Anoreina Bates, 1861

Machado, Vanessa S. & Monné, Marcela L., 2011, Revision of Anoreina Bates (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), Zootaxa 2970, pp. 1-32 : 2-4

Anoreina Bates, 1861

Oreodera (Anoreina) Bates, 1861: 149 ; Aurivillius, 1923: 378 (catalogue); Monné, 1994: 33 (catalogue). Anoreina ; Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 233 (checklist); Monné & Giesbert, 1995: 239 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 168 (catalogue); Monné & Bezark, 2009: 219 (checklist).

Type species: Oreodera (Anoreina) nana Bates, 1861 , by monotypy.

Frons vertical (Fig. 3) with row of brown setae near outer margin of lower ocular lobe and row of brown erect setae near base. Eyes coarsely faceted. Upper eye lobes (Figs 1, 3) separated from each other by width of upper lobe or more. Lower eye lobes (Figs. 2, 4) oval. Labrum (Fig. 7) covered with short, brown pilosity and long dark brown, decumbent, sparse setae. Apical segments of labial and maxillary palps (Figs 8, 9) distinctly acuminate at apex. Mentum (Fig. 3) transverse, sclerotized and slightly depressed. Genae (Fig. 3) slightly projected with apical margin rounded. Antennal tubercles (Fig. 10) feebly prominent, obliquely directed posteriorly and widely separated. Antennae long; exceeding elytral apices in both sexes; with short, erect brown setae throughout. Scape (Fig. 10) ½ to 2/3 length of antennomere 3; antennomere 3 as long as or longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 4–11 decreasing in length; antennomere 11 about half or 1/3 shorter than 3. Scape long, cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the base. Pedicel (Fig. 10) short, cylindrical. Scape, pedicel, and antennomeres 3–6 or 7 with long, black, erect setae on inner margin.

Prothorax (Figs 11–14, 84–86) distinctly transverse; with discrete lateral prominence and some coarse punctures ornamented with long, brown setae concentrated on postmedian region. Pronotum (Fig. 11) planar, without tubercles; posterior margin straight; with row of coarse punctures reaching side of prothorax. Intercoxal process of prosternum (Fig. 13) wide, about half as broad as coxal cavity; planar, but elevated on lateral margin; posterior margin truncate; anterior coxal cavities closed behind. Intercoxal process of mesosternum (Figs 15–16) about 1/3 wider than coxal cavity with posterior margin truncate; intermediate coxal cavities open to epimera. Mesepisternum triangular, with rounded base and smooth surface. Metasternum (Figs 15–16) planar, about twice as long as mesosternum, with longitudinal median sulcus. Metepisternum (Figs 15–16) narrow with glabrous surface.

Elytra slightly convex (Figs 20–21), subplanar, without granules, with slight central-basal elevation, subparallel on outer margins and about 3.5 to 5.0 times as long as prothorax; as wide as or wider than prothorax on the base, gradually narrowing toward apices; moderately dense coarse punctures from base or apex of scutellum to apical third. Humeri rounded and slightly prominent.

Fore legs (Figs 23–26) slightly longer than hind legs. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded; procoxae more prominent. Trochanter (Figs. 24, 32) with one long brown seta. Profemora (Fig. 24) clavate and more swollen than others. Mesofemora (Fig. 28) with short peduncle. Metafemora (Fig. 32) with elongate peduncle. Tibiae linear (Figs 23, 27, 31); spurs short, subequal in length. Tibiae and femora subequal in length. Mesotibiae (Fig. 27) with oblique sulcus. Tarsi short (Figs 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34) with long, erect setae. First segment of metatarsus about 1/3 longer than second; fifth almost as long as others combined.

First urosternite (Figs 36, 43) 1/3 longer than next; urosternites 2–4 subequal in length; urosternite 5 little longer than 4. Fifth urosternite with long black erect setae near apical margin. Females (Figs 43, 87) with narrow longitudinal glabrous and smooth band on basal third of fifth urosternite; males (Figs 36, 87), with continuous pilosity.

Comments. Bates (1861) defined the subgenus Oreodera (Anoreina) by the elytra being somewhat convex. Subsequently, only two works mentioned Anoreina characters: Julio & Monné (2005) when describing Trichoanoreina and Martins & Galileo (2008) when describing Pyrianoreina .

Julio & Monné (2005) highlighted several characteristics which Trichoanoreina and Anoreina had in common: the prothorax with discrete lateral prominence; pronotum planar on the disc; elytra subplanar with a slight centralbasal elevation and subparallel at the outer margins; femora clavate, profemora without a peduncle, mesofemora with a straight, short peduncle and metafemora with a curved, elongate peduncle. The authors also emphasized several characteristics that differed from Trichoanoreina and Anoreina : long, erect setae covering most of the body surface; antennae in males exceeding elytral apices by four antennomeres; prothorax margins with deep and coarse punctuation; metasternum with an anterior “U” shaped depression in the center; elytral surface with dense, deep and coarse punctation. In Anoreina , only the inner side of the basal antennomeres have long erect setae; the antennae in males exceed the elytral apices by at least five antennomeres; the punctation of the prothorax margins is thin and sparse; the metasternum is planar; and the elytral disc punctation is thin and sparse (if coarse and deep, restricted to the basal half).

