Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853

Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, PLoS ONE 12 (7), pp. 1-65 : 22

Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853

Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853: 410 ; near Pind Dadan Khan, Salt Range , Punjab, PAKI- STAN (W. Theobold, Esq., collector; Type unknown) [ 126].

Common English name: Ashy Roundleaf Bat

Barcode Index Number: A DNA barcode ( BM 460-04) recorded as H. cf. cineraceus was collected in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia and associated with the BIN, BOLD: AAI 8259 ( Fig 4 ).

Remarks: Murray et al. [ 125] reported two forms of H. cineraceus sensu lato from Peninsular Malaysia. Aspecimen from Perak, Peninsular Malaysia had a large forearm (42.9 mm), echolocated at 152 kHz and showed a high divergence (9.2–15.1%) in ND2 mtDNA from other specimens; while a smaller specimen from Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (forearm = 39.3 mm) echolocated at 144 kHz and showed 10.4–12.2% divergence in ND2 mtDNA. This is congruent with Khan et al. [ 32] who discovered an average divergence of 8.7% in cytochrome b mtDNA among specimens of H. cineraceus sensu lato from Krau Wildlife Reserve.

Four BINs are associated with DNA barcodes named as H. cineraceus on BOLD ( Fig 4 ). Our NJ analysis ( Fig 4 ) did not cluster the DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (BOLD:AAI8259) with other DNA barcodes of H. cineraceus from Vietnam, Laos and Borneo but clustered the barcodes more closely to H. atrox (BOLD:ACE5015 and BOLD: ACE6229) from Peninsular Malaysia instead. According to Kingston et al. [ 11], H. cineraceus resembles H. bicolor / atrox closely but is distinct with a smaller body size and a slightly raised bump at the internarial septum. In addition, the average echolocation frequency for H. cineraceus is 144 kHz and for H. atrox is 142 kHz. Further analyses including more specimens from across the region are required to examine the status of the bats recorded as H. cineraceus in Peninsular Malaysia. Consequently, we tentatively retained the name in this checklist.

IUCN status: Least Concern

Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [ 11], Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [ 56], Jengka [ 100]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [ 23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [ 57]; Selangor: Ampang [ 23], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [ 51], Ulu Gombak [ 52]; Johor: Pulau Pisang [ 23], Labis Forest Reserve [ 100]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [ 46 – 48], Royal Belum State Park [ 48]; Kelantan: Gunung Reng and Gua Musang [ 62], Gunung Stong State Park [ 100]; Melaka: Unspecified [ 68]; Terengganu: Bukit Dendong [ 97].

H. cineraceus roosts in caves or similar structures such as culverts, often with other Hipposideros species [ 11, 14, 23].

Figures

Fig 4. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Hipposideridae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia,VN = Vietnam, BN = Borneo (including Sabah & Sarawak of East Malaysia, Brunei and Kalimantan Indonesia), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos, SM = Sumatera Indonesia, CH = China, CM = Cambodia. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g004