Citrogramma fumipenne

Mengual, Ximo, 2012, The flower fly genus Citrogramma Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae): illustrated revision with descriptions of new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1), pp. 99-172 : 142-143

CITROGRAMMA FUMIPENNE ( MATSUMURA, 1916) COMB. NOV.

Xanthogramma fumipenne Matsumura, 1916: 29 . Holotype: ♂, NIAS, by monotypy. Type location: Taiwan: Horisha. Matsumura, 1916: 29, fig. 20; Shiraki, 1930: 402, 408 (in part).

Xanthogramma fumipennis of Matsumura, 1916: 28; Knutson et al., 1975: 320.

Description

Male: Head: Face with facial tubercle, gradually sloping dorsally, more abrupt ventrally, entirely yellow, black/dark brown pilose dorsally and laterally, yellow pilose on medial and ventral sections; gena yellow, dark pilose on genal suture; lunule yellow; holoptic; frontal triangle yellowish orange, black pilose; angle between eyes approximately 90°; vertical triangle black, black pilose; ocelli reddish; antenna: only scape remains, which is brown, black pilose; occiput black, silver pollinose, yellowish pilose on ventral two thirds, dark pilose on dorsal third.

Thorax: Scutum black, with lateral yellow vitta, mainly yellow pilose with black hairs more abundant on posterior quarter; postpronotum yellow; notopleuron yellow continuing until scutellum, yellow pilose; postalar callus yellow, black pilose; scutellum yellow, black pilose, with subscutellar fringe of black hairs. Pleuron mostly yellow, except katepisternum black with dorsal yellow macula, meron black, katatergum black posteriorly, anepimeron black except dorsomedial portion yellow, entirely yellow pilose; metasternum pilose; calypter yellow with long yellow hairs and short black hairs on margin; plumula yellow; halter yellow; spiracular fringes yellow.

Wing: Wing membrane brownish, entirely microtrichose. Alula microtrichose, broad, broader than cell BM.

Legs: Procoxa black on basal half, yellow on distal half; profemur and tibia yellow, black pilose; protarsus brown except probasitarsomere yellow basally; meso- and metacoxa black, meso- and metatrochanter dark; mesofemur and tibia yellow; metafemur yellow on basal two thirds, dark brown/black on distal third; metatibia dark brown; meso- and metatarsus dark brown, black pilose.

Abdomen: Figure 45 . Parallel-sided, terga 3 and 4 weakly margined. Dorsum mainly black, black pilose dorsally and laterally except tergum 1 yellow pilose laterally and tergum 2 yellow pilose laterally on anterobasal quarter; tergum 1 black; tergum 2 black with two mesolateral round yellow maculae, extended forward laterally to anterolateral tergal margin (like ‘golf club’-shaped spots), yellow lateral margin on anterior quarter; terga 3 and 4 black with broad yellow fascia with anterior margin slightly sinuate; tergum 5 black with broad yellow fascia broadened laterally, lateral margin almost entirely yellow; sterna yellow, black pilose; male genitalia small, as in Figures 127 and 130 .

Female: Unknown.

Length (N = 1): Body, 11.7 mm; wing, 10.4 mm.

Geographical distribution: Taiwan.

Differential diagnosis: Species with entire yellow face, anepisternum yellow and anepimeron black. Similar to C. luteifrons , from which differs by having metafemur yellow on basal two thirds and by the different abdominal pattern and geographical distribution.

Remarks: Matsumura described X. fumipenne based on a single male from Horisha, Taiwan (Formosa), within his work on the economic Syrphidae of Japan ( Matsumura & Adachi, 1916). This species is here transferred to the genus Citrogramma based on morphological characters (head characters, scutellar fringe, and pilose metasternum). Shiraki (1930) redescribed this species and added more specimens from different localities in Taiwan, such as Karenko, Rakuraku, and Taikan, under the name X. fumipenne , and also described the female.

Amongst the examined material from the island of Taiwan (Formosa), I have found three different species, C. fumipenne comb. nov., C. shirakii sp. nov., and C. matsumurai sp. nov. Citrogramma fumipenne is retained for the original male studied by Matsumura, labelled ‘Formosa, Matsumura’, ‘Xanth. fumipenne, Type Matsumura’. This male has a third round label ‘Type’ that is the same as what Shiraki used for his types. The other two species are based on material identified by Shiraki as X. fumipenne . Citrogramma shirakii sp. nov. is based on a male from Karenko with very large genitalia, distinct from C. fumipenne , and anepisternum anteriorly black. In his redescription of X. fumipenne, Shiraki mentioned that the male had ‘hypopygium relatively very large, prominent, rounded... with extremely long hairs’, but these genitalia characters correspond to C. shirakii Mengual sp. nov.

The female from Taikan that Shiraki (1930: 409) described as C. fumipenne is a different taxon, C. matsumurai Mengual sp. nov. It also has the round ‘Type’ label he used for type material. This female is quite different from the male, with a lateral broad yellow vitta on scutum and anepimeron entirely yellow, but this sexual dimorphism has been seen in other species, such as C. luteifrons . The size of the specimen was also indicative (the female is larger than the male of C. fumipenne ), but this was not conclusive to separate them as two different taxa. Finally, when another male from Taiwan (deposited at MCZ) was studied, I realised that this new male and the female identified as C. fumipenne by Shiraki were the same species.

To clarify the morphology of this species, a re-description based on the holotype male of C. fumipenne is given.

Holotype male deposited in the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan) and labelled: ‘Formosa/Matsumura’ ‘ Xanth./ fumipenne /Type/Matsumura’ [first and second lines handwritten; third and fourth lines in the back of the label] ‘Type’ [handwritten in red by Shiraki] ‘ HOLOTYPE / Citrogramma / fumipenne /det. X. Mengual 20 09 ’ [red, second and third lines handwritten].

Type locality: Taiwan: Taiwan (= Central Formosa), Nantou Hsien (= Nantou County), Puli (= Horisha ), 23°59′N, 120°57′E. Although it is not specified in the type labels, Matsumura clarified that the type locality was Horisha in the original description .

Material examined: Type material. Holotype, as above.

Figures

Figures 39–50. 39–40, Citrogramma solomonense: 39, dorsal view of male abdomen; 40, dorsal view of female abdomen. 41, Citrogramma hervebazini, dorsal view of female abdomen. 42–44, Citrogramma quadricornutum: 42, dorsal view of male abdomen; 43, dorsal view of female abdomen; 44, dorsal view of male scutum and scutellum. 45, Citrogramma fumipenne, dorsal view of male abdomen. 46–49. Citrogramma luteifrons: 46, dorsal view of female head; 47, dorsal view of male abdomen; 48, lateral view of male pleuron and head; 49, dorsal view of female abdomen. 50, Citrogramma schlingeri, dorsal view of male head.

Figures 122–130. 122–123, Citrogramma frederici: 122, frontal view of female head; 123, dorsal view of female abdomen. 124–126, Citrogramma notiale species group: 124, lateral view of puparium; 125, dorsal view of puparium; 126, posterior view of posterior breathing tube and spiracular openings (detail). 127, Citrogramma citrinum, left lateral view of male genitalia. 128–129, Citrogramma henryi: 128, left lateral view of male genitalia; 129, tergum 9 and surstyli, dorsal view. 130, C. henryi (from Vockeroth, 1969 as C. citrinum): a, left lateral view; b, superior lobe, lateral, outline only; c, sternum 9, superior lobes and aedeagal base, ventral view.