Martins & Galileo (2008) mentioned in their key to genera that Anoreina presented femora and tibiae without long setae, only with decumbent pubescence which differentiated it from Trichoanoreina and Pyrianoreina which both have long setae. Trichoanoreina is characterized by having a “U” shaped depression on the anterior intercoxal process of metasternum which is absent in Pyrianoreina .

Of the various features outlined by Julio & Monné (2005) for Anoreina , only the ones related to antennal length and the prothorax margin punctation are not characteristic of the genus. Anoreina can be differentiated from Oreodera ( Figs. 102 , 106–110 ), Trichoanoreina ( Figs 104–105 ) and Pyrianoreina ( Fig. 103 ) by the following characteristics: antennae in males exceeding elytral apices at antennomeres 6 or 7 and in females, at antennomere 8; prothorax with discrete lateral prominence; pronotum planar, without tubercles; metasternum planar; elytra slightly convex, without granules and elytral disc punctation thin and sparse and, if coarse and deep, restricted to the basal half; femora and tibiae without long setae; profemora without peduncle.

When Martins & Galileo (2005; 2008) described those species, they indicated that the elytral pubescence was a main characteristic to differentiate among them. In fact, it is possible to observe certain uniformity in the external morphology of the species being easily identifiable through the elytral pubescence. With detailed morphological study, it was possible to obtain other characteristics that assist in the differentiation among the species, such as: the integument coloration, the length of the lower eye lobe, the aspect and punctation of the anterior margin of the pronotum, the elytral apex, and the male terminalia.

In Anoreina , we examined male and/or female terminalia of the following species: A. nana (male and female), A. piara (female), A. triangularis (male and female) and A. helenae (male and female), and considered the data insufficient to be included in the redescription of the genus.

We observed a uniformity in female terminalia that also occurs in Oreodera glauca glauca (Figs 74–75) and O. simplex ( Figs 82, 83 ), for example: sternite 8 (Figs 45, 48, 51, 66) rectangular, with an elongate apophysis, segment 8 (Figs 44, 47, 50, 65) has apodemes like two large plates, the ovipositor (Figs 46, 49, 52, 67) is long and the distal section has narrow and elongate coxites and cylindrical styli apically inserted, the spermathecal complex presents two sclerotized plates between the common oviduct and the bursa copulatrix, the spermathecal duct is short. A single characteristic, found only in Anoreina species, is the bursa copulatrix (Figs 46, 49, 52, 67) rounded at the end and in Oreodera species, cylindrical (Figs 75, 83).

The male terminalia, otherwise, differs greatly between species and can be used to separate them. In Anoreina species, the tegmen (Figs 39, 55, 61) has the ring piece elongate, the lateral arms fused apically and divided into lobes, and the apex truncate. The similarities with O. glauca glauca (Figs 70–73) and O. simplex ( Figs 78, 81 ) are: the ventral arc fork-shaped with curved apex and the median lobe curved.

Analyzing the SEM micrographs of urosternite 5 of A. nana ( Fig. 87 ), we note that the sexual dimorphism is just a longitudinal, narrow, smooth and glabrous band on the basal third, which is present in females and absent in males. However, in A. piara , there is a well-demarcated sulcus ( Fig. 88 ). Until now, the same area for all species, was treated by us and previous authors ( Julio & Monné, 2005; Machado & Monné, 2009) as a sulcus.

Figures

FIGURE 87. Anoreina nana. Urosternite 5. A. General view of female sternite, arrow indicating longitudinal, smooth and glabrous band; B. Detail of the band; C. General view of male sternite; D. Detail of the correspondent region in male. Scale: A. 60 x / 200 µm; B. 500 x / 50 µm; C. 65 x / 200 µm; D. 220 x / 100 µm.

FIGURE 88. Anoreina piara. Female urosternite 5. A. General view of female sternite, arrow indicating sulcus; B. Detail of sulcus. Scale: A. 50 x; B. 80 x.

FIGURES 102 – 105. 102, Oreodera glauca glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) male; 103, Pyrianoreina piranga Martins & Galileo, 2008 holotype male; 104, Trichoanoreina albomaculata Julio & Monné, 2005, holotype male, lateral habitus; 105, dorsal habitus.

FIGURES 106 – 110. 106, Anoreina pinimaiuba Martins & Galileo, 2008 holotype male; 107, paratype female; 108 – 110, Oreodera simplex Bates, 1861.

FIGURES 76 – 83. Male terminalia, Oreodera simplex, 76, tergite 8; 77, sternite 8; 78, tegmen; 79, ventral arc; 80 – 81, median lobe dorsal, lateral. Female terminalia, 82 sternite 8; 83, spermathecal complex.