Citrogramma citrinum, (BRUNETTI, 1923)

Mengual, Ximo, 2012, The flower fly genus Citrogramma Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae): illustrated revision with descriptions of new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1), pp. 99-172 : 134-135

CITROGRAMMA CITRINUM ( BRUNETTI, 1923)

Xanthogramma citrinum Brunetti, 1923: 95 . Holotype: ♂, NZSI, by original designation. Type locality: India: Mangaldai. Brunetti, 1923: 95, fig. 20; Shiraki, 1930: 405, 408; Nayar & Nayar, 1965: 241; Biswas et al., 1975: 25.

Olbiosyrphus citrinus of Hervé-Bazin, 1923b: 290, 1926: 67; Frey, 1946: 163.

Syrphus citrinum of Curran, 1928: 198, 214, 1931a: 313, 319, 1942: 6.

Citrogramma citrinum of Knutson et al.,1975: 311 (in part is C. henryi ); Kapoor et al., 1979: 52; Wyatt, 1991: 158, 163, fig. 13; Sun, 1992: 136; Ghorpadé, 1994: 9; Mitra et al., 2008: 3; Yang et al., 1998: 1106.

Geographical distribution: China, Thailand, India, Malay Peninsula (Pahang, Perak).

Differential diagnosis: Species with face entirely yellow ( Fig. 87 ), posterior anepisternum black anteriorly ( Fig. 88 ), scutellum with a diffused brownish macula ( Fig. 85 ) and metafemur yellow on basal third to half. Citrogramma citrinum is similar to C. chola , whose males have the frontal triangle narrow with an angle between eyes under 90°. The differences from C. chola are that C. citrinum has notopleuron entirely yellow pilose and anepimeron black. Males of C. citrinum have frontal triangle with a medial brownish orange macula ( Fig. 87 ), abdominal tergum 3 with a yellow fascia with subparallel margins and slightly emarginate posteriorly, and tergum 4 with a yellow fascia with subparallel posterior margin to posterior tergal margin ( Fig. 85 ). Females of C. citrinum have lunule yellow ( Fig. 86 ), frons yellow medially and tergum 4 with a yellow fascia slightly widening to lateral margins; whereas females of C. chola have frons yellow with an anteromedial dark triangular macula and lunule dark ( Fig. 82 ).

Remarks: Only one female specimen was studied from Larut Hills, Perak, Malaysia. Brunetti (1923) described the female of C. citrinum based on two specimens: ‘Ghumti, Darjiling District, 4000 ft., vii.1911, type ♀ (Gravely)’ and ‘Sidapur, Coorg, S. India, 8000 ft., 15.iii.1917 ’. The main difference with the male individuals was the pleuron pattern, entirely yellow with katepisternum black ventrally. Wyatt (1991) suggested that males and females were wrongly associated in the original description and that Brunetti based his species in two different taxa. The studied female has pleuron mostly yellow except posterior anepisternum black on anterior third and katepisternum black medial and ventrally. The female of C. citrinum is very similar to females of C. chola and it also has black hairs on posterolateral notopleuron (males of C. citrinum do not). Another difference between these females is that C. citrinum has anterior anepimeron black pilose but C. chola has anepimeron entirely yellow pilose. See also remarks under C. chola .

Brunetti (1923) cited a male from Janakmukh (Abor Expedition) from the Zoological Survey of India (NZSI), and considered it probably to be a distinct species with a medial black facial vitta and metaleg entirely black. Wyatt (1991) did not contradict this possibility, and I think it is likely to be true and that this specimen could key out to Citrogramma marissa Mengual sp. nov.

Sun (1992) and Yang et al. (1998) cited C. citrinum from Yunnan, Fujian, and Sichuan provinces of China. I have not studied any specimen of C. citrinum from China.

Keiser (1958) studied Citrogramma specimens from several localities of Sri Lanka that he identified as X. citrinum . These specimens must be C. henryi Ghorpadé, 1994 (K. Ghorpadé pers. comm.) because it is the only studied species that occurs on that island. Similarly, Vockeroth (1969) cited C. citrinum from Sri Lanka, and figured the male genitalia. Although not major differences in male genitalia are present between these species, the male genitalia in Vockeroth (1969: fig. 57) are that of C. henryi because he only studied material of ‘ C. citrinum ’ from Sri Lanka, and no other Citrogramma species is known from that island.

Brunetti (1923: 97) based his species on a series of three males and two females in the Indian Museum ( NZSI, Calcutta , West Bengal, India) and one male in the Pusa collection ( IARI, New Delhi, India). Brunetti also mentioned the following information about the holotype and allotype: ‘ Mangaldai , Assam – Bhutan Frontier , 26.xii.1910, type ♂ ( Kemp )’ and ‘ Ghumti, Darjiling District, 4000 ft., vii.1911, type ♀ (Gravely)’. Original type material was not available for the present study .

Holotype male deposited in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India (Calcutta, India) and labelled: ‘ Assam – Bhutan Frontier/ Mangaldai dist., N.E., 26.xii.10/S.W. Kemp’ ‘ Xantho . citrina/Brun Type ♂ ’ ‘TYPE’ ‘2286/H2’ ‘ Xantho . citrinum Brun /Type ♂ /det. Brun. 1923 ’ ‘ Citrogramma citrinum (Brunetti) /K.D. Ghorpade det.1981’.

Type locality: India: Assam State, Darrang District, Mangaldai (also spelt as Mangaldoi), 26°25′N, 90°00′E .

Material examined: Nontype material. MALAYSIA: Perak F.M. S., Larut Hills , 3700–4500 ft, 12.ii.1932, H.M. Pendlebury [1♂, USNM; 3♂, AMNH];..., 13.ii.1932,... [2♂, AMNH];..., 14.ii.1932,... [2♂, AMNH];..., 17.ii.1932,... [3♂, USNM; 1♀, AMNH] ; Perak, Taiping , Gunung Hijau, 1430 m, H. Bänzinger [3♂, BMNH] ; Pahang, Fraser’s Hill , 27.x– 3.xi.1977, B. Bendell [7♂, CNC];..., 4200ft, 14.vii.1936, H.M. Pendlebury [4♂, BMNH];..., 3300ft, 30.ix.1932,... [1♂, BMNH] ; Pahang, F.M.S. Cameron’s Highlands , Rhododendron Hill , 22.vi.1923, H.M. Pendlebury [1♂, BMNH; 1♂, AMNH];..., 5200 ft, 18.vi.1923,... [1♂, BMNH] ; THAILAND: Chiang Mai, 20.x.1920, F.4558 acc:22628 [2♂, AMNH] ; CHINA: Hainan, Ledong County, jianfengling, 16.xi.2006, Ke-Ke Huo [1♂, SBSC] (Huo, unpubl. data) ; Hainan, Wuzhishan City, Shuiman Town , 23–25.v.2007, Yi-Bi Ba & Jun-Tong Lang [1♂, SBSC] (Huo, unpubl. data) .

Figures

Figures 76–87. 76–77, Citrogramma clarum: 76, dorsal view of male abdomen; 77, dorsal view of female abdomen. 78, Citrogramma shirakii, dorsal view of male abdomen. 79, Citrogramma frederici, dorsal view of male abdomen. 80–84, Citrogramma chola: 80, lateral view of male head and pleuron; 81, dorsal view of male head; 82, dorsal view of female head; 83, dorsal view of male abdomen; 84, dorsal view of female abdomen. 85-87, Citrogramma citrinum: 85, dorsal view of male abdomen; 86, dorsal view of female head; 87, dorsal view of male head.

Figures 88–99. 88–89, Citrogramma citrinum: 88, lateral view of male head and pleuron; 89, dorsal view of female abdomen. 90, Citrogramma citrinoides, dorsal view of male abdomen. 91–92, Citrogramma henryi: 91, dorsal view of male abdomen; 92, dorsal view of female abdomen. 93, Citrogramma variscutatum, dorsal view of male abdomen. 94, C. citrinoides, frontal view of male head. 95, Citrogramma currani, dorsal view of male head. 96, C. variscutatum, lateral view of male head. 97, C. currani, anterodorsal view of female head. 98, C. henryi, lateral view of male head. 99, C. currani, lateral view of female head.