Pampasatyrus glaucope glaucope ( C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 ) (Epinephele)

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 55-57

Pampasatyrus glaucope glaucope ( C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Epinephele)

( Figs. 9 C; 18G–I; 28)

Holotype: male ( BMNH) Rothschild bequest B.M. 1939-1, Felder Collection (photo examined) Type location: Brazil

= Epinephele friedenreichi Staudinger , [1887]

Lectotype: male (MFN, Berlin) (photo examined) Type location: Estado Santa Catarina, Brazil

Subspecies:

Pampasatyrus glaucope boeninghauseni ( Foetterle, 1902) (Epinephele) Holotype: male (MP, São Paulo?) Coll. J.G. Fötterle, don. H. Ornstein 1931 (photo examined) Type location: Estado Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

= Epinephele bönninghauseni Foetterle, 1902 , missp.

Distribution. Found in Brazil in the Serra da Mantiqueira Mountains, approximately 140km east northeast of São Paulo in November at around 2000m. Dolibaina et al. (2010) recorded this species in eastern Paraná state ( Fig. 28 ).

Diagnosis. Most similar to Pampasatyrus quies , but more saturated in color, with the ocelli and postmedian bands more clearly visible on the dorsal side, the pupils of the forewing ocelli blue on both the dorsal side and ventral side, and with a strong band of yellow at the median border of the postmedian band on the ventral side of the hindwing. Aedeagus with dentate projections at the distal one-third.

Redescription. Head: Antennae 9–10mm with dark chocolate scales and terminating in a spatulate club. Eyes round and naked, length approximately the same as width. Palps chocolate brown with a horizontal tan stripe along the median. Terminal palp segment cylindrical and a little less than one-third the length of the second segment.

Thorax with iridescent black scales and chocolate piliform scales. Foreleg tarsi unsegmented in the males; females were unavailable for study. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of dark amber spines on the tibia and tarsus.

Forewing ( Fig. 9 C): Wingspan 34–36mm. Termen nearly straight to slightly convex and the distal end of the discal cell a wide U-shape. Males with no visible androconial patch. Dorsal side chocolate brown with a patch of rust orange from the cubital edge of the discal cell and CuA2 to the inner margin. Postmedian band orange, both borders slightly deckle-edged and nearly straight with the subterminal side outlined in dark chocolate to dark coffee. Apical ocellus between M1-M3 is round, black, and pupillated with a large blue spot in each cell. Another round ocellus with a single large blue pupil spans the cell between CuA1-CuA2. Ventral side dark taupe to chocolate brown with a sparse ripple pattern in dark coffee striations from the submedian to the termen and along the entire length of the costa. Postmedian band is orange to rust orange with the median border dark coffee and barely deckle-edged and the subterminal border dark coffee, nearly straight, and stronger than the median border. Costal edge of the postmedian band tan to cream with dark coffee striations over the radials and extending to M2 on the median side of the M1-M3 ocellus and to M1 on the subterminal side. Apical ocellus between M1-M3 and ocellus between CuA1-CuA2 are as in the dorsal side, but with slightly smaller pupils and sometimes ringed in daffodil yellow to light orange. Subterminal band is tan with dark coffee striations.

Hindwing ( Fig. 9 C): Wing trapezoidal, termen slightly convex and barely scalloped, and the inner margin barely excavated between the anal vein and 1A+2A. Dorsal side similar in color to the forewing with the postmedian band orange to rust orange, deckle-edged at the median border, and deckle-edged and dark coffee brown at the subterminal border. Postmedian band fades to chocolate brown from M1 to the costa and a small, round, black ocellus may be visible between CuA1-CuA 2 in some specimens. Long piliform scales appear at the base and over the discal cell, extending to the median and toward the inner margin. Ventral side dark taupe with a dense ripple pattern of dark coffee striations over the entire wing. Median edge of the postmedian band with a thick daffodil yellow border outlined on the median side in dark coffee. Ripple pattern is barely visible in chocolate brown over the yellow stripe. Subterminal half of the postmedian band cream to dark taupe with dark coffee striations, lighter toward the costal edge and darker toward the inner margin. Subterminal border is dark coffee and barely deckle-edged. Small, black, oblong ocelli are barely visible between Rs-M1, M1-M2, and CuA1-CuA2 and may be ringed in rust red and bear a tiny white pupil. The CuA1-CuA2 ocellus may be obscured or absent and some specimens may have larger, more clearly visible ocelli. The subspecies P. gyrtone boenninghauseni is paler, with the cream postmedian band extending to the submarginal band on fore and hindwings, and with the HW ocelli noted above clearly visible.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 18 G–I): Uncus widest at the base, narrowing gradually to a blunt end, and a little less than 1.5 times the length of the tegumen. Gnathos acute and about 0.4X the length of the uncus. Pedunculus narrow and U-shaped, slightly attenuated at the ventral side end. Saccus widely U-shaped and about three-fifths the length of the gnathos. Valvae widest at the proximal one-fourth, the distal end nearly even in width and terminating in a blunt deltoid end. Aedaeagus nearly even in width throughout, slightly narrower at both proximal and distal ends, the distal one-third with dentate projections on each side and the proximal end terminating in a narrow U-shape.

Remarks. This rare species is listed in the Paraná State list of threatened species as vulnerable and restricted to a few, fragmented habitats in a geographic range of less than 2000 square kilometers [VUB2ab(ii, iii, iv)] and has not been collected since 1987 in spite of numerous recent expeditions to its known habitat ( Dolibaina et al., 2010).

Specimens examined. Brazil, São Paulo State, (MGCL) 1 male; Unknown locality, (BMNH) 789978

Figures

FIGURE 9. Composite habitus images of Pampasatyrus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Pampasatyrus gyrtone (Berg, 1877) male (BMNH # 809453); B: Pampasatyrus edmondsii (Butler, 1881) n. comb. male (MZUJ); C: Pampasatyrus glaucope (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) male (BMNH # 789978); D: Pampasatryrus gorkyi Pyrcz, Cerdeña and Zacca, 2014 holotype male (scale bar = 1 cm; reproduced from Cerdeña et al., 2014, open access); E: Pampasatyrus nilesi (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) male (MZUJ); F: Pampasatyrus quies (Berg, 1877) male (MZUJ).

FIGURE 18. Male genitalia of Pampasatyrus species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All to the same scale. A – C: Pampasatyrus gyrtone (Berg, 1877) (MGCL); D – F: Pampasatyrus edmondsii (Butler, 1881) n. comb. (MZUJ), (E) showing ornamentation on the aedeagus; G – I: Pampasatyrus glaucope (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (MGCL), (H) showing ornamentation on the aedeagus.

FIGURE 28. Distribution of locality records for Pampasatyrus species. Note that the locality for P. glaucope is overlain by a record for P. reticulata.