Lymaenon Walker, 1846

Huber, John T., 2015, World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Zootaxa 3967 (1), pp. 1-184 : 41-51

Lymaenon Walker , stat. rev. (= litoralis group, of authors)

( Figs 7, 8 , 175– 190 )

Lymaenon Walker, 1846: 49 . Type species: Lymaenon acuminatus Walker , by subsequent designation by Gahan & Fagan, 1923: 82. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Foerster, 1856: 118. Treated as the litoralis group of species by various authors from 1988–2013 and as a subgenus of Gonatocerus by Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 41, and Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 39 and 2013 b: 216.

Rachistus Foerster, 1847: 203 . Type species: Ooctonus litoralis Haliday , by subsequent designation by Gahan and Fagan, 1923: 128. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Foerster 1856: 120. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 41.

Oophilus Enock, 1909: 458 . Type species: O. longicauda Enock , by monotypy. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Girault, 1911 [96]: 276. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 41.

Agonatocerus Girault, 1913 [149]: 276. Type species: A. humboldti , by original designation. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Girault, 1915 [228]: 159. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 41.

Gonatoceroides Girault, 1913 [155]: 255 (as subgenus of Gonatocerus ); Girault, 1913 [165]: 109 (given generic status). Type species: G. australica Girault , by original designation. Synonymy under Gonatocerus by Girault, 1915 [228]: 159. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 41.

Decarthrius Debauche, 1949: 21 . Type species: Decarthrius straeleni Debauche , by original designation. Synonymy under Gahanopsis by Annecke & Doutt, 1961: 13. Synonymy under Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ) by Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 41.

Diagnosis. Within Gonatocerini, the species of Lymaenon are distinguished by the following combination of features: vertex almost always with 3 ( Fig. 180 ) or 4 setae in ocellar triangle; pronotum longitudinally divided medially, the lobes widely separated by a distinct, median area ( Fig. 188 ); dorsellum strap-like, the anterior and posterior margins parallel ( Fig. 185 ); propodeum usually with two usually well separated and slightly converging submedian lines almost always extending length of propodeum ( Fig. 185 ).

Description. FEMALE. Face with subantennal sulci present, weakly converging, the distance between them at mouth margin the same or more (occasionally less) than their distance from the preorbital sulci ( Fig. 179 ). Vertex with 3 ( Fig. 180 ) or 4 setae in ocellar triangle, rarely with 2 setae. Occiput almost always entire ( Fig. 182 ), rarely with a partial sulcus along eye orbit separating gena from occiput. Mandible with 3 normal teeth ( Figs 183, 184 ).

Funicle 8 -segmented, rarely 7 -segmented ( Fig. 175 ), the basal four usually shorter than apical four (or three), and rarely with mps whereas apical four segments have mps on at least one segment. Pronotum longitudinally divided medially, the lobes widely separated by a distinct, median area ( Fig. 188 ), this area membranous or, less commonly, well sclerotized (but separated by carinae from lateral areas). Pronotal spiracle almost always larger than propodeal spiracle ( Fig. 186 ). Dorsellum at least 4 × as wide as long, strap-like, the anterior and posterior margins parallel ( Figs 7 , 185, 186 ). Propodeum usually with two usually well separated and slightly converging submedian lines almost always extending length of propodeum, the area between them often with minute spicules ( Figs 7 , 185 ), rarely the submedian lines short, raised as carinae and without spicules between them. Fore wing with microtrichia usually present behind venation to base of parastigma ( Figs 175 , 177 ), sometimes bare behind venation except for subcubital line ( Fig. 176 ), rarely completely bare behind venation. Stigma almost always truncate apically ( Figs 175–178 ), sometimes slightly oblique.

MALE. Radicle short, separated from scape by a line or sulcus, at most about 0.3 × as long as scape. Scape fairly short, at most about 3.0× as long as pedicel. Genitalia with aedeagal apodemes shorter than to almost as long as apodeme of genital sternum, rarely extending anteriorly slightly past its apex (see examples in Triapitsyn 2010), and with well developed volsellae.

