Scutellera nepalensis nepalensis (Westwood, 1837)

Rédei, Dávid & Tsai, Jing-Fu, 2022, A revision of Scutellera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), Zootaxa 5092 (1), pp. 1-40 : 13-15

Scutellera nepalensis nepalensis (Westwood, 1837)

( Figs. 1–3 )

Cimex fasciatus Panzer, 1798: 108 . Syntype (s): unknown locality; lost ( Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 200). Junior secondary homonym of Acanthia fasciata Fabricius, 1787 (junior synonym of Cimex (now Anthocoris ) nemorum Linnaeus, 1761, Anthocoridae ); permanently invalid ( ICZN 1999, Art. 59.3).

Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837: 4 , 14. Syntype (s): ♂, Nepalia [= Nepal]; OXUM! Synonymized by Dallas (1851: 19) and Distant (1900: 822) with fasciata .

Calliphara nepalensis: Germar (1839: 123) (reproduction of original description, distribution).

Scutellera nepalensis: Vollenhoven (1863: 12) (diagnostic characters), Dolling et al. (1999: 7) (nomenclature).

Calliphara fasciata [referring to both subspecies]: Herrich-Schäffer (1853: 30) (listed, distribution).

Scutellera fasciata [partly referring to both subspecies]: Dallas (1851: 19) (records), Dohrn (1859: 2) (catalogue, distribution), Walker (1867: 15) (records), Stål (1873: 14) (listed, distribution, variability), Atkinson (1884: 165) (distribution), Atkinson (1887: 162) (redescription, distribution), Lethierry & Severin (1893: 21) (catalogue, distribution), Distant (1900: 822) (listed, synonymy), Distant (1902: 50) (redescription, habitus, figures, variability, distribution), Schouteden (1904: 23) (catalogue, distribution), Esaki (1926: 144) (records, distribution), Hoffmann (1932b: 141) (record), Hoffmann (1935: 30, 163, 181) (catalogue, distribution), Tang (1935: 281) (catalogue, distribution), Chandra (1953: 100) (record), Hsiao & Cheng (1977: 61) (in key, redescription, figure, photo, distribution), Chen (1982: 133) (listed), Zhang et al. (1983: 48) (distribution), Chen et al. (1985: 46) (distribution), Datta et al. (1985: 20) (redescription, figure, distribution), Jiang (1985: 56) (distribution, host plant), Zhang et al. (1987: 117) (in key, host plant, distribution), Hua (1989: 43) (listed), Li et al. (1989: 38) (listed), Chen (1990: 152) (listed), Zhang & Lin (1992: 110) (record, distribution), Yang (1993: 211) (listed), Zhang et al. (1994: 65) (distribution), Xiong (1995: 21) (redescription, habitus, host plant, distribution), Chen (1998: 182) (distribution), Lin et al. (1999: 46) (redescription, distribution, host plants), Hua (2000: 169) (listed, distribution, host plant), Tsai et al. (2004: 795) (listed), Ghosh (2008: 418) (diagnostic characters), Wang et al. (2012: 108) (photo), Yiu & Yip (2012: 201) (redescription, photos of adult and larva).

Scutella [inadvertent error] fasciata: Zhang (1985: 42) (distribution), Zhang (1986: 74) (distribution), Zhang et al. (1986: 69) (distribution).

