure of elytra more constant in comparison to pronotum but still considerably variable; costae variously elevated but always sharp, interval 6 rarely connected to 4 (in seven specimens) but mostly separated. Lateral sides of abdominal ventrites II–V sometimes entirely punctate.

Aedeagus pale brown (n=3) length: 6.78–7.00 mm, width (1.33) 1.50–1.56 mm, length/width ratio: 4.26– 4.35(5.26). Parameres broadly rhomboidal in outline, outer margins of apical half curved, apices narrow and round- ed. Apex of penis broadly triangular, only slightly projecting beyond parameraes Penis ventrally moderately impressed with densely arranged striate laminae ( Fig. 83 ). Ventrite VIII flat and very densely pubescent ( Fig. 88 ).

Differential diagnosis. Chrysodema (C.) fuscitarsis and C. (C.) dohrnii are very similar sharing the same morphology of male genitalia and also structure of pronotum and elytra. Chrysodema (C.) fuscitarsis differs in pale coloured antennae, usually without metallic antennomeres I–II (vs. dark with antennomeres I–II bright green metallic), dark brown-bronze body (vs. bright green), and somewhat stouter body, and junction of elytral intervals 2 and 4 situated distinctly less posteriorly than in C. (C.) dohrni , which has it often nearly at apex. The colouration of anten- nae is variable in C. (C.) fuscitarsis but most of studied specimens have these pale coloured while C. (C.) dohrnii has them always dark. Also C. (C.) dohrnii has tarsal pads often black, while they are always pale in C. (C.) fuscitarsis . Chrysodema (C.) dorhnii is relatively widespread in Philippines and occurs certainly in Dinagat, Mindanao, Leyte and Samar while C. (C.) fuscitarsis occurs in Palawan, Balabac and probably also in Mindoro. Based on the studied material we treat both as distinct species, however, more material from various Philippine islands is needed to fully evaluate status of these two taxa. Also it would be desirable to acquire new material and analyze molecular data to see how similar individual populations are.

Distribution. Philippines: Palawan, Balabac and? Mindoro islands (see remarks).

Remarks. Chrysodema (C.) fuscitarsis was synonymized with C. (C.) mniszechii by Lander (2003), however, it has narrow and sharp costae on elytra while the latter has them very broad and rounded, therefore we restore species status of C. (C.) fuscitarsis . Hołyński studied type specimens of C. (C.) fuscitarsis in BMNH and labelled only two of them (specimens from Palawan) as lectotype and paralectotype respectively but he did not publish the designation. We re-examined these specimens and validate the lectotype designation to fix the type locality and conserve the status of this taxon. The specimen from Mindanao is certainly a part of the type series because it was mentioned in the original description (‘Mindanao; Palawan (Staudinger); ma collection’), however, we suppose that the locality data are erroneous as we examined numerous specimens of this species from Palawan but none from Mindanao.

Lander (2003: 78, Figs 64–65 ) published figures of two specimens of ‘ C. mniszechii var. fuscitarsis ’ as he synonymized C. (C.) fuscitarsis with C. (C.) miszechii . Both depicted specimens truly belong to C. (C.) fuscitarsis and are deposited in MHNG; that on Fig. 64 was collected on Mindoro and the other one ( Fig. 65 ) on Palawan.

Most examined specimens were from Palawan but we also have seen five specimens from Mindoro. They were collected in 1990ʼs but poorly localized just as ‘Mindoro’ therefore more material is needed to confirm occurrence of C. (C.) fuscitarsis in Mindoro.

In the collection of IRSN there is a single specimen from the collection of Hoschek labelled as type of ‘ Chrysodema Holdhausi m. Det. Hoschek 1944’. This name was never published and the specimen represents typical C. (C.) fuscitarsis .

Figures

FIGURES 55–60. Chrysodema, general aspect: 55–57—C. (C.) fuscitarsis Kerremans, 1895 (lectotype, Palawan, ♀ 28.00 mm). 58–60—C. (C.) gottwaldi sp. nov. (holotype, ♂ 24.75 mm). 55, 58—dorsal view; 56, 59—ventral view; 57, 60—lateral view.

FIGURES 73–95. Chrysodema, genitalia and terminal abdominal segments. 73—Chrysodema (Chrysodema) sonnerati Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1835 (Sri Lanka, MHNG); 74—C. (C.) lewisii lewisii Saunders, 1873 (holotype); 75—C. (C.) lewisii nakatai subsp. nov. (holotype); 76—C. (C.) tonkinea Kerremans, 1909 (lectotype); 77—C. (C.) vrabeci sp. nov. (holotype); 78—C. (C.) aeneoviolacea Deyrolle, 1864 (Kai Is., MHNG); 79—C. (C.) dany sp. nov. (holotype); 80—C. (C.) sibuyanica Fisher, 1924 (Sibuyan Is., NMPC); 81—C. (C.) wallacei Deyrolle, 1864 (Ambon Is, MNHN); 82—C. (C.) dohrnii Saunders, 1874 (Mindanao Is., DFPC); 83—C. (C.) fuscitarsis Kerremans, 1895 (Palawan Is., MNHN); 84—C. (C.) gottwaldi sp. nov. (holotype); 85—C. (Pseudochrysodema) coelestina Obenberger, 1922 (lectotype); 86—C. (P.) instabilis Deyrolle, 1864 (Halmahera Is., DFPC); 87—C. (C.) dohrnii (ibid., DFPC); 88—C. (C.) fuscitarsis (ibid., MNHN); 89—C. (C.) gottwaldi sp. nov. (holotype); 90, 91—C. (C.) aurostriata (lectotype); 92, 93—C. (C.) tonkinea (Hoa Binh, DFPC); 94, 95—C. (C.) vrabeci sp. nov. (Ban Huay Kon, MOOC). 73–79, 85–86—tegmen, parameres and penis; 80–84—aedeagus; 87–89—male ventrite VIII; 90, 92, 94—female ventrite VIII; 91, 93, 95—female tergite VIII. The scale bar does not apply to Figs 87–95.

FIGURES 61–66. Chrysodema, general aspect: 61–63—C. (Pseudochrysodema) coelestina Obenberger, 1922 (lectotype, ♂ 22.75 mm). 64–65—C. (P.) coelestina (Kai Is., ♂ 25.25 mm). 66—C. (P.) coelestina (Tayandu Is., ♂ 24.25 mm). 61, 64, 66—dorsal view; 62, 65—ventral view; 63—lateral view.