Neochauliodes formosanus (Okamoto), 2007

Liu, Xingyue, Hayashi, Fumio & Yang, Ding, 2007, Revision of the Neochauliodes sinensis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae), Zootaxa 1511 (1), pp. 29-54 : 35-37

Neochauliodes formosanus (Okamoto) , stat. rev.

( Figs. 2 , 14–17 , 45 )

Chauliodes formosanus Okamoto, 1910 . Wien. Entomol. Z. 29: 263. Type locality: Taiwan.

Neochauliodes sinensis meridionalis Weele, 1909 : Synonimized by Esben–Petersen (1913).

Chauliodes kawarayamanus Okamoto, 1910 . Wien. Entomol. Z. 29: 262–263. Type locality: Taiwan. Synonimized with N. sinensis meridionalis by Lestage (1927).

Diagnosis. Forewing hyaline with many dispersed small dark spots; male tenth sternum in lateral view with apex strongly inflated, in ventral view with proximal margin V–shaped.

Male. Body length 20–25 mm; forewing length 30–38 mm, hindwing length 26–34 mm.

Head usually entirely orange, but occasionally brownish. Compound eyes blackish brown, ocelli pale yellow with black inner margin. Antenna dark. Mouthparts pale yellow; mandible with distal half reddish brown, maxillary and labial palpi with distal three segments blackish brown, otherwise pale.

Prothorax orange, sometimes dorsally darkened on lateral margins; meso– and metathorax pale yellow, dorsolaterally dark brown. Legs dark with short, dense, pale yellow setae; tarsal claws reddish brown. Wings ( Fig. 2 ) hyaline with many scattered brown spots; pterostigma short, pale yellow. Forewing proximally with a few small brownish marks on costal area, and with a stripe proximal and distal to pterostigma, proximal stripe longer; two hyaline areas without marks located on proximal 1/3 and distal 1/3; median marks sometimes connected forming a transverse band. Hindwing similarly marked, but with proximal half almost entirely hyaline; proximal costal area brown, median transverse band entire, extending from Sc to Cu. Veins pale yellow except costal crossveins and veins on dark marks brown. Rs four–branched, R 2 distally three–branched; three crossveins between R 1 and Rs; M two–branched; 1A two–branched.

Abdomen blackish brown, with venter slightly paler. Tenth tergum in lateral view subquadrate, roundly produced posteriorly ( Fig. 14 ); in dorsal view apex distinctly inflated ( Fig. 16 ). Tenth sternum ( Figs. 14–15 ) strongly sclerotized, ventrally 2.5 times longer than wide, proximal margin V–shaped, distal margin slightly incised; in lateral view spoon–like, slightly curved dorsad, with apex strongly inflated.

Female. Body length 25–35 mm; forewing length 34–44 mm, hindwing length 31–39 mm.

Eighth sternum subtrapezoidal in lateral view, with distal margin strongly produced posteriorly. Tenth tergum ( Fig. 17 ) short, triangular in lateral view. Gonocoxite ( Fig. 17 ) membranous, subquadrate, obliquely directed dorsad.

Materials examined. CHINA: ♂, Taiwan: Taibei, Wulai , 7.XII.1987, F. Hayashi ( CAU) ; ♀, Taiwan: Pingdong , 4.IV.1983 ( CAU) ; ♂, Taiwan: Taibei, Wulai , 11.IV.1982, S. Uchida ( CAU) ; ♀, Taiwan: Taibei, Wulai , 28.IV.1987, F. Hayashi ( CAU) ; 2 ♂, Taiwan: Taibei , Wulai, 5. V .1994, T . Shimizu (HC) ; 7 ♂ 11 ♀, Taiwan: Taibei, Wulai , reared from larvae, F. Hayashi (HC) ; ♂, Taiwan: Taizhong , Puli, 15. V .1987, F. Hayashi ( CAU) ; ♂, Taiwan: Taizhong, Puli , 25.IV.1994, T . Shimizu (HC) ; ♂, Taiwan: Taizhong, Puli , 18.VII.1994 (HC) ; ♀, Taiwan: Taizhong, Puli , reared from a larva, F. Hayashi (HC) ; 2 ♀, Taiwan: Ken –ting, 21/ 22.III.1987, F. Hayashi (HC) ; ♀, Taiwan: Ken –ting, 29.III.1987, K. Okazaki (HC) ; ♂, Jiangxi: Xingguo , 3. V .1978, C. Yang ( CAU) ; 2 ♂ ♀, Jiangxi: Yudu , Qilushan, 5/ 6. V .1978, C. Yang ( CAU) ; 5 ♂, Jiangxi: Shangrao , 30.IV/ 2. V .1978, C. Yang ( CAU) ; ♂, Fujian: Youxi , 26. V .1976, S. Qi ( CAU) ; 4 ♀, Zhejiang: Lishui, V / VI .1982 ( CAU); 2 ♀, Zhejiang: Kaihua, Gutianshan , 28.VII.1992, H. Wu ( CAU) ; ♂, Guangdong: Guangzhou, Baiyunshan , 2. V .1991, F. Li ( CAU) ; ♂, Hongkong: Tai po kau Forest, 5. V .1989, H. Ichii ( CAU) ; ♂, Shandong: Qingdao , VIII.1998, H. Huang ( CAU) ; SOUTH KOREA: 6 ♂ ♀, near Kyeryongsan , reared from larvae in 1995, Y. Takeuchi and F. Hayashi (♂ ♀ in CAU, others in HC) ; 4 ♂ 3 ♀, Yongsuchon River and a small stream near Kunam , reared from larvae in 1997, H. Ichiyanagi and F. Hayashi (HC); JAPAN : ♂, Tsushima Island, Meboro , 15/ 18.VII.1968, S. Miyamoto & A. Nakanishi ( NSMT) ; ♂ ♀, Tsushima Island, Hitakatsu & Uchiyama, 18/ 22.VII.1960, M. Sato ( NSMT) ; ♂, Tsushima Island, Uchiyama , 26.VII.1968, Suga ( NSMT) .

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hongkong, Jiangxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Tsushima Island).

Remarks. Esben–Petersen (1913) placed C. formosanus as a junior synonym of N. sinensis meridionalis and this is followed by Stitz (1914), Kuwayama (1964, 1966), Hayashi (1989a), and Stange & Wang (1998). But Banks (1937) used N. formosanus in his list of Formosan Megaloptera . Although the holotype of C. kawarayamanus has been lost ( Kuwayama 1966), the original description suggests that this species is a female C. formosanus of varied body color, as already pointed out by Lestage (1927). Neochauliodes sinensis is distinct from N. formosanus by virtue of the long median transverse band on the forewing and the male tenth sternum not inflated on distal half in lateral view. Neochauliodes meridionalis has the broad median transverse band on the forewing and the male tenth sternum almost slender throughout in lateral view. Neochauliodes formosanus appears closely related to N. rotundatus in having the similar genitalia, but N. rotundatus has the median transverse band broad and not separated into scattered spots. The distribution of N. formosanus includes Taiwan, eastern China, and South Korea. This species is also distributed on Tsushima Island in Japan, a small island located between the Korean Peninsula and Japanese Kyushu. In some populations, the wing patterns of this species are somewhat variable among individuals in the density of the small spots on the forewings.

Figures

FIGURE 45. The map showing the geographical distributions of N.amamioshimanus, N. formosanus, N. parcus, N. punctatolosus, and N. rotundatus.

FIGURES 1–9. Habitus photos of the species of the N. sinensis group described or re–described in the present. 1. N. amamioshimanus sp. nov. (Holotype), male; 2. N. formosanus (Okamoto), male; 3. N. jiangxiensis Yang & Yang (Holotype), male; 4. N. koreanus Weele, male; 5. N. occidentalis Weele (Lectotype), male; 6. N. robustus sp. nov. (Holotype), male; 7. N. rotundatus Tjeder, male; 8. N. sinensis (Walker) (Lectotype), male; 9. N. truncatus Kimmins (Allotype), female.

FIGURES 14–17. Neochauliodes formosanus (Okamoto). 14. Male genitalia, lateral view; 15. Male tenth sternum, ventral view; 16. Male tenth tergum, dorsal view; 17. Female genitalia, lateral view.