Scutellera amethystina [referring to both subspecies]: Kirkaldy (1909: 303) (catalogue, distribution), Kirkaldy (1910: 110) (listed), Hoffmann (1932a: 10) (listed), Wu (1933: 230) (catalogue, distribution), Yang (1934: 256) (diagnosis, figures, variability, records, distribution), Stichel (1961: 728) (catalogue, distribution), Stichel (1962: 208) (catalogue, distribution), Yang (1962: 23, 28) (in key, redescription, habitus, host plant, distribution), Sienkiewicz (1964: 114) (record), Miyamoto (1965: 227) (record, distribution, host plant), Li et al. (1989: 38) (listed), Yang (1993: 211) (listed), Dolling et al. (1999: 33) (nomenclature), Javahery et al. (2000: 491) (host plant, economic importance), Liu & Tseng (2005: 77) (diagnosis, photo, host plant, behaviour), Göllner-Scheiding (2006: 200) (catalogue, distribution), Shao et al. (2008: 504) (listed), Kanai (2010: [1]) (record, colour photo, host plant, distribution), Shao et al. (2010: 514) (listed), Kanai & Sameshima (2011: 51) (diagnosis, photos of adult, egg and larvae, host plant, reproduction, Tsai et al. (2011: 63, 153) (redescription, diagnostic characters, photos, figures, host plants, economic importance, records, distribution), Takai & Ishikawa (2012: 461) (photo, host plants, record, distribution), Enju (2013: 290) (diagnosis, photo, distribution, habitat, host plant), Kanai (2013: 2) (photo, distribution, bionomics), Sameshima (2013: 23) (photos of adults, egg batch and all larval instars,distribution, bionomics, oviposition, larval development), Zheng & Lin (2013: 131) (redescription, photos, host plants, distribution), Parveen et al. (2014: 251) (listed), Czaja (2016: 622, 637) (record, spermatheca, figure), Ishikawa (2016: 492) (catalogue, distribution).

Diagnosis. Differs from S. nepalensis amethystina in the blue-green ground colour of the body.

Distribution. This subspecies is distributed in Indo-China and westwards it extends to the southern slopes of the Central Himalaya ( Fig. 72 ), but apparently it does not occur west of the Ghaghara (= Karnali) River. Its mass occurrence was recently observed in the Ryūkyū Archipelago (Okinawa Is.: 2006, Amami-Ōshima Is., Kakeromajima, Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu Is., Takarajima: 2010, Kikai Is.: 2012) ( Kanai 2010, 2013, Kanai & Sameshima 2011) where it arrived either via natural spread or human transport. A specimen was seen from Luzon; it probably also represents a migrating individual, the presence of stable populations in the Philippines is unlikely.

The records from Pakistan (e.g. Ahmad & Moizuddin 1978, Ahmad et al. 1979) are based on misidentifications and pertain to S. perplexa ; specimens of S. perplexa , misidentified by I. Ahmad and A.A. Khan as S. fasciata , have been examined (SDEI, USNM). The record from Belgaum, Karnataka, India ( Distant 1902) is apparently based on misidentification too, a female from this locality deposited in BMNH pertains to S. perplexa . The single record from Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) ( Hoffmann 1935) is also considered erroneous. The record from Yanyuan, Sichuan, China ( Zhang & Lin 1992) is apparently based on misidentification as well, we have seen a voucher specimen (IZAS) from the same locality pertaining to S. perplexa . Hua (2000) listed it from Henan, China, but the source of this information is unclear and occurrence of this species so far north is unlikely.

INDIA. West Bengal!; Sikkim!; Assam!— NEPAL!— BURMA ( MYANMAR). Shan State!; Mandalay: Zibingyi ( Chandra 1953); Bago: Pegu [= Bago] ( Distant 1902).— THAILAND. Chiang Mai Prov.!; Mae Hong Son Prov.!; Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov.!— CHINA. Yunnan: Longling!, Ruili, Xishuangbanna: Menglong ( Yang 1962, Hsiao & Cheng 1977), Guangnan ( Jiang 1985); Guangxi!; Hainan: Jianfengling!, Nodoa [= Nada] ( Hoffmann 1932b); Guangdong!; Fujian: Fuzhou!, Zhangzhou ( Chen et al. 1985, Lin et al. 1999); Hong Kong!; Macau ( Hoffmann 1935).— JAPAN. Tokara Islands: Takara Is. (introduced?) ( Kanai & Sameshima 2011, Sameshima 2013, Ishikawa 2016); Amami Islands: Amami-Ōshima Is.; Kakeromajima Is.; Tokunoshima Is., Okinoerabu Is., Kikai Is. (introduced?) ( Kanai & Sameshima 2011, Takai & Ishikawa 2012, Kanai 2013, Sameshima 2013, Ishikawa 2016); Ryūkyū Islands: Okinawa Is.! (introduced?); Yaeyama Islands: Ishigaki Is.! (introduced?).— TAIWAN (several localities were listed by Tsai et al. 2011).— LAOS. Luang Namtha Prov.!; Hua Phan Prov.!— VIETNAM. Lao Cai Prov.!; Hòa Bình Prov.!— PHILIPPINES. Luzon: Los Baños!