Discussion. With over 160 nominal species, Lymaenon is the most speciose genus in Gonatocerini. The species vary widely in size from small to very large specimens, with body length 435–3200 Μm. Body colour can be almost entirely black to almost entirely yellow, often patterned in various ways with brown, yellow or black. Many species have the same colour and pattern as several Gonatocerus species, in which the mesosoma is predominantly yellow but with brown spots or areas on the mid- and side lobes of the mesoscutum, medially on the anterior scutellum, and on the axilla ( Fig. 7 ). In the Holarctic region the mesosoma is usually uniformly coloured dark brown or black; in tropical areas yellow is the predominant body colour. Superficially, different Lymaenon species can resemble those of several other genera but the strap-like dorsellum and propodeal structure remains constant and the genus is quite homogeneous structurally so subdividing it into meaningful species groups appears futile. The greatest diversity in body form and colour is found in Australia. The least diversity occurs in the Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions. The Afrotropical and Oriental regions have an intermediate amount of diversity. Most species have eight funicle segments. A few African species have only seven funicle segments ( Fig. 175 ), as in some Gahanopsis . Fl 1 –fl 4 vary in length, from all being almost anelliform to distinctly longer than wide, but in almost all cases fl 1 –fl 4 are each no longer than and almost always shorter than fl 5 or fl 6. In a few species the head is very thin, as in Zeyanus. The back of head usually lack sulci but the occiput of some species has a curved transverse sulcus extending from the malar sulcus behind each eye to the foramen, somewhat as in some species of Cosmocomoidea or Gastrogonatocerus . The wings are usually unmarked but many Australian and a few Afrotropical species have patterned wings, usually as 1–3 bands extending across the wing ( Fig. 178 ) but sometimes with an apical spot or longitudinal streak. A few Lymaenon species have one or two white flagellomeres ( Fig. 176 ) as in some Cosmocomoidea and Cosmocomopsis species. Fore wing microtrichia usually extend over the entire wing surface to the base of the parastigma but quite often only the subcubital line of microtrichia extends to the base and the area behind the venation is bare; exceptionally, the entire area behind the venation is bare, as in many Cosmocomoidea species. The gastral petiole is usually short, ring-like ( Figs 89 , 190 ) but sometimes (several species in Madagascar) it is as long as the metacoxa, as in some Cosmocomoidea and Cosmocomopsis species. Most Lymaenon species do not have the ovipositor sheaths extending much beyond the gaster apex ( Fig. 190 ) but a few species have them extending well beyond ( Fig. 177 ). Some species, especially from Australia but also from other regions, have a long gaster with the ovipositor extending anteriorly to varying degrees under the mesosoma and head ( Fig. 178 ), as in many Gahanopsis and Gastrogonatocerus species. The ovipositor sheaths have the usual pair of subapical setae but one species (one specimen seen) has 5 pairs, somewhat as in Zeyanus species.

Hosts and habitat. Fewer than 20 nominal species have a host recorded, sometimes only to family. The few reliable host records indicate that species of Lymaenon parasitize Cicadellidae and sometimes Membracidae and are not host specific. Viggiani (2013) listed the four known hosts of one species, L. litoralis (Haliday) : Cicadula sexnotata (Fallén) , Acocephalus sp., Neoaliturus (Circulifer) tenellus ( Baker) , and Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin. Species of Lymaenon are particularly well represented in semi-arid to arid regions such as open woodlands, deserts and, occasionally, tundra. Relatively fewer species are found in forests, especially tropical rainforests.

Included species:

Lymaenon acuminatus Walker , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus . Lymaenon acuminatus Walker, 1846: 49 ; lectotype ♀ in MVMA. Dalla Torre, 1898: 429 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: England, no locality given. Lymaenon longicauda (Enock) . Oophilus longicauda Enock, 1909: 458 ; lectotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). Debauche, 1948: 88 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: England, Surrey, Richmond Park. Synonymy under G. acuminatus by Graham, 1972: 132.

Lymaenon africanus (Soyka) . Gonatocerus africanus Soyka, 1950: 126 ; holotype ♀ in PPDD (lost); 1 paratype ♀ in NHMV (examined). Heqvist, 1960: 430 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: Egypt, Dakhla Oasis.

Lymaenon angustiventris (Girault & Dodd) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus angustiventris Girault & Dodd in Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon aureinotum (Dodd) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus aureinotum Dodd, 1917: 351 ; holotype ♀ in QMBA. Lin et al., 2007: 34 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Yungaburra.

Lymaenon aureus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus aureus Girault, 1911 [96]: 263; neotype ♀ in USNM, designated by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48. TL: USA, Illinois, Urbana.

Lymaenon aligarhensis (Shamim & Adam Shafee) . Gonatocerus aligarhensis Shamim & Adam Shafee, 1984: 623 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh. Synonymy under G. pahlgamensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 114. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48.

Lymaenon brunneus tenuipennis (Girault) . Gonatocerus brunneus tenuipennis Girault, 1911 [96]: 263; holotype ♀ in INHS (lost). TL: USA, Illinois, Centralia, Urbana. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47.

Lymaenon chrysis Debauche. Lymaenon chrysis Debauche, 1948: 99 ; holotype ♀ in IRSNB (examined). Graham, 1973: 48 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Belgium, Héverlé. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47.

