Clerotilia formosana (Chûjô), Chujo

Lee, Chi-Feng, 2018, The genus Clerotalia Jacoby of Taiwan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), Zootaxa 4420 (3), pp. 357-378 : 363-377

Clerotilia formosana (Chûjô)

( Figs 1D , 2D–2F , 5 )

Hoplasoma formosana Chûjô, 1963: 391 .

Acroxena formosana: Kimoto, 1969: 57; Kimoto, 1989: 258 (additional records).

Clerotilia fromosana: Takizawa, 1978: 130.

Acroxena shirozui Kimoto, 1969: 57. New synonymy

Clerotilia shirozui: Kimoto & Chu, 1996: 66.

Types. Hoplasoma formosana. Holotype ♀ (NHM): “Takao (= Kaohsiung, ¾Ḋ) / 1907 [p] VIII.1. [h, w] // Formosa / Sauter [p, w] // Holotypus [p, red letters] / Hoplasom / formosana / Chujo [h, w, with red border] // Hoplasmoa / formosana CHÛJÔ [h] / Det. M. CHUJO, 196 [p] 1 [h, w]”.

Acroxena shirozui. Holotype ♂ ( KUEC): “(Taiwan) / Sungkang (ṀḢ) / Natou Hsien // 29.VI. [h] 1965 / T.

Shirôzu [p, w] // Acroxena / shirozui / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // HOLOTYPE [p, r]”. Paratypes: 1♂ (BPBM), 1 ex.

( KMNH): “(Taiwan) / Sungkang (ṀḢ) / Natou Hsien // 29. VI. [h] 1965 / T. Shirôzu [p, w] // Acroxena / shirozui / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // PARATOPOTYPE [p, b]” ; 1♀ ( BPBM): “ Chirifu (somewhere in Maolin Township, Kaohsiung) / Formosa / V- 18-34 [p, w] // J.L. Gressitt / Collector [p, w] // Acroxena / shirozui / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // PARATYPE [p, b]”.

Other specimens examined (n= 139). Chiayi : 1♀ ( TARI), Fenchihu (ÂȒḀ), 18.V.2014, leg. W.- C. Liao; Hsinchu : 1♂ (TARI), Kuanwu (©Ḿ), 28.V.2009, leg. Y.-F. Hsu; 2♂♂ ( TARI), Sumakusu (Oi %ª¼), 11.VII.2010, leg. M.- H. Tsou; Kaohsiung : 2♂♂, 5♀♀ (TARI), Chungchihkuan (ƤŽḐ), 16.IV.2012, leg. L.-P. Hsu; 2♂♂ (TARI), Kuanshanyakou (ḐNJḎD), 30.VII.2015, leg. C.-F. Lee; 2♀♀ (BPBM), Rokki (= Liukuei, Ā Ř), 16-17.V.1934, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 3♂♂ ( TARI), Tona trail (șṁIJae), 2.VIII.2017, leg. B.- X. Guo; Nantou : 1♀ (TARI), Chunyang (Ħ’), 25.X.2009, leg. Y.-T. Wang; 1♀ (BPBM), Musha (= Wushe, ḾË) – Bandai (= Chingai, Ḇü), 24.VIII.1948, leg. L. Gressitt; 1♀ (TARI), Meifeng (ŔḌ), 20.VI.2009, leg. Y.-T. Wang; 10♂♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 17.VI.2010, leg. C.- F. Lee ; 1♀ (TARI), Tatachia (ỢỢAE), 9.VI.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♂ (TARI), Tungpu (¶Ñ), 25-29.IX.1980, leg. L.Y. Chou & T. Lin; 6♂♂, 5♀♀ ( TARI), same locality, 28.IV.- 2.V.1981, leg. T. Lin & C.J. Lee ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 18-23.XI.1981, leg. T. Lin & W.S. Tang ; 4♂♂, 3♀♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19-23.VII.1982, leg. L.Y. Chou & T. Lin ; 8♂♂, 3♀♀, same locality, 16-20.IV.1984, leg. K.C. Chou & C.H. Yung ; 16♂♂, 9♀♀, same locality, 23-27.VII.1984, leg. K.C. Chou & C.H. Yang ; 1♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Wushe (ḾË), 23-28.VI.1981, leg. K.S. Lin & W.S. Tang; Pingtung: 1♂, 5♀♀ ( TARI), Ali (ȐǾ), 30.V.2014, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), Peitawushan (ẋƛỂNJ), 18.VI.2012, leg. J.-C. Chen; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 23.VII.2013, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂, 4♀♀ (TARI), Tahanshan (ƛÃNJ), 25.V.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 9.XII.2009, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 14.VIII.2011, leg. Y.- T. Wang ; 3♂♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19.VIII.2011, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 23.VIII.2011, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 2.IX.2011, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 10.IX.2011, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 4♂♂ ( TARI), same locality, 28.IV.2012, leg. M.- H. Tsou ; 1♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20.VIII.2012, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 1.X.2012, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 16.X.2012, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 24.IV.2013, leg. Y.- T. Chung ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality 3.IX.2013, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 3.IX.2013, leg. Y.- T. Chung ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 18.IX.2014, leg. Y.- T. Chung ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 10.X.2014, leg. W.- C. Liao ; 2♂♂ (TARI), Wutai (Ḿờ), 12.V.2009, leg. U. Ong; 3♂♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 15.IV. 2010, leg. J.- C. Chen; Taichung : 1♂ ( TARI), Chiapaotai (AEaeờ), 14-18. X.1980, leg. K.S. Lin & C.H. Wang; 2♂♂, 1♀ ( TARI), Tashuehshan (ƛḦNJ), 23.VII.2011, leg. J.- C. Chen; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 24.VI.2012, leg. C.- F. Lee; Taoyuan: 1♂, 2♀♀ ( TARI), Sule Bridge (ḒṜẘ), 4.IX.2015, leg. H.- T. Cheng

Description. Length 5.0– 5.7 mm, width 1.9–2.2 mm. General color ( Figs 2D–2F ) metallic blue; head dark brown or blackish brown except occiput metallic blue; antennae, tibiae, and tarsi dark brown or blackish brown; abdomen yellow. Occiput with reticulate microsculpture. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 5A ), antennomeres V- VII slightly wider, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.7: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7, length

to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 3.8: 3.0: 4.1: 3.8: 4.5: 3.8: 4.3: 3.9: 4.1: 3.6: 4.3; slender in females ( Fig. 5B ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.8: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.5: 2.9: 4.2: 4.7: 4.8: 5.0: 4.9: 4.1: 4.4: 4.2: 4.4. Pronotum transverse, 1.4x wider than long, disc convex with reticulate microsculpture and with sparse, fine and coarse punctures; lateral margin narrower at base; apical and basal margins subtruncate. Elytra elongate and parallel-sided, 1.9x longer than wide; disc with reticulate microsculpture and dense, coarse punctures, sometimes with several indistinct longitudinal ridges. Tibiae of middle legs curved inwards in males. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs swollen in males. Penis ( Figs 5C–5D ) extremely slender, 10.0x longer than wide; subapically asymmetric; tectum elongate and weakly sclerotized; straight in lateral view, with angular process at apical 1/7 of ventral surface; internal sac with three sclerites, apical sclerite elongate and apically tapering, medialq sclerite wide and hooked, basal sclerite longest, apex trilobed, median lob apically tapering. Gonocoxae ( Fig. 5E ) connected from base to apical 1/3; apices narrowly rounded, each gonocoxa with eight setae along outer margin from apex to apical 1/4. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 5F ) transverse and weakly sclerotized, with dense, short setae along apical surface; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 5G ) slightly broader than pump; pump shallowly inserted into receptacle, narrower apically, strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct deeply inserted into receptacle, elongate and narrow.

Diagnosis. Adults of C. formosana (Chûjô) are similar to those of C. tsoui sp. nov. and C. meihuai sp. nov. with blackish brown body, metallic blue occiput, pronotum, and elytra. The former species can be distinguished by the distinct reticulate microsculpture on the pronotum (reduced in others), elytra smooth and without longitudinal ridges (longitudinal ridges present in C. tsoui ), and weakly widened antennae in males (strongly widened antenna in males of C. meihuai sp. nov.). In males of C. formosana the aedeagi are similar to those of C. tsoui sp. nov. with asymmetric apices, but apices curved to the right (narrowly rounded in C. tsoui sp. nov.) and more slender, 10.0 times longer than wide (relatively wider in C. tsoui sp. nov., 8.8 times longer than wide).

Food plants. Rhamnaceae : Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata ( Fig. 1A ); R. formosana Matsum. ( Fig. 1B ); Berchemia racemosa Siebold & Zucc. var. magna Makino

Distribution. West Taiwan (north to Taoyuan, through Hsinchu, Taichung, Nantou, Chiayi, Kaohsiung, south to northern Pingtung Counties) ( Fig. 4 ).

Clerotilia jungchani sp. nov.

( Figs 1E , 6A–6C , 7 )

Types (n= 105). Holotype ♂ ( TARI): Taitung: Liyuan (® Ễ), 8. VII. 2010, leg. J.- C. Chen . Paratypes: 8♀♀ ( TARI), same data as holotype ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 31.V.2011, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 9.VI.2011, leg. U. Ong ; 40♂♂, 23♀♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20.VI.2011, leg. C.- F. Lee ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 18.VI.2013, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 11♂♂, 4♀♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19.VI.2013, leg. C.- F. Lee ; 4♂♂ ( TARI), same locality, 24.VII.2013, leg. C.- F. Lee ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 19.VI.2014, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (TARI), Hsiangyang (ậ’), 18.VII.2014, leg. W.-C. Huang; Pingtung: 3♂♂, 1♀ ( TARI), Peitawushan (ẋƛỂNJ), 22.IV.2014, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 24.IV. 2014, leg. J.- C. Chen

Description. Length 5.3–6.5 mm, width 2.1–2.5 mm. General color ( Figs 6A–6C ) yellow; elytra and occiput metallic green; antennae, and lateral margins of pronotum dark brown; tibiae and tarsi darker. Occiput with reticulate microsculpture. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 7A ), antennomeres V-VII slightly wider, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.9: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.3: 2.5: 4.4: 4.4: 4.8: 4.7: 5.1: 4.2: 3.9: 3.8: 4.5; slender in females ( Fig. 7B ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.7: 0.8: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.6: 3.1: 4.4: 4.3: 4.9: 4.9: 5.2: 4.4: 4.2: 3.6: 4.6. Pronotum transverse, 1.4x wider than long, disc convex without reticulate microsculpture, and with sparse, fine and coarse punctures; lateral margin narrower basally; apical margin slightly concave; basal margin subtruncate. Elytra elongate and parallel-sided, 2.0x longer than wide; disc with reticulate microsculpture and dense, coarse punctures. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs swollen in males. Penis ( Figs 7C–7D ) extremely slender, 11.5x longer than wide; narrower apically, apex angular and curved ventrally; tectum elongate and well sclerotized, apical margin truncate; moderately curved at basal 1/ 3 in lateral view, lateral margin with sparse minute spines on subapical surface; ventral surface well sclerotized; internal sac with two sclerites, medial sclerite hooked; basal sclerite longer, apex trilobed, median lobe apically tapering. Gonocoxae ( Fig. 7 E ) narrowly connected; apices truncate, each gonocoxa with eight setae along outer margin from apex to apical 1/4. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 7F ) transverse and weakly sclerotized; with dense, short setae along apical surface; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 7G ) slightly broader than pump; pump shallowly inserted into receptacle, separated into two parts, anterior part with transverse depressions, posterior part narrower apically, strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct shallowly inserted into receptacle, elongate and broad.

Diagnosis. Adults of C. jungchani sp. nov. are similar to those of C. cheni sp. nov. with yellowish brown body, metallic green elytra and occiput, but the former species possesses a yellow pronotum and legs (metallic green pronotum, black tibiae, tarsi, and apices of femora in C. cheni ), weakly widened antennae (antennomeres III-VI more than 4.0 times longer than wide) and inwardly curved tibiae of middle legs in males (strongly widened antennae (antennomeres III-VI less than 3.5 times longer than wide and straight tibiae of middle legs in males of C. cheni ). The aedeagi of males of C. jungchani and C. cheni are characterized by presence of tiny spines on the lateral or ventral discs. In C. jungchani , sparse spines are present on the lateral disc, the middle sclerite possesses a tapering apex, the apical sclerite of the endophallic sclerite complex is absent, and the apex is ventrally recurved. By contrast, the aedeagus of C. cheni possesses sparse, tiny spines on the ventral disc, a small apical sclerite, an apically widened middle sclerite of the endophallic sclerite complex, and an anteriorly directed apex.

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Jung-Chan Chen, a member of TCRT and the first to collect this new species.

Food plants. Rhamnaceae : Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata ( Fig. 1A ).

Distribution. Southeast Taiwan (Taichung and Pingtung Counties) ( Fig. 4 ).

Clerotilia meihuai sp. nov.

( Figs. 6D–6F , 8 )

Acroxena shirozui Kimoto, 1969: 57 (part).

Types (n= 8). Holotype ♂ ( TARI): Taitung: Wulu (ḾÊ), 22.V.2011, leg. C.- F. Lee . Paratypes: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ ( TARI), same data as holotype ; 1♂ ( TARI), Hsiangyang (ậ’), 23.VI.2010, leg. M.- H. Tsou; 2 exs. ( KMNH), labeled: “( TAIWAN) / Chihpen (ḂĻ) / Taitung Hsien [p] / 8[h] . VIII. 1966 / H. Kamiya leg. [p, w] // Acroxena shirozui / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // PARATYPE [p, b]”; Hualien: 1♂ ( BPBM), Antsu (= Antung, Ṙǿ), 20.IV.1932, leg. J. L. Gressitt ; 1♂ (TARI), Walami Trail (EÜ*ṃae), 3.XI.2013, leg. K. Masumoto.

Description. Length 5.2–5.7 mm, width 2.0– 2.3 mm. General color ( Figs 6D–6F ) metallic blue; head dark brown or blackish brown except occiput metallic blue; antennae, tibiae, and tarsi dark brown or blackish brown; abdomen yellow. Occiput without reticulate microsculpture. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 8A ), antennomeres V-VII strongly expanded, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.7: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.1: 2.7: 4.0: 3.1: 3.2: 3.2: 3.6: 3.4: 3.3: 3.3: 3.5; slender in females ( Fig. 8B ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.6: 2.4: 4.1: 3.8: 4.1: 4.1: 4.4: 4.0: 3.8: 3.5: 3.8. Pronotum transverse, 1.6x wider than long, disc convex without reticulate microsculpture, and with sparse, fine and coarse punctures; lateral margin narrower near base; apical and basal margins subtruncate. Elytra elongate and parallel-sided, 1.8x longer than wide; disc with reticulate microsculpture and dense, coarse punctures. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs swollen in males. Penis ( Figs 8C–8D ) extremely slender, 9.2x longer than wide; apically symmetrical and narrowed from apical 1/7, apex rounded, parallel-sided; tectum elongate and weakly sclerotized; moderately curved at middle in lateral view, with angular process at apical 1/7 of ventral surface; internal sac with three sclerites, apical sclerite elongate and apically tapering, medial sclerite small and hooked, basal sclerite longest, apex trilobed, median lob tapering to apex. Gonocoxae ( Fig. 8E ) narrowly connected at apical 1/3; apices narrowly rounded, each gonocoxa with eight setae along outer margin from apex to apical 1/4. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 8F ) transverse and weakly sclerotized; with dense, short setae on apical surface; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 8G ) slightly broader than pump; pump shallowly inserted into receptacle, separated into two parts, anterior part with transverse depressions, posterior part narrowed to apex, strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct deeply inserted into receptacle, elongate and narrow.

Diagnosis. Adults of C. meihuai sp. nov. are similar to those of C. formosana (Chûjô) and C. tsoui sp. nov. with blackish brown body, metallic blue occiput, pronotum, and elytra. The former species can be distinguished by the reduced reticulate microsculpture on the pronotum (distinct in C. formosana ), elytra smooth and without longitudinal ridges (longitudinal ridges present in C. tsoui ), and strongly widened antennae in males (filiform antennae in males of others). In males of C. meihuai sp. nov. the aedeagi are symmetrical (asymmetrical apices of the aedeagi in others).

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Mei-Hua Tsou, who is a member of TCRT and the first to collect this new species.

Remarks. Two paratypes of C. shirozui collected from Chihpen are members to this new species (see type material).

Food plants. Rhamnaceae : Rhamnus formosana Matsum ( Fig. 1B ).

Distribution. Southeast Taiwan (Hualien and Taitung Counties) ( Fig. 4 ).

Clerotilia tsoui sp. nov.

( Figs 1F , 9A–9C , 10 )

Acroxena formosana: Kimoto, 1969: 57 . Misidentification

Types (n= 32). Holotype ♂ (TARI). Pingtung: Nanjenhu (MḺḀ), 30.IV.2011, leg. J.- C. Chen. Paratypes. 1♂ ( TARI) , same data as holotype; 1♀ ( TARI) , same locality, 15.III.2010, leg. M.- H. Tsou ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 28.I.2012, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂ ( TARI), Kaoshihfoshan (¾± DZNJ), 27.IV.2012, leg. M.- H. Tsou ; 3♂♂, 2♀♀ ( TARI), Kenting (ḄT), 22-26.II.1982, leg. T. Lin & S.C. Lin ; 1♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 25-28.V.1982, leg. K.C. Chou & C.C. Pan ; 1♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 5-9.XII.1982, leg. S.C. Lin & S.P. Huang ; 1♀ ( TARI), Lanren River (ṚḺỴ), 15.IX.2011, leg. Y.- H. Peng & Y.- C. Lan ; 1♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 14.II.2012, leg. C.- C. Wang & Y.- C. Lan ; 2♂♂ ( TARI), same locality, 22.VIII.2012, leg. Y.- H. Peng & Y.- C. Lan ; 6♂♂ ( TARI), Lilungshan (mḃNJ), 16.IV.2012, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂, 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 9.IV.2013, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality , same locality, 10.VI.2014, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 16.IX.2014, leg. Y.- T. Chung ; 1♀ ( TARI), same locality, 10.IV.2015, leg. J.- C. Chen ; 1♀ ( TARI), Nanjenshan (MḺNJ; same locality as Nanjenhu ), 25.XII.2012, leg. Y.- M. Weng ; 1♂ ( TARI), Shuangliu (ºȈ), 19.VII.2007, leg. M.- H. Tsou ; 1♂ ( TARI), same locality, 5.II.2008, leg. M.- H. Tsou.

Description. Length 4.6–5.8 mm, width 1.9–2.2 mm. General color ( Figs 9A–9C ) metallic blue; head dark brown or blackish brown except occiput metallic blue; antennae, tibiae, and tarsi dark brown or blackish brown; abdomen yellow. Occiput with reticulate microsculpture. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 10A ), antennomeres V- VII slightly broader, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.1: 2.5: 3.5: 3.8: 4.1: 4.2: 4.3: 4.1: 3.9: 3.9: 4.3; slender in females ( Fig. 10B ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.6: 2.4: 3.8: 4.1: 4.5: 4.4: 4.3: 4.7: 3.9: 3.7: 4.2. Pronotum transverse, 1.5x wider than long, disc convex with reticulate microsculpture, and with sparse, fine and coarse punctures; lateral margin narrower near base; apical margin slightly concave; basal margin subtruncate. Elytra elongate and parallel-sided, 1.9x longer than wide; disc with reticulate microsculpture, dense, coarse punctures, and several longitudinal ridges. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs swollen in males. Penis ( Figs 10C–10D ) slender, 8.8x longer than wide; subapically and slightly asymmetric; tectum elongate and weakly sclerotized; slightly curved in lateral view, with angular process at apical 1/6 of ventral surface and apical 1/5 of dorsal surface; ventral surface well sclerotized and with hollow area at apical 1/6; internal sac with three sclerites, apical sclerite elongate and apically tapering, medial sclerite wide and hooked, basal sclerite longest, apex trilobed, median lob apically tapering. Gonocoxae ( Fig. 10E ) narrowly connected at apical 1/3; apices rounded, each gonocoxa with nine setae along outer margin from apex to apical 1/4. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 10F ) transverse and weakly sclerotized; with dense, short setae along apical surface; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 10G ) a little broader than pump; pump shallowly inserted into receptacle, narrower apically, strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct deeply inserted into receptacle, elongate and narrow.

Diagnosis. Adults of C. tsoui sp. nov. are similar to those of C. formosana (Chûjô) and C. meihuai sp. nov. with blackish brown body, metallic blue occiput, pronotum, and elytra. The former species can be distinguished by the reduced reticulate microsculpture on the pronotum (distinct in C. formosana ), elytra with longitudinal ridges (lacking longitudinal ridges present in others), and slightly wider antennae in males (strongly wider antenna in males of C. meihuai ). Males of C. tsoui sp. nov. are similar to those of C. formosana in possessing asymmetric apices of the aedeagi but the apices are narrowly rounded (curved to right in C. formosana ) and wider, 8.8 times longer than wide (relatively slender in C. tsoui sp. nov., 10.0 times longer than wide).

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Mei-Hua Tsou, a member of TCRT and the first to collect this new species.

Food plants. Rhamnaceae : Rhamnus formosana Matsum. ( Fig. 1B ); Ventilago elegans Hemsl ..

Remarks. Kimoto (1969) examined specimens of C. formosana collected from Kenting and Hengchun that possessed longitudinal ridges on the elytra. Apparently, those were misidentified and should be assigned to this new species.

Distribution. Southern Taiwan (Hengchun Peninsula, southern Pingtung County) ( Fig. 4 ).

Clerotilia wulaiensis sp. nov.

( Figs 1G , 9D–9F , 11 )

Acrozena shirozui Kimoto, 1969: 57 (part).

Types (n= 16). Holotype ♂ (TARI): Taipei: Chiachiuliao (AEAḓ), 8.IX.2008, leg. J.-C. Chen. Paratypes. 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same data as holotype; 1♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 11.IX.2008, leg. H. Lee; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 27.XI.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu; 1♂ (BPBM), Urai (= Wulai, ŖẎ), 2.V.1934, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 1♂ (BPBM), same locality, 23.IX.1957, leg. T. C. Maa; 1♂, 2♀♀ (BPBM), same locality, 23.IV.1958, leg. K. S. Lin; 1♀ (BPBM), same locality, 14.V.1958, leg. K. S. Lin; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 26.IV.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1 ex. (KMNH), labeled: “(TAIWAN) / Wulai / Taipei Hisen [p] / 28[h]. VIII. 1966 / H. Kamiya leg. [p, w] // Acroxena / shirozui / Kimoto, n. sp. [h, w] // PARATYPE [p, b]”.

Description. Length 5.0– 5.8 mm, width 2.1–2.3 mm. General color ( Figs 9D–9F ) brown or dark brown; antenna blackish brown except antennomere I; antenna, pronotum, and occiput darker or with metallic blue reflection; elytra metallic green. Occiput without reticulate microsculpture. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 11A ), antennomeres V-VII slightly expanded, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.2: 2.9: 3.6: 3.7: 3.8: 3.8: 4.2: 3.9: 4.3: 3.6: 3.9; slender in females ( Fig. 11B ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.1: 2.9: 4.0: 4.4: 4.3: 4.3: 4.6: 4.2: 4.3: 3.7: 4.7. Pronotum transverse, 1.5x wider than long, disc convex without reticulate microsculpture, and with sparse, fine and coarse punctures; lateral margin narrower near base; apical margin slightly concave; basal margin subtruncate. Elytra elongate and parallel-sided, 1.8x longer than wide; disc with reticulate microsculpture and dense, coarse punctures; apical margin with one pair of angular processes near suture in females. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs swollen in males. Penis ( Figs 11C–11D ) extremely slender, 10.4x longer than wide; apex rounded; tectum elongate and weakly sclerotized; slightly curved in lateral view, ventral margin subapically irregular; ventral surface well sclerotized; internal sac with two sclerites, apical sclerite elongate and apically tapering; basal sclerite longest, apex trilobed, median lob apically tapering. Gonocoxae ( Fig. 11E ) narrowly connected at apical 1/3; apices rounded, each gonocoxa with seven or eight setae along outer margin from apex to apical 1/4. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 11F ) transverse and weakly sclerotized; with dense, short setae along apical surface; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 11G ) a little broader than pump; pump shallowly inserted into receptacle, narrowed near base, anterior part with transverse depressions, posterior part narrower apically, strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct shallowly inserted into receptacle, elongate and narrow.

Variation. Some specimens with dark brown pronota and possessing occiputs with strongly metallic blue reflections are similar to those of C. meihuai sp. nov. They can be distinguished by the dark brown ventral surfaces and legs (black venter and legs in C. meihuai sp. nov.).

Diagnosis. Adults of C. wulaiensis sp. nov. are similar to those of C. yuae sp. nov. with yellowish body and metallic green elytra. Males of C. wulaiensis possess straight tibiae of middle legs (curved inwards in C. yuae ), much narrower aedeagi (10.4 times longer than wide) (relatively wider aedeagi in C. yuae , 6.6 times longer than wide), aedeagus with rounded apex (apex with median notch in C. yuae ), and aedeagus slightly curved in lateral view (moderately curved in lateral view of C. yuae sp. nov.).

Etymology. The new species is named for one of the collecting sites near the type locality (Chiachiuliao, ???).

Remarks. One paratype of C. shirozui collected from Wulai is assigned to this new species (see types).

Food plants. Rhamnaceae : Rhamnus formosana Matsum. ( Fig. 1B ).

Distribution. North Taiwan (south Taipei County) ( Fig. 4 ).

Clerotilia yuae sp. nov.

( Figs 1H , 12 , 13 )

Types (n= 30). Holotype ♂ ( TARI): Taipei: Tatunshan (ƛƜNJ), 26.V.2010, leg. S.- F. Yu . Paratypes. 2♀♀ ( TARI), same data as holotype ; 14♂♂, 12♀♀ ( TARI), same locality, 14.VIII.2011, leg. M.- H. Tsou ; 1♀ ( TARI), Chutzuhu (ŰŦḀ), 15.VI.2008, leg. S.- F. Yu.

Description. Length 4.5–5.4 mm, width 1.7–2.1 mm. General color ( Figs 12A–12C ) yellowish brown; antenna blackish brown except antennomere I; occiput darker or metallic blue; elytra metallic green. Occiput with reticulate microsculpture. Antennae filiform in males ( Fig. 13A ), antennomeres V-VII moderately expanded, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 3.9: 3.0: 3.6: 3.4: 3.5: 3.6: 3.8: 3.5: 3.8: 3.4: 3.5; slender in females ( Fig. 13B ), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 4.3: 2.7: 4.0: 4.6: 4.7: 4.6: 4.8: 4.1: 3.8: 3.6: 4.6. Pronotum transverse, 1.5x wider than long, disc convex with reticulate microsculpture, and with sparse, fine and coarse punctures; lateral margin narrower near base; apical margin slightly concave; basal margin subtruncate. Elytra elongate and parallel-sided, 1.9x longer than wide; disc with reticulate microsculpture and dense, coarse punctures. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs swollen in males. Penis ( Figs 13C–13D ) slender, 6.6x longer than wide; apex with shallow notch; tectum elongate and weakly sclerotized; moderate curved in lateral view, ventral margin subapically irregular; ventral surface well sclerotized; internal sac with two sclerites, apical sclerite elongate and apically tapering; basal sclerite longest, apex trilobed, median lob apically tapering. Gonocoxae ( Fig. 13E ) narrowly connected at apical 1/3; apices rounded, each gonocoxa with eight setae along outer margin from apex to apical 1/4. Ventrite VIII ( Fig. 13F ) transverse and weakly sclerotized; with dense, short setae along apical surface; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca ( Fig. 13G ) slightly broader than pump; pump shallowly inserted into receptacle, separated into two parts, anterior part with transverse depressions, posterior part narrower apically, strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct shallowly inserted into receptacle, elongate and narrow.

Diagnosis. Adults of C. yuae sp. nov. are similar to those of C. wulaiensis sp. nov. with yellowish body and metallic green elytra. Males of C. yuae possess the inwardly curved tibiae of middle legs (straight in C. wulaiensis ), much wider aedeagi (6.6 times longer than wide) (relatively slender in C. wulaiensis sp. nov., 10.4 times longer than wide), aedeagus with bifurcate apex (rounded apex in C. wulaiensis ) and moderately curved in lateral view (slightly curved in lateral view of C. wulaiensis ).

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Su-Fang Yu, a member of TCRT and the first to collect this new species.

Food plants. Rhamnaceae : Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata ( Fig. 1A ).

Distribution. North Taiwan (north Taipei County) ( Fig. 4 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1. Ecological photos. 1. Food plant, Rhamnus nakaharae; 1B. Food plant, R. formosana, one adult of C. wulaiensis sp. nov. feeding on leaf; 1C. Female of Clerotilia cheni sp. nov.; 1D. Male of C. formosana; 1E. Female of C. jungchani sp. nov.; 1F. Male of C. tsoui sp. nov.; 1G. Male of C. wulaiensis sp. nov.; 1H. Female of C. yuae sp. nov.

FIGURES 2. Habitus of Clerotilia cheni sp. nov. and C. formosana Chûjô. 2A. C. cheni sp. nov., male, dorsal view; 2B. Same, ventral view; 2C. C. cheni sp. nov., female, dorsal view; 2D. C. formosana, male, dorsal view; 2E. Same, ventral view; 2F. C. formosana, female, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Clerotilia species. Solid line: 1000 m, broken line: 2000 m. Blue spots: C. tsoui sp. nov.; gray spots: C. cheni sp. nov.; green spot: C. jungchani sp. nov.; orange spot: C. yuae sp. nov.; pink spot: C. wulaiensis sp. nov.; red spots: C. formosana Chûjô; yellow spot: C. meihuai sp. nov.

FIGURES 5. Diagnostic characters of Clerotilia formosana Chûjô. 5A. Antenna, male; 5B. Antenna, female; 5C. Penis, dorsal view; 5D. Penis, lateral view; 5E. Gonocoxae; 5F. Abdominal ventrite VIII; 5G. Spermatheca.

FIGURES 6. Habitus of Clerotilia jungchani sp. nov. and C. meihuai sp. nov. 6A. C. jungchani sp. nov., male, dorsal view; 6B. Same, ventral view; 6C. C. jungchani sp. nov., female, dorsal view; 6D. C. meihuai sp. nov., male, dorsal view; 2E. Same, ventral view; 2F. C. meihuai sp. nov., female, dorsal view.

FIGURES 7. Diagnostic characters of Clerotilia jungchani sp. nov. 7A. Antenna, male; 7B. Antenna, female; 7C. Penis, dorsal view; 7D. Penis, lateral view; 7E. Gonocoxae; 7F. Abdominal ventrite VIII; 7G. Spermatheca.

FIGURES 8. Diagnostic characters of Clerotilia meihuai sp. nov. 8A. Antenna, male; 8B. Antenna, female; 8C. Penis, dorsal view; 8D. Penis, lateral view; 8E. Gonocoxae; 8F. Abdominal ventrite VIII; 8G. Spermatheca.

FIGURES 9. Habitus of Clerotilia tsoui sp. nov. and C. wulaiensis sp. nov. 9A. C. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view; 9B. Same, ventral view; 9C. C. tsoui sp. nov., female, dorsal view; 9D. C. wulaiensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view; 9E. Same, ventral view; 9F. C. wulaiensis sp. nov., female, dorsal view.

FIGURES 10. Diagnostic characters of Clerotilia tsoui sp. nov. 10A. Antenna, male; 10B. Antenna, female; 10C. Penis, dorsal view; 10D. Penis, lateral view; 10E. Gonocoxae; 10F. Abdominal ventrite VIII; 10G. Spermatheca.

FIGURES 11. Diagnostic characters of Clerotilia wulaiensis sp. nov. 11A. Antenna, male; 11B. Antenna, female; 11C. Penis, dorsal view; 11D. Penis, lateral view; 11E. Gonocoxae; 11F. Abdominal ventrite VIII; 11G. Spermatheca.

FIGURES 12. Habitus of Clerotilia yuae sp. nov. 12A. Male, dorsal view; 12B. Same, ventral view; 12C. Female, dorsal view.

FIGURES 13. Diagnostic characters of Clerotilia yuae sp. nov. 13A. Antenna, male; 13B. Antenna, female; 13C. Penis, dorsal view; 13D. Penis, lateral view; 13E. Gonocoxae; 13F. Abdominal ventrite VIII; 13G. Spermatheca.