Type material examined. Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837 . Lectotype (present designation): ♂, “Type” [c with red margin], “ Nepal ” [hw], “ nepalensis Hope ” [hw], “ Scutellera \ fasciata \ Panz.” [hw], “TYPE. \ = = \ WESTW. (HOPE) \ C. Hemipt. 1837 \ Part I, page [pr] 14. [hw] \ Distant, P.Z.S. \ 1900, p. 807-825.” [with dark red margin], “TYPE HEM.: No 28 [hw] \ CALLIDEA [hw] \ OBTUSA [hw] \ WESTWOOD [hw] \ HOPE DEPT. OXFORD [pr]” [with black margin]; pinned, left antenna, right flagellum, segment III of right fore leg, and right hind leg lacking, right side of abdominal ventrites IV–VI badly damaged ( OXUM) ( Figs. 1–4 ).

Additional specimens examined. JAPAN. Ryūkyū Islands : Okinawa Is.: Yaeshima Park , 23.ix.2008, leg. M. Sugimoto (6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NSMT) , On’na-son, 9.ix.2006, leg. M. Matsuba (1 ♀ NSMT) ; Yaeyama Islands : Ishigaki Is. : vii.1923, leg. S. Hirayama (1 ♂ SEHU, labelled as type of “ Lamprocoris honshana n.” [unpublished name] by S. Matsumura) .— INDIA. West Bengal: Dardjiling [= Darjeeling], leg. A. Desgodius, coll. R. Oberthür 1900 (1 ♂ MNHN) , Gopaldhara , 4.vii.1916, H. Stevens, B.M.1922-307 (1 ♀ BMNH) , same locality, 4720 ft., [19]14, H. Stevens, B.M.1922-307 (1 ♀ BMNH) , Gopaldhara, Rungbong [= Rangbhang] Valley, H. Stevens, B.M. 1922-307 (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ BMNH) , Darjeeling, Nurbong , 2050 ft., [19]14, H. Stevens, B.M.1922-307 (1 ♀ BMNH) , Nurbong , leg. W.R. Webb, coll. Stevens, B.M. 1922-307 (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ BMNH) ; Sikkim: coll. Noualhier (1 ♀ MNHN) , coll. Christie (1 ♂ ZSMC) ; Assam: 5 km N of Umrongso , 25º27’N 92º43’E, 700 m, 21.v.1999, leg. L. Dembický & P. Pacholátko (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NHMW) , Assam (1 ♀ BMNH) .— NEPAL. Gandaki Distr., Gorkha , 600–1500 m, 1.vi.1999, leg. Z.Andrš (1 ♂ MMBC) , Bagmati Distr., Tris [h]uli, Bazar-Samri , Bhanjyang , 8.vi.1993, leg. J. & J. Probst (1 ♀ NHMW) , Tamba Kosi Tal [= T~ K~ valley], 1000–1400 m, 30.iii.1964, leg. W. Dierl (1 ♀ NMPC) .— BURMA ( MYANMAR). Shan State: Kalaw (1 ♂ 1 ♀ RMNH) .— THAILAND. Chiang Mai Prov.: 56 km NW of Chiang Mai , 7–14.vi.1995, leg. M. Snížek (1 ♀ ZJPC) ; Mae Hong Son Prov.: Ban Huai Po , 5.v.1991, leg. J. Horák (1 ♀ NMPC) , same locality, 1–5.v.1992, leg. J. Strnad (1 ♀ NMPC) , same locality, 1600 m, 8–17.v.1992, leg. S. Bílý (1 ♂ NMPC) , same but 15–19.v.1996 (1 ♀ NMPC) , same locality, 1600–2000 m, 8–18.v.1992, leg. J. Horák (1 ♂ NMPC) , Ban Si Lang env., near Mae Hong Son , 1200 m, 23–31.v.1991, leg. J. Horák (1 ♂ ZJPC) ; Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov.: Hua Hin , 19.v.2011, leg. S. Ohmomo (1 ♀ NMNS) .