Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny, 1826)

Stojanović, Mirjana & Milutinović, Tanja, 2013, Checklist of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Montenegro: Diversity and biogeographical review, Zootaxa 3710 (2), pp. 147-164 : 155-156

Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny, 1826)

Enterion tetraedrum Savigny, 1826: 184.

Eiseniella tetraedra f. typica: Šapkarev 1972: 77.

Eiseniella tetraedra tetraedra: Šapkarev 1975: 27 . Šapkarev 1978: 297. Karaman & Stojanović 1995: 139–141. Stojanović & Karaman 2003: 58.

Eiseniella tetraedra hercynia: Šapkarev 1975: 27 . Šapkarev 1978: 297. Karaman & Stojanović 1995: 139–141. Stojanović & Karaman 2003: 58.

Eiseniella tetraedra tetraedra: Mršić 1990: 75 . Mršić 1991: 514.

Eiseniella tetraedra: Csuzdi & Zicsi 2003: 153 (for complete synonymy).

Ecology. Amphibiotic epigeic species (Szederjesi 2013) found in moist soil and under stones in streams and river banks (Milutinović et al. 2010).

Distribution in Montenegro. Northern Montenegro: water-spring below Valovito Jezero (Mršić 1983), Morača (Šapkarev 1972, 1975), Modro jezero (Mršić 1990); southern Montenegro: Virpazar, Kukovičak, Kotor, Titograd, Ribnica (Šapkarev 1975; Mršić 1991); eastern Montenegro: Vuča planina (Mršić 1991).

Zoogeographical distribution type. A widely introduced peregrine species, native to the Palearctic (Csuzdi & Zicsi 2003).

Remarks. Eiseniella tetraedra is a species with different parthenogenetic forms which have been described as varieties or subspecies (Csuzdi & Zicsi 2003). Eis. tetraedra tetraedra , Eis. tetraedra intermedia Černosvitov, 1934 and Eis. tetraedra hercynia (Michelsen, 1890) have been regarded as subspecies due to the position of the male pores on the 13th, 14th, and 15th segment, respectively (Šapkarev 1978; Mršić 1991), but these subspecies were rejected by Csuzdi & Zicsi (2003) because no other differences could be observed.

Genus Helodrilus Hoffmeister 1845