Neosatyrus humilis ( C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 ) (Stygnus)

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 50-51

Neosatyrus humilis ( C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Stygnus) n. comb.

( Figs. 8 C, D; 17G–I; 27)

Lectotype: (male) BMNH #809786 (specimen examined)

Paralectotype (male) BMNH #809783 (specimen examined)

Type location: Valdivia, Los Rios Province, Chile

= Satyrus persephone Reed, 1877

Holotype by indication ( ICZN Art. 12.2.7): Plate II fig. 3 in Reed (1877)

= Erebina simplex Bryk, 1944

Holotype: (male) NRM, Stockholm (photo examined)

Allotype: (female) NRM, Stockholm (not examined)

Paratypes (2 males) NRM, Stockholm (not examined)

Type location: Peninsula Llau Llau, north of Punto Nuevo, Lago Nahuel Huapí, Neuquen Province, Argentina, Oct. 1933 – March 1934, leg. Anna Hildegard Ljungner.

Other combinations:

Homoeonympha humilis — Heimlich (1972), Peña & Ugarte (1997, p. 289); Lamas & Viloria (2004, p. 217).

Distribution. Found in Chile from Bío Bío province to northern Los Lagos province from December to February at nearly sea level to 1600m ( Fig. 27 ).

Diagnosis. Most similar to Neosatyrus ambiorix , but with the ocelli between M3-CuA1 and CuA1-CuA2 much reduced. Male foreleg tarsi are unsegmented and male forewings are without visible androconia. Genitalia are very similar to N. ambiorix , but with valvae slightly wider at the distal end.

Redescription. Head: Antennae 7–8mm, covered in white scales with a longitudinal stripe of chocolate to dark chocolate scales that cover half of a spatulate club. Eyes round and naked, length approximately 1.2X the width. Palps white to cream with coffee brown piliform scales in the females and black, white, and taupe in the males. Terminal palp segment is cylindrical and approximately three-fifths the length of the second segment.

Thorax dark amber with iridescent black scales and cream to chocolate piliform scales in the males and white and iridescent black with cream and coffee brown piliform scales in the females. Foreleg tarsi with four segments in the females and unsegmented in the males. Male forelegs may be constricted, but not segmented in one or two locations, giving the appearance of segmentation. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of black spines on the tibia and tarsus.

Forewing ( Fig. 8 C, D): Wingspan 20–26mm. Termen nearly straight to slightly convex and the distal end of the discal cell widely V-shaped. Males with no androconial patch. Dorsal side chocolate to dark chocolate brown with fringe scales the same color. Females may have a rust orange patch over the discal cell that extends to the median. Ventral side lighter than the dorsal side, both sexes with a rust orange to rust red patch over the discal cell that extends to the median and into the postmedian band. Postmedian band edged in dark chocolate to dark coffee brown, but not otherwise marked. Apical ocellus is round, black, bipupillate, ringed in daffodil yellow, and spans M1-M3. Ocellus may appear as two separate ocelli that fuse at M2 and the yellow ring may be circumscribed in dark chocolate brown in the females.

Hindwing ( Fig. 8 C, D): Wing rectangular, termen nearly straight and entire. Dorsal side chocolate to dark chocolate brown. Long piliform scales appear at the base and over the discal cell, extending to the median and toward the inner margin. Ventral side lighter than the dorsal side with a small, white, round ocellus in each cell between Rs and 1A+2A. Ocelli between M3-CuA1 and CuA1-CuA2 are weakly ringed in black. Rs-M1 ocellus is sometimes absent.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 17 G–I): Uncus wide at the base, narrowing from the median to the distal end and curving ventrally into a hook. Uncus about the same length or slightly shorter than the tegumen. Gnathos acute and a little less than two-thirds the length of the uncus. Pedunculus U-shaped. Saccus widely U-shaped and about the same length as the gnathos. Valvae widest at the median, narrowing gradually to a blunt proximal end and narrowing slightly toward the distal end to a deltoid terminus. Aedeagus hourglass-shaped at the distal half, the proximal half wider with a truncate terminus.

Remarks. There are two specimens in the British Museum that are labeled as the type specimen of N. humilis and J. Matz has designated the one labeled “Valdivia” as the lectotype. This species is probably the most frequently misidentified of the Neosatyriti, and has been labelled in collections as N. ambiorix , C. stelligera , and T. leucoglene . Likewise, these and N. schajovskoii have been mistaken for N. humilis . It is fairly nondescript and common near wooded areas.

Specimens examined. Chile, Maule Province, (MTSU) CH 16-1, (MGCL) 1 male; Chile, Bío-Bío Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 95099, (MTSU) CL0202, CL0203, CL0301, CL0307, CL0308, CL0401-CL0404, (CUIC) 1 female; Chile, Araucanía Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 93665, 0 0 0 0 93667, 0 0 0 0 93676, 0 0 0 0 95055, 0 0 0 0 95155, (MTSU) CH 40- 5, CH 41-1, (MGCL) 1 male; Chile, Los Ríos province, (BMNH) Lectotype Neosatyrus humilis male 809786; Chile, Los Lagos Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 93664, 0 0 0 0 93673, 0 0 0 0 95034, (MTSU) CH 10-4, CH 10B-3, CH 10B-8, CH 10B-9, (MGCL) 1 male; Chile, unknown province, (CUIC) 1 male; Argentina, Neuquén/Río Negro Province, (NRM) 1 male (photo examined); Unknown locality, Paralectotype Neosatyrus humilis male 809783

Figures

FIGURE 8. Composite habitus images of Neosatyrus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Neosatyrus ambiorix Wallengren, 1858 male holotype (NRM); B: Neosatyrus boisduvalii (Blanchard, 1852) male (MZUJ); C, D: Neosatyrus humilis (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) n. comb. male lectotype (BMNH # 809786) (C), male paralectotype (BMNH # 809783) (D); E: Neosatyrus schajovskoii (Hayward, 1954) n. comb. male (MZUJ); F: Neosatyrus vesagus (Doubleday, [1849]), male holotype (BMNH Rh 3875) illustration reproduced from Elwes (1903, plate XIV, Fig. 9).

FIGURE 17. Male genitalia of Neosatyrus species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All to the same scale. A – C: Neosatyrus ambiorix Wallengren, 1858 from the UJ collection; D – F: Neosatyrus boisduvalii (Blanchard, 1852) n. comb. from the UJ collection; G – I: Neosatyrus humilis (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) n. comb. CH 40 - 5; J – L: Neosatyrus schajovskoii (Hayward, 1954) n. comb. from UJ collection, (K) showing ornamentation on the aedeagus.

FIGURE 27. Distribution of locality records for Neosatyrus species and Neomaniola euripides.