— CHINA. Yunnan: Longling , 25.v.1964, leg. Y.H. Chen (1 ♀ SYSU) ; Guangxi: [Longzhou], Longjin, Mt. Daqing , 1200 m, 18.ix.1958, leg. D.X. Gu (1 ♀ SYSU) , Shang’en, Zhongnan Township , 200 m, 10.xi.1958 (1 ♀? lacking terminalia SYSU) ; Hainan: Jianfengling , 1.xii.1980, leg. M.B. Gu (1 ♀ NKUM) ; Guangdong: Gaoyao, Dinghu , 12.x.[19]74, leg. Z.Y. Chen (1 ♀ SYSU) , Canton [= Guangzhou], xii.1924, coll. J. Duchaine 1927 (1 ♂ MNHN) , Canton [= Guangzhou], Honam Is., P’an-yu Distr. [now Haizhu Distr.], 19.xii.1939 (1 ♂ SYSU) , same but 1–7.ii.1948 (1 ♀ NKUM) , [Guangzhou,] Lingnan Campus [now Sun Yat-Sen University campus], 25.iii.[19]37, leg. W. Ching (1 ♀ SYSU) ; Fujian: Foochow [= Fuzhou], 1935–1936, leg. M.S. Yang, coll. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, B.M. 1948-548 (3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ BMNH) ; Hong Kong: ii–iv.[18]94, leg. J.J. Walker (1 ♀ BMNH) .— TAIWAN. Pingtung County: Bozan [= Fangshan], 30.vi.1925, leg. J. Sonan (1 ♂ SEHU, labelled as type of “ Lamprocoris bozanensis n.” [unpublished name] by S. Matsumura); several additional localities were listed by Tsai et al. (2011) .— LAOS. Luang Namtha Prov.: Pou Lan , 13.v.1918, R. Vitalis de Salvaza, B.M.1918-1 (1 ♂ BMNH) ; Huaphanh Prov.: Ban Saluei [= B~ Saleui] → Phou Pane Mt [s]., 20°12– 13.5’N 103°59.5’–104°01’E, 1340–1870 m, 15.iv.–15.v.2008, primary mountain forest, individual collecting, Lao collector (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NMPC) , Phu Phan [= Phou Pane] Mts. , 20º12’N 104º01’E, 1500–1900 m, 17.v–3.vi.2007, leg. V. Kubáň (1 ♀ MMBC) .— VIETNAM. Lao Cai Prov.: Sa Pa, Đèo Trạm Tôn , 31.v.1999, leg. S. Nomura (1 ♂ NSMT) ; Hòa Bình Prov.: Hoa-Binh [= Hòa Bình], viii.[19]40, coll. A. de Cooman (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ MNHN > IZAS), same locality, coll. A. de Cooman 1927 (1 ♀ MNHN) .— PHILIPPINES. Luzon: Los Baños , leg. Baker (1 ♀ USNM) .

Figures

FIGURES 1–10. Lectotypes of Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837, Callidea spilogastra Walker, 1867, and Scutellera brevirostris Breddin, 1909, with their labels. Figs. 1, T. nepalensis, dorsal view; Fig. 2, same, lateral view; Fig. 3, same, ventral view; Fig. 4, same, labels; Fig. 5, C. spilogastra, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, ventral view; Fig. 7, same, labels; Fig. 8, S. brevirostris, dorsal view; Fig. 9, same, ventral view; Fig. 10, same, labels. Scales in mm. © OXUM (Figs. 1–4), © BMNH (Figs. 5–7), © SDEI (Figs. 8–10).

FIGURES 71–72. Geographical distribution of Scutellera spp. Fig. 71: S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Fig. 72: Circles = S. nepalensis nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); squares = S. nepalensis amethystina (Germar, 1839); triangles = S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Solid markers represent specimens examined during the present study, empty markers unverified literature data.