Lymaenon fukuokensis (Sahad) . Gonatocerus fukuokensis Sahad , in Sahad & Hirashima, 1984: 20; holotype ♀ in KUEC. TL: Japan, Kyushu, Fukuoka City, Hakozaki. Synonymy under G. pahlgamensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 114. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48.

Lymaenon gracilentus (Hellén) . Gonatocerus gracilentus Hellén, 1974: 11 ; lectotype ♀ in ZMH. TL: Finland, Parikkala. Synonymy under chrysis by Matthews, 1986: 227. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48.

Lymaenon illinoiensis (Girault) . Gonatocerus illinoiensis Girault, 1917 [323]: 91; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: USA, Illinois, Randolph Co., Coulterville. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83.

Lymaenon pahlgamensis Narayanan, 1961: 25 ; holotype ♀ in IARI. TL: India, Kashmir, no locality given. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 48.

Lymaenon kanheriensis (Mani & Saraswat) . Gonatocerus kanheriensis Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 87 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Maharashtra, Bombay. Synonymy under G. pahlgamensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 114. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47.

Lymaenon vopros Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47 . Replacement name for G. flavus Soyka, 1950 , not G. flavus Förster, 1841 .

Lymaenon flavus (Soyka) . Gonatocerus flavus Soyka, 1950: 127 ; holotype ♀ in PPDD (lost); Heqvist, 1960: 430 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: Egypt, Giza. Synonymy under G. aureus by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 47.

Lymaenon australensis (Perkins) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus australensis Perkins, 1905: 195 ; 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ syntypes in BPBM (examined). Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Cairns.

Lymaenon australicus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus (Gonatoceroides) australica Girault, 1913 [155]: 255; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Ayr.

Lymaenon ayrensis (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus ayrensis Girault, 1913 [155]: 257; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Ayr.

Lymaenon baconi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus baconi Girault, 1912 [120]: 129; 2 ♂ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Mackay, Pioneer River.

Lymaenon bakrotus (Mani & Saraswat) , comb. n. from Gonatoceru s. Gonatocerus bakrotus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 80 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Himachal Pradesh, Dalhousie (Upper Bakrota).

Lymaenon bashai (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bashai Zeya in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 121; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Assam, Silchar, near railway station.

Lymaenon basilewskyi Mathot. Lymaenon basilewskyi Mathot, 1968: 265 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC (examined). TL: Tanzania, Ngorongoro, Rest Camp [data from type slide: 2400–2500m, 6 / 19 –vi. 1957, P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup.]

Lymaenon bellus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus bellus Girault, 1938 [452]: 396; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Lin et al., 2007: 34 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kingston.

Lymaenon beshbarmak (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) beshbarmak Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 58 ; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: Kyrgyzstan, Dzhalal-abad, Teke-Uyuk ravine.

Lymaenon berezovskiyi (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) berezovskiyi Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 56 ; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: Turkmenistan, Ahal, Babarurmaz.

Lymaenon berijamus (Mani & Saraswat) , comb. n. from Gonatoceru s ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus berijamus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 82 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 113 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: India, Tamil Nadu, Anamalai Hills, between Berijam and Munnar.

Lymaenon bicolor (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bicolor Girault, 1913 [147]: 216; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon bicoloriventris (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bicoloriventris Zeya in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 96; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 60 [placed in Gonatoceru s ( Lymaenon )]. TL: India, Karnataka, Srirangapatnam.

Lymaenon bifasciativentris (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bifasciativentris Girault, 1917 [328]: 273; 16 ♀ and 1 ♂ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Java, no locality given.

Lymaenon boswelli (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus boswelli Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Cooktown.

Lymaenon bouceki (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus bouceki Zeya in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 105; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh.

Lymaenon brevifuniculatus (Subba Rao) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus brevifuniculatus Subba Rao, 1970: 664 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: Pakistan, Hyderabad.

Lymaenon breviterebratus (Subba Rao) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus breviterebratus Subba Rao, 1989: 148 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Karnataka, 25 km W. Mudigere.

Lymaenon brunoi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus brunoi Girault, 1912 [120]: 142; 6 ♂ syntypes in QMBA (examined) [this is a mixed series, including two specimens possibly of Gonatocerus comptei or G. hallami ]. TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon brunoi lyelli (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatoceru s. Gonatocerus brunoi lyelli Girault, 1913 [147]: 218; holotype ♂ in QMBA. TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon bulgaricus (Donev & Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatoceru s. Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) bulgaricus Donev & Triapitsyn in Triapitsyn et al., 2013: 277; holotype ♀ in PUPB. TL: Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad, Sandanski, Rozhen Monastery.

Lymaenon capensis Viggiani & Jesu, 1995: 101 ; holotype ♀ in DEZA. TL: Cape Verde Is., San Jorