Brachygluta (Brachygluta) terebrata ( Casey, 1894 )

Chandler, Donald S., Sabella, Giorgio & Bückle, Christoph, 2015, A revision of the Nearctic species of Brachygluta Thomson, 1859 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), Zootaxa 3928 (1), pp. 1-91 : 59-62

20. Brachygluta (Brachygluta) terebrata ( Casey, 1894)

( Figs 25 , 41 C)

Bryaxis perforata Brendel, 1866b: 192 , 194 (discussion of female characters) (not Bryaxis perforata Aubé, 1833: 27 ). Type locality: New York. Type depository ANSP, Holotype male: // N.Y./ ♂/ Brend/ Horn Coll H1918/ Lectotype desg. Moxey 1962 / B. perforata Brend. / [red label] TYPE #8302 Bryaxis perforata Brendel Carl Farr Moxey 29.VI.1962 //], Holotype male. LeConte 1880: 181 (key). Brendel 1894: 160 (discussion of replacement name of Casey). Blatchley 1910: 319. Moxey 1962: 99.

Bryaxis (Bryaxis) perforata: Brendel & Wickham 1890: 268 (key), 282, plate IX, fig. 58.

Brachygluta perforata: Chandler 1994: 50 .

Bryaxis terebrata Casey, 1894: 481 (replacement name for Bryaxis perforata Brendel ).

Brachygluta terebrata: Raffray 1904: 225 ; 1908: 231; 1911: 94. Leng 1920: 130. Bowman 1934: 83 (Group I, key), 85. Chandler 1997: 56. Davies 1991: 128. Downie & Arnett 1996: 581. Poole & Gentili 1996: 380. Sikes 2004: 93. Bousquet et al. 2013 (checklist for Canada).

Bryaxis intricata Casey, 1894: 479 . Type locality: New York. Type depository USNM, holotype male. // N.Y/ ♂/ Casey bequest 1925/ TYPE USNM 38690/ intricata //. NEW SYNONYMY.

Brachygluta intricata: Raffray 1904: 225 ; 1908: 231; 1911: 94. Leng 1920: 130. Bowman 1934: 83 (Group I, key), 85. Downie & Arnett 1996: 581. Poole & Gentili 1996: 380. Chandler 1997: 56. Bousquet et al. 2013 (checklist for Canada).

Material examined, 224 specimens. CANADA: Ontario: Carleton Co.: Osgood, X-28-1967, A. Smetana ( MHNG, 4); X-20-1967, A. Smetana ( MHNG, 2). Hastings Co.: Trenton, VII-18-1908, Evans ( CNCI, 1). Kent Co.: Rondeau Provincial Park, beach nr. Entrance, VI-3-1985, A. Davies & J.M. Campbell, in debris on beach at high water line ( CNCI, 3). Lanark Co.: Pakenham Mountains, nr. White Lake, V-13-1987, A. Davies & L. Lesage, ex muskrat nest ( DSCC, 2); V-13-1987, A. Davies & L. Lesage ( CNCI, 4). Leed & Greenville Co.: Chaffeys Locks, X-16-1986, A. Davies, alder & sphagnum litter in marsh ( CNCI, 1), alder/birch litter, marsh edge ( DSCC, 2). Chaffeys Locks Biol. Station, VI-18-1986, A. Davies, sifted moss & litter ( CNCI, 5). Nipissing District: Algonquin Provincial Park nr. Brent, VIII-20-1980, R. Baranowski ( DSCC, 1). Norfolk Co.: Longpoint, VI-18-1972, A. & A.

Morgan (JPC, 1). Normondale, VI-14-1931, W.J. Brown ( CNCI, 1; CUDB, 1). Simcoe Co.: Simcoe, VI-13-1931, W.J. Brown ( CNCI, 1). Sudbury District: Sudbury, Laurentian University, VI-10/16 -1982, R. DeClerck, FITrap ( CNCI, 1). Toronto City: Toronto, R.J. Crew ( LEMC, 1). Welland Co.: Ridgeway ( MCZC, 1; SEMC, 2). Wentworth Co.: Ancaster, IX-1-1957, J.E.H. Martin ( CNCI, 1). York Region: Wilcox Lake, III-28-1902 ( LEMC, 1). Only province on label: “Ontario”, Sherman ( CASC, 1). Quebec: Bellechasse MRC (Municipalité Régionale de Comté): St.-Damien, XI-9-1975, F. Liard (LLC, 1); St.-Damien Berth., V-4-1977, C. Chantal, hutte à castor ( FMNH, 24). Brome-Mississiquoi MRC: Mississiquoi, St.-Armand O., V-11-2001, C. Chantal (CCC, 1). L’Érable MRC: 4 mi W Marsham, nr. Mud Lake, VIII-17-1967, J.M. Campbell, berlese sample ex. lining old beaver lodge ( CNCI, 2); X-25-1967, berlese sample ex. lining old beaver lodge ( CNCI, 2); X-24-1967, J.M. Campbell & A. Smetana, berlese sample ex. lining old beaver lodge ( CNCI, 3). Le Collines-de-l’Outaouais MRC: Fortune Lake, Gatineau Park, XI-7-1967, J.M. Campbell & A. Smetana, ex: beaver lodge ( CNCI, 1). Gatineau Park, Fortune Lake, XI-11-1967, A. Smetana ( MHNG, 2). Gatineau Park, near Mud Lake, X-24-1967, A. Smetana ( MHNG, 1). Lac Fortune, Parc Gatineau, VIII-22-1976 ( DSCC, 1); VIII-15-1976, R. Sexton, hutte à castor ( DSCC, 1); VIII-29- 1976 ( DSCC, 1). Pontiac MRC: Blind Lake, Gatineau Park, XI-11-1970, J.M. Campbell & S. Peck ( CNCI, 1). Lac Holly, Parc Gatineau, IX-11-1976, R. Sexton, hutte à castor ( DSCC, 1). Ramsay Lake Area, IX-1-1968, J.M. Campbell ( CNCI, 1). Témiscamingue MRC: Laniel, VIII-22-1932, W.J. Brown ( CNCI, 3). Saskatchewan: Tp. 59 Rge. 22, W. 3 Meridian, VII-30-1984, B.F. & J.L. Carr ( CNCI, 1). Only country on label: “Can.” ( CMNH, 6). USA: District of Columbia: “D.C.” ( CMNH, 4; MCZC, 1). Illinois: Lake Co.: Sayer Bog, Volo, IV-7-1959, W. Suter ( FMNH, 4); IV-21-1962, berlese leaf mold ( FMNH, 1). Antioch, X-27-1943, Ross & Sanders, sphagnum moss, tamarck bog ( INHS, 15); Antioch bog, VI-3-1960, W. Suter, sphagnum ( FMNH, 1). Indiana: Only state on label: “In.” ( FMNH, 1). Kentucky: Only state on label: “Ky.” ( MCZC, 1). Maryland: Baltimore Co.: Butler, II- 12-1979, E.J. Ford, Jr., light trap ( DSCC, 1). Montgomery Co.: Takoma Park, VIII-29-1970, M. Druckenbrod, UV light ( USNM, 1). Massachusetts: Middlesex Co.: Drac(ut), VII-24-1888 ( MCZC, 1). Lowell ( MCZC, 1). Spencer Circle, 1 km E West Groton, VIII-21-2011, T. Murray, light, photo ( DSCC, 1). Only state on label: “Mas.” ( DSCC, 1; MCZC, 1). New Hampshire: Coos Co.: White Mtns., Peabody River, VII-11-1925, Quirsfeld ( CNCI, 1). New Jersey: Bergen Co.: Hillsdale, XII-4-1930 ( CNCI, 1). Hudson Co.: Snake Hill (= Laurel Hill), VIII-30 ( FMNH, 1). Morris Co.: Towaco, XI-7-1944, A. Nicolay, sifting leaves ( USNM, 5). Passaic Co.: Mountainview, IV-22-1939, A. Nicolay ( USNM, 1). Union Co.: Elizabethtown ( FMNH, 1). Roselle Park, XII-9-1923, A. Nicolay ( USNM, 5; ANSP, 1); IV-27-1924 ( MCZC, H.C. Fall Collection, 2); XI-25-1923 ( USNM, 10); IV-4-1926 ( USNM, 8); XI-1- 1925 ( MCZC, H.C. Fall Collection, 3; UAIC, 1); X-30-1927, Quirsfeld ( CASC, 2; MCZC, H.C. Fall Collection, 1); XI-29-1924 ( CNCI, 1); XI-9-1924, Quirsfeld ( CNCI, 8); IV-16-1911 ( AMNH, 1); XII-9-1923, Quirsfeld ( CUIC, 1); XI-1-1925, A. Nicolay ( CUIC, 3). County unknown: Linton?, XI-25-1923, sifting in swamp ( AMNH, 2). New York: Albany Co.: Rensselaerville, SW E.N. Huyck Preserve, VIII-27-1974, W. Suter, lake shore debris 4- fern ( DSCC 1; FMNH, 1). Erie Co.: Buffalo, VI-23-1901 ( DSCC, 1); Buffalo ( SEMC, 1; INHS, 7). Greene Co.: Catskill, IV, Angell ( MCZC, 1). Ontario Co.: 3 mi N Geneva, VII-11-1983, M.T. Quinn, sift beech litter in wet depressions ( DSCC, 1). Queens Co.: Flushing, L.(ong) I.(sland), VI-3-1931, K.W. Cooper, sweeping ( FMNH, 1). Tompkins Co.: Ithaca ( USNM, 3); VI-11-1939; P.P. Bably ( MHNG, 1). McLean Bogs Preserve, Mud Pond, V-8/15 - 2000, J.K. Liebherr, pitfall trap ( CUIC, 1). Only state on label: “N.Y.” ( CMNH, 3); Brend. ( MCZC, Horn Collection, 1). Ohio: Ashtabula Co. : Trumbull, VI-5-1976, D.S. Chandler, sift leaf litter along stream ( DSCC, 1). Cuyahoga Co.: Fairview Park, Macbeth Avenue, VI-29-1974, H.J. Lee, UV light ( AMNH, 1). Huron Co.: Ridge Road sand quarry, North Fairfield, VII-13-1974, H.J. Lee & T.C. Sheets, taken at ultraviolet light ( DSCC, 1). Only state on label: “Ohio” ( CMNH, 6; USNM, 2). Pennsylvania: Westmoreland Co.: Jeannette, X, H.G. Klages ( CMNH, 1); X-12 ( CMNH, 1); X-6 ( CMNH, 1). West Virginia: Mineral Co.: Piney Swamp, 5 mi SW Keyser, V- 27-1993, S.M. Clark ( WVDA, 1). Wisconsin: Grant Co.: VII-1-1952 ( FMNH, 1). Boscobel, VII-11-1953, R. Shenefelt ( DSCC, 2).

Description. BODY: Length 1.68–1.80 mm; brown, some with elytra red-brown; setae on head, pronotum, and elytra short, curved and suberect, decumbent over rest of body. Head: surface smooth, shining, punctures indistinct. Antennomere III-VI longer than wide, VII as long as wide, VIII–X transverse, VIII about two-thirds width of IX ( Fig. 25 E). Median vertexal fovea as wide as lateral foveae. Pronotum: surface smooth, shining, punctures indistinct. Median antebasal fovea with setose area as wide as those of lateral antebasal foveae. Elytra: with faint microreticulation, punctures indistinct, discal stria extending to about four-fifths of elytral length. Abdomen: basal striae of tergite 1 long, about one-half length of paratergites, separated at base by two-fifths tergite width at base, basal comb of setae between striae slightly denser in males than in females; disc smooth, shining, punctures indistinct.

MALE: Antennae and trochanters not modified. Metaventrite with short triangular patch of longer, appressed setae between metacoxae. Tergite 1 with apex angled to become prominent at middle, appearing humped in lateral view, apical margin with shallow emargination at middle, lacking setal lamina; tergite 2 with deep V-shaped impression extending from tergite base to near apex, apical portion of impression with prominent margins, strongly protruding dorsally in lateral view, posterior margin of protuberance vertical; with two appressed setal tufts at apex of protruding margin, complex tubercle extending from base of impression at angle to meet apical margin of tergite 1; lateral portions of tergite 2 slightly flattened and coarsely punctate ( Figs 25 A–D); in lateral view tergite 1 rising to apex, 2 gently curving dorsally with posterior face nearly vertical, base of 2 well-separated from 1. Abdominal ventrites broadly curved. Metatibiae thin, narrow at base, gradually widened to near apex, mesal margin of apical sixth with brush present ( Fig. 25 F). Aedeagus 0.32 mm long; dorsal plate triangular, margins evenly converging to acute point; parameres truncate at apex, three thick setae on lateral margin at angle of preapical constriction; hyaline seta on mesal margin, small, thickened to middle, with acute apex; internal sac with three thick spines, one short, none strongly curved ( Fig. 25 G).

FEMALE: Metaventrite with denser setae in area between metacoxae, sparse over rest of metaventrite. Abdominal tergites gently convex, lacking modifications; ventrites broadly convex. Metatibiae similar to that of male.

Collection data: From alder and sphagnum litter in marshes; in beaver houses and muskrat nests; in beach debris; at UV light ( Chandler 1997); also from leaf litter along streams. Habitat data from specimens indicates that this species is found in leaf litter along lake margins and in swamps/marshes. Several series have been taken from debris in beaver huts. This is a species of the Northeast and Midwest regions, with all collections but one being taken from March to November.

Distribution ( Fig. 41 C). In Canada found from Quebec to Saskatchewan, and in the United States documented from New Hampshire to West Virginia and Wisconsin. This species was reported from Connecticut ( Bowman 1934) and Rhode Island ( Sikes 2004), but the specimens upon which these records are based have not been examined.

Comments. This species is similar to B. arguta and B. wickhami in sharing the small size, dark color, the long basal discal carinae of tergite 1, and have the male characters expressed at the middle of tergite 2. This species may be separated from the other two by the prominent, bluntly rounded projection that extends to the middle of tergite 2 (best seen in lateral view), with the area anterior to the tubercle deeply impressed and bearing a basal median projection, and the posterior margin nearly vertical. The other two species lack the prominently projecting median portion of the disc. Also, the median pronotal fovea is subequal in size to the lateral foveae in B. terebrata , while in the other two eastern species the median fovea is about two-thirds the size of the lateral foveae. Casey (1894: 479) proposed the name B. intricata for the smaller dark variety of B. dentata that Say (1824) mentioned in his description, while proposing B. terebrata as a replacement name in the same paper for the junior homonym B. perforata Brendel. Since B. terebrata was proposed to replace an older name, as first revisers we choose it as the most appropriate valid name to be used for this species.

Figures

FIGURE 25. Brachygluta terebrata (Casey). A: Abdomen, dorsal view (Canada, Ontario, Carleton Co.). B: Abdomen, dorsocaudal view (Canada, Ontario, Carleton Co.). C: Abdomen, dorsal view (holotype of B. intricata (Casey). D: Abdomen, second tergite, dorsocaudal view (holotype of B. intricata (Casey). E: Right antenna (Canada, Ontario, Carleton Co.). F: Left metatibia, posterior view (Canada, Ontario, Carleton Co.). G: Aedeagus (Canada, Ontario, Carleton Co.).

FIGURE 41. Distribution map of Brachygluta arguta species-group. A: Brachygluta arguta (Casey). B: Brachygluta wickhami Bückle. C: Brachygluta terebrata (Casey) (excluding Canada, Saskatchewan). D: Brachygluta elegans (Brendel) (Red dot: material examined, green dot: only state on label).