Sagenaster, 2007

Mah, Christopher, 2007, Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): evolutionary events in deep-sea Asteroidea displaying Palaeozoic features, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (1), pp. 177-210 : 194

SAGENASTER MAH GEN. NOV.

Etymology: Latin (sagena) for fish-net, referring to the reticulate or net-like skeleton in this genus.

Type species: Zoroaster evermanni Fisher, 1905 .

Diagnosis: Disc and arm skeleton reticulate. Plates cruciform, forming open papular fields. Primary spines present on all plates. Internal buttress absent.

SAGENASTER EVERMANNI ( FISHER, 1905) (W/SYNONYM EVERMANNI MORDAX FISHER, 1919 )

( FIGS 2E, F )

Zoroaster (Myxoderma) evermanni Fisher, 1905: 317 ; not H.L. Clark, 1913: 198 (= Myxoderma sacculatum ).

Zoroaster evermanni Fisher, 1919a: 390 ; H.L. Clark, 1920: 100; 1923: 152; Fisher, 1928: 40, pl. 13, fig. 3, pl. 14, figs 1.1a, 1b, pl. 18, fig. 4; pl. 19, fig. 1; pl. 20, figs 3, 4; Alton, 1966: 1709; Carey, 1972: 41; Lambert, 1978a: 23; 1978b: 64; Maluf, 1988: 44, 125; Nybakken et al., 1998: 1777; Clark & Mah, 2001: 233.

Zoroaster evermanni mordax Fisher, 1919a: 391, 1928: 34 , 43, pl. 13, fig. 4; pl. 14, fig. 2; pl. 19, fig. 2.

Occurrence: Aleutian Islands (Alaska), Queen Charlotte Island ( Canada), Oregon, Washington to S. California, Mexico, 100–2710 m.

Material: Alaska: CASIZ 115898 , Aleutian Islands, Unalaska Island , 54.00°21.50″N, 167.00°47.50″W, 905–910 m, Coll. 14.vi.1979 (wet spec. R = 17.2, r = 1.6) . Oregon: NMNH E 10356, SW of mouth of Columbia River, 45°51.5′N, 124°42′W. 823 m, Coll. 6.iii.1962. (1 dry spec. R = 12.6, r = 0.9 cm) NMNH E 10359 SW of mouth of Columbia River, 45°52.3′N, 124°52′W. 823 m, Coll. 13.v.1963. (1 dry spec. R = 9.1, r = 0.9 cm) NMNH E16023, SW of mouth of Columbia River, 45°52′N, 124°54′W. 823 m, Coll. 27.v.1962 (1 dry spec. R = 9.2, r = 0.9 cm); NMNH E 10360, SW of mouth of Columbia River, 45°40.5′N, 124°55′W, 1372 m, Coll. 2.viii.1963. (1 dry spec. R = 3.2, r = 0.35 cm) NMNH E 10357, SW of mouth of Columbia River, 45°52′N, 124°54′W. 732 m, Coll. 23.i.1963. (1 dry spec. R = 14.2, r = 0.8 cm) NMNH E 16019, SW of mouth of Columbia River, 45°56′N, 124°51′W. 682 m, Coll. 12.iii.1962. [1 dry spec. R = ∼8.2, r = 0.8 cm (arm tips broken)] NMNH E 10358, SW of mouth of Columbia River, 45°57.3′N, 124°48.7′W. 594 m, Coll. 10.v.1962. [1 dry spec. R = ∼16, r = 0.9 cm (arm tips broken)] NMNH E 16007, SW of mouth of Columbia River, 46°14′N, 124°44′W. 979 m, Coll. 13.iii.1962. [2 dry specs. R = ∼12.5, r = 1.0 cm, R = 7.2, r = 0.8 cm (arm tips broken)] CASIZ 122302 , Off Oregon coast, 44°20′N, 125°5′W, 823–914.0 m, Coll. 10.xii.1961 (1 wet spec. R = 11.8, r = 0.7). CASIZ 121506 Cascadia Plain, 45°55.50′N, 125°38.8′W, 2030.0 m, Coll. 20.iii.1970. (5 wet specs. R = 2.0, r = 0.3, R = 1.1, r = 0.2, R = 0.8, r = 0.2; R = 1.1, r = 0.2, R = 0.4, r = 0.1) California: CASIZ 113317 Humboldt County on mud, 704–841 m, Coll. vi.1977. (3 dry spec. R = 8.8, r = 1.2, R = 12.2, r = 1.1; R = 9.7, r = 0.8) CASIZ 113318 Eureka, Humboldt County on soft green-black mud, 100–1005 m, Coll. i.1977. (2 dry specs. R = 10.6, r = 0.8, R = 11.2, r = 0.8) CASIZ 11319 , Eureka , Humboldt County on soft green-black mud, 823 m [2 dry specs. R = 10.5, r = 1.1, R = ∼15, r = 1.1 (arm tips broken)] CASIZ 115950 Off Point Loma Lighthouse, San Diego on green mud, fine sand, 294–933 m, Coll. 5.iii.1904. [1 wet spec. R = 13.9, r = 1.1 (arm tips broken)] CASIZ 115910 Gulf of Farallones, 913–1000 m, Coll. 16.xii.1985. (2 wet specs., R = 3.1, r = 0.4, R = 2.6, r = 0.6) CASIZ 115925 Off Bodega head, Sonoma County, 549–567.0 m Coll. 16.iii.1965. [1 wet spec. R = ∼14.8, r = 1.0 (arms broken)]

Figures

Figure 2. A, abactinal surface juvenile specimen, Myxoderma sacculatum (USNM E1149). B, abactinal surface, adult specimen, M. sacculatum (USNM E3596). C, ambulacral ossicles and superambulacral ossicles (SA), M. sacculatum (USNM E3596). D, same specimen, arm viewed head-on showing ambulacrals (AMB), internal buttress (IB), Sagenaster evermanni (USNM 16023). E, abactinal surface, disk and arms. F, arm plates. G, abactinal disk and arm plates showing plate morphology (coelomic view, M. sacculatum USNM E13990).