Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler 1881

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 46-47

Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler 1881

( Figs. 7 I, J; 16J–L; 26)

Lectotype: (male) BMNH #809361 (specimen examined)

Paralectotype: (female) BMNH #809362 (specimen examined)

Type location: near Termas de Chillán, Chile

= Neomaenas ljugnerae Bryk, 1944

Holotype: (female) NRM, Stockholm (photo examined)

Type location: Peninsula Llau Llau, north of Punto Nuevo, Lago Nahuel Huapí, Neuquen Province, Argentina, Oct. 1933 – March 1934, leg. Anna Hildegard Ljungner.

Distribution. Found in Chile from the southwestern part of Santiago, Metropolitan Province, southward to Araucanía Province, from January to March at 700–1830m ( Fig. 26).

Diagnosis. Dorsal side chocolate to dark chocolate brown with the forewing apical ocellus between M1 and M2 appearing as a black spot that is rarely pupillated. Discal cell of the ventral side hindwing maize yellow and the postmedian band daffodil yellow at the proximal edge as in N. coenonymphina , but very wide toward the costa and constricted at CuA1. A black ocellus between CuA1 and CuA2 as in N. coenonymphina , but usually larger and more oval than round. Cubitus, M3, cubital veins, and anal veins white.

Redescription. Head: Antennae 7–9mm and sparsely clothed in cream and chocolate scales on the dorsal side, terminating in a spatulate club. Male antennae tend to bear more of the darker scales than female. Eyes oval and sparsely hairy, length approximately 1.3X the width. Palps white to cream, the piliform ventral side scales white, black, and tan. Terminal palp segment slender, cylindrical, and a little more than 1/ 4X the length of the second segment.

Thorax black, females covered in white to ivory scales and males with cream to bronze scales. Scales of the abdomen cream to dark chocolate brown, darker in the males than the females. Male foreleg tarsus club-like and completely fused, but with a single unarticulated pseudo-segment visible at about the midpoint. Female tarsus longer and more slender than the male with four pseudo-segments visible at the distal end. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of amber spines on the tibia and tarsus.

Forewing ( Fig. 7 I, J): Wingspan 25–30mm. Termen nearly straight or barely convex. Discal cell widely Vshaped at the distal end with the distance between M1-M2 slightly shorter than between M2-M3. Dorsal side chocolate to dark chocolate brown with fringe scales medium brown to tan. Postmedian band appearing faintly in rust red or dark brown on lighter-colored specimens, most often in the females. Apical ocellus between M1-M2 appearing as a black spot on the dorsal side in both sexes, but more strongly and occasionally bearing a single ocellus in the females. Males with no visible androconial patch. Ventral side rust-orange and widely bordered in chocolate brown to tan that fades into golden to daffodil yellow at the radials. Postmedian band yellow-orange to medium orange, yellower toward the costa, and with a thin brown border that is constricted between M3 and CuA1, sometimes completely. Apical ocellus between M1-M2 ringed in daffodil yellow most often with a single white pupil, but occasionally, as in the female allotype, bipupillate.

Hindwing ( Fig. 7 I, J): Wing almost rectangular, termen slightly convex, barely scalloped, almost entire, between median veins and tornus and inner margin excavated between the anal vein and 1A+2A. Dorsal side chocolate to dark chocolate brown with fringe scales medium brown to tan. Postmedian band appearing faintly as rust red or dark brown on lighter specimens or absent in in darker specimens, usually males. Long piliform scales appearing on both sexes at the base and over the discal cell, extending to the median and toward the inner margin. Ventral side chocolate brown to medium brown, greyish toward the base with a ripple pattern at the inner margin. Discal cell and stripe between CuA2 and 1A+2A maize yellow. Postmedian band very wide at the costa, the proximal edge extending past the median and then narrowing sharply toward the termen, constricted completely or to a few millimeters at CuA1, widening again sharply between CuA1 and CuA2, continuing in an S-curve, and terminating at 1A+2A. Proximal edge of the postmedian band daffodil yellow, fading to base color and then maize yellow toward the distal edge. A black, oval, unpupillated ocellus ringed in yellow between CuA1 and CuA2. Sometimes, a similar but smaller ocellus appears between M1 and M2, as in the female allotype. Terminal band white toward the apex, fading to brown at the tornus. Cubitus, M3, cubital veins, and anal veins highlighted in white.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 16 J–L): Uncus narrow and finger-like, approximately 1.2X the length of the tegumen. Gnathos acute and half the length of the uncus, pedunculus short and acute, and saccus U-shaped and longer than the gnathos. Valvae wide, narrowing gradually from the median to a U-shaped distal end. Aedeagus nearly even in width along the distal two-thirds, narrowing proximally to half the width at a truncate end.

Remarks. Two specimens, a male and a female, are marked as the type for N. wallengrenii and J. Matz has designated the male as the lectotype. This species is very abundant near Termas de Chillán in the last half of February, especially in clearings with flowers near wooded areas where Chusquea is abundant, which agrees with the original description. Hayward (1958) found it in southwest Neuquén Province, Argentina.

Specimens examined. Chile, Maule Province, (MTSU) CH 18-1; Chile, Bío-Bío Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 93663, 0 0 0 0 93670, 0 0 0 0 93675, (MTSU) CH 24-6, CH 24B-09, CH 24B-11, CL0206-CL0213, CL0318-CL0345, CL0405- 0 416, CL0501, CL0907, (BMNH) Lectotype male 809631; Chile, Araucanía Province, (MTSU) CH 40-1; Chile, unknown province, (BMNH) Paralectotype female 809632

Figures

FIGURE 7. Composite habitus images of Neomaenas species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Neomaenas inornata Elwes 1903. Lithographs of male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3864) (A), and female allotype (BMNH) (B), (reproduced from Plate XIV of Elwes, 1903, Figure 19); C, D: Neomaenas monachus (Blanchard, 1852) — male N. monachus monachus (C), male N. monachus limonias (MZUJ) (D); E, F: Neomaenas poliozona (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) male holotype N. poliozona (BMNH # 809789) (E), male holotype N. poliozona eustephanos Matz nom. nov. (BMNH # 809619) (F); G: Neomaenas simplex (Butler, 1881) male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3878); H: Neomaenas tristis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) male (MZUJ); I, J: Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler, 1881, male lectotype (BMNH # 809361) (I), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809362) (J).

FIGURE 16. Male genitalia of Neomaenas species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All to the same scale. A – C: Neomaenas poliozona (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (CH 10 - 5); D – F: Neomaenas simplex (Butler, 1881) (CL 0204); G – I: Neomaenas tristis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) (CL 0901); J – L: Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler, 1881 (CL 0204).