Pupisoma, Stoliczka, 1873

Hausdorf, Bernhard, 2007, Revision of the American Pupisoma species (Gastropoda: Pupilloidea), Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24), pp. 1481-1511 : 1489-1494

Pupisoma ( Pupisoma ?) comicolense H. B. Baker, 1928

( Figures 3–5, 7 )

Pupisoma comicolense Baker 1928, p 224 , Plate 15 Figures 4–7.

Pupisoma galapagorum Pilsbry 1934, p 114 , Plate 16 Figures 7–9 .

Pupisoma bailyi Pilsbry 1934, p 116 , Plate 24 Figure 15 .

Pupisoma latens Hylton Scott 1960, p 26 , Figures 3–6.

Pupisoma comicolense: Baker 1930, p 3 , Plate 7 Figures 1, 2.

Pupisoma galapagorum: Baker 1963, p 201 .

Ptychopatula bailyi: Schileyko 1998, p 96 , Figure 106.

Pupisoma mediamericanum: Pilsbry 1920, p 42 [partim, non Pilsbry 1920]; Baker 1930, p 4 [partim, non Pilsbry 1920].

Type material examined

Pupisoma comicolense Baker : paralectotypes: Mexico, Puebla: below Necaxa , 900 m alt., 20 ° 139N, 98 ° 009W ( ANSP 256464 ); Hidden Valley below Necaxa , 950 m alt. ( ANSP 256463 ) ; Salto Chico near Necaxa , 1160 m alt. ( ANSP 256462 ) .

Pupisoma bailyi Pilsbry : holotype: Mexico, Morelos: Cuernavaca , 18 ° 559N, 99 ° 159W ( ANSP 156099 ).

Pupisoma galapagorum Pilsbry : lectotype (design. Baker 1963, p 201): Ecuador, Galapagos: Isla San Cristóbal, Wreck Bay towards Progreso ( ANSP 152716 ).

Pupisoma latens Hylton Scott : paratype: Argentina, Córdoba : Cabana, 700 m alt., 31 ° 139S, 64 ° 229W ( SMF 171794 ).

Pupisoma mediamericanum Pilsbry : former paralectotype: Mexico, Veracruz-Llave : 150 m above Orizaba, 18 ° 519N, 97 ° 069W ( ANSP 28270 partim).

Other material examined

Mexico, Nuevo León: Cerro Peña Nevada , 1 km S of La Encantada , 2860 m alt., 23 ° 539480N, 99 ° 479580W ( FLMNH 226374 ) ; 13.5 km S of Zaragoza , 2070 m alt., 23 ° 569060N, 99 ° 439100W ( FLMNH 226404 ) ; 3 km ESE of La Cienega , 1720 m alt., 25 ° 229000N, 100 ° 139150W ( FLMNH 159195 partim) ; 2.5 km WNW of La Cienega , 1350 m alt., 25 ° 229340N, 100 ° 149550W ( FLMNH 159204 ) . Tamaulipas: 28 km WNW of Ocampo , 920 m alt., 22 ° 569010N, 99 ° 309520W ( FLMNH 200764 partim) . San Luis Potosı´: Ciudad Valles , 21 ° 599N, 99 ° 019W ( FLMNH 35461 ) ; 4 km W and 4 km S of Valle de San Francisco , 2630 m alt., 22 ° 049060N, 100 ° 389420W ( FLMNH 283833 partim) ; 5.5 km ESE of Valle de San Francisco , 1940 m alt. ( FLMNH 283978 partim) . Puebla: below Intake gorge near Necaxa , 800 m alt., 20 ° 139N, 98 ° 009W ( ANSP 256465 ) ; Oak valley above Necaxa , 1375 m alt. ( ANSP 256469 partim, voucher to Baker 1930) . Chiapas: 17 km NW of Teopisca , 2290 m alt., 16 ° 389320N, 92 ° 329160W ( FLMNH 190530 ) ; 2.3 km S of La Trinitaria , 1767 m alt., 16 ° N, 92 ° W ( FLMNH 35457 partim) ; 7.5 km N of Bochil , 1533 m alt., 17 ° N, 92 ° W ( FLMNH 35454 ) .

Honduras: Cerro Santa Barbara, ca 2 km N of Huatosa, 1450 m alt., 14 ° 529300N, 88 ° 089000W ( FLMNH 242786 partim); Cerro Santa Barbara, ridge above El Cedral , 2800 m alt., 14 ° 549550N, 88 ° 079350W ( FLMNH 242651 ); Magua Cave , 15 km SSW of Gualaco, 940 m alt., 14 ° 569300N, 86 ° 079300W ( FLMNH 194342 partim); 1 km NW of El Cedral, Cerro Santa Barbara, 1800 m alt., 14 ° 589N, 88 ° 019W ( FLMNH 221090 , 221093 ); Agalta National Park , 6 km NW of Catacamas, 1300 m alt., 14 ° N, 85 ° W ( FLMNH 221508 partim) .

Costa Rica: Tapanti , 1433 m alt., 9 ° 469N, 83 ° 469W ( FLMNH 34810 partim); Volcan Barba, 2.7 km N of San Jose de la Montana, 1933 m alt., 10 ° 089N, 84 ° 069W ( FLMNH 34824 ) ; Volcan Barba , 2.7 km N of San Jose de la Montana, 2300 m alt., 10 ° 089N, 84 ° 069W ( FLMNH 34839 partim); Volcan Poas, 1.5 km W of Poasito, 2300 m alt., 10 ° 119N, 84 ° 139W ( FLMNH 34823 ) ; 11.7 km E of Bahia Tamarindo, 10 ° N, 85 ° W ( FLMNH 34827 partim); 10 km S of Nicoya, 10 ° N, 85 ° W ( FLMNH 34825 partim); San Gerardo de Dota , 2311 m alt., 9 ° 329490N, 83 ° 489390W ( FLMNH 310096 ) .

Panama: Copete Trail, Finca Lerida, Boquete , Chiriqui, 2400 m alt., 8 ° N, 82 ° W ( FMNH 86350 ) ; Copete Trail, Finca Lerida, Boquete , Chiriqui, 2440 m alt., 8 ° N, 82 ° W ( FMNH 86409 ) ; Casita Alta, Finca Lerida, Boquete , Chiriqui, 2200m alt., 8 ° N, 82 ° W ( FMNH 86360 ) ; Spring near Casita Alta, Finca Lerida , Boquete , Chiriqui, 2100 m alt., 8 ° N, 82 ° W ( FMNH 86486 ) ; 6.4 km above Cerro Punta , Chiriqui, 2000 m alt., 8 ° N, 82 ° W ( FMNH 73725 ) .

Colombia, Boyaca´: gorge above Villa de Leiva , single trees, W slope, 2340 m alt., 05 ° 379150N, 73 ° 319030W ( ZMH 4110 ) ; Moniquira 5.4 km towards Arcabuco, disturbed forest rest near quarry Cantera el Porvenir in La Roca , 2150 m alt., 05 ° 509580N, 73 ° 329470W ( ZMH 4160 ) ; Barbosa 5 km towards Arcabuco, forest near quarry El Cairo in Vereda Pueblo Viejo , 1840 m alt., 05 ° 539550N, 73 ° 359080W ( ZMH 4176 ) . Cundinamarca: La Calera 0.5 km towards Bogota´, farm Las Cabreras, Vereda San Rafael, Andean forest , 2820–2840 m alt., 04 ° 429300N, 73 ° 589200W ( UNAL; ZMH 4015 , 4030 ; 4062) ; La Calera, S of Entrada Fabrica de Cemento Samper, degraded Andean forest , NW slope, 2750 m alt., 04 ° 439150N, 73 ° 569460W ( ZMH 4078 ) ; Bogotá towards Tunja, Alto del Sisga, Andean forest , N slope, 2890 m alt., 05 ° 049580N, 73 ° 449420W ( ZMH 4101 ) . Distrito Capital: Bogota´, forest near brook above Escuela Militar de Caballeria , 2750–2790 m alt., 04 ° 419150N, 74 ° 019330W ( ZMH 4238 , 4318 ) .

Peru, Amazonas: Leymebamba 9.5 km towards Balsas , 06 ° 439520S, 77 ° 489570W ( ZMH 37943) ; Balsas, Rio Maranon bridge 20 km towards Leymebamba , 06 ° 509470S, 77 ° 579440W ( ZMH 37933) . Ancash: 7 km NE of San Marcos , 2720 m alt., 9 ° S, 77 ° W ( FLMNH 243158 ) ; Chavín de Huantar , 3200 m alt., 9 ° 359S, 77 ° 159W ( FLMNH 243159 ) ; Pampama (N of Chiquian), 3300 m alt., 10 ° 079420S, 77 ° 099240W ( ZMH 37944) . Cuzco: Santa Maria 3 km towards Ollantaytambo , 1270 m alt., 13 ° 009S, 72 ° 379W ( ZMH 4453 ) ; Paucartambo 41 km towards Pillcopata , 2770 m alt., 13 ° 119S, 71 ° 379W ( ZMH 4458 ) ; Lamay 1 km towards Calca , 2980 m alt., 13 ° 219S, 71 ° 569W ( ZMH 4609 ) ; Pisac 0.5 km towards Colquepata , 3010 m alt., 13 ° 259S, 71 ° 519W ( ZMH 4544 ) ; Huayllatamba , 3600 m alt., 13 ° 329S, 71 ° 429W ( ZMH 4526 ) .

Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara del Mundo novo, 29 ° 399S, 50 ° 479W ( SMF 55285 partim) .

Argentina, Tucumán: San Miguel de Tucumán, park of the institute M. Lillo, 430 m alt., 26 ° 499S, 65 ° 139W ( SMF 275438 partim); Cerro San Javier, km 17, 26 ° S, 65 ° W ( FMNH 216319 partim); Horco Molle, 750 m alt. ( FMNH 216620 ) . Córdoba: Cabana, 700 m alt., 31 ° 139S, 64 ° 229W ( SMF 171795 ) .

Shell ( Figures 3–5)

Globose-conical or oblong-conical; apex obtuse; with irregular growth lines, without incised spiral striae; corneous; usually brightly shining; subtranslucent; 2.75–3.5 inflated whorls separated by a deep suture; body whorl hardly or slightly descending towards the aperture, basally rounded; aperture truncate-rounded, edentate; peristome neither expanded nor reflexed nor thickened; columellar margin slightly dilated, hardly or partly covering the umbilicus; umbilicus taking 2–15% of the shell breadth. Shell measurements and ratios are listed in Tables I and II.

Remarks

Pupisoma comicolense differs from P. mediamericanum in the on-average larger (diameter of the first two whorls of P. comicolense 0.90–1.05 mm; diameter of the first two whorls of P. mediamericanum 0.80–0.95 mm), smoother shell (see also P. mediamericanum ).

Specimens with 3.5 whorls are oblong-conical, whereas specimens with three or fewer whorls are globose-conical. In oblong-conical specimens the umbilicus usually takes less than 10% of the shell breadth, whereas in the globose forms it can be wider. Pupisoma latens Hylton Scott, 1960 from Argentina is such a globose form with a comparatively wide umbilicus. In an extreme form from San Miguel de Tucumán the umbilicus occupies 11– 15% of the shell breadth. The identity of the widely umbilicated forms from Argentina with P. comicolense should be checked with molecular genetic markers. Preliminarily, they are considered to be conspecific with P. comicolense , because there are apparently intermediate specimens between the extreme forms. No constant conchological differences have been found between P. galapagorum Pilsbry, 1934 from the Galapagos Islands, P. bailyi Pilsbry, 1934 from Mexico, and P. comicolense .

Pupisoma comicolense occurs sympatrically with P. dioscoricola , P. macneilli , P. mediamericanum , and P. costulata .

The anatomy of P. comicolense has been described by Baker (1928).

Distribution ( Figure 7 )

Pupisoma comicolense is distributed in Central and South America from Mexico to the Galapagos Islands, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina. It is most frequent at medium and higher altitudes. Its altitudinal range extends from about 100 to 2600 m altitude.

Figures

Figure 7. Distribution of Pupisoma (Pupisoma?) comicolense H. B. Baker, 1928 (2°-grid).

Figure 15. Distribution of Pupisoma (Pupisoma?) mediamericanum Pilsbry, 1920 (2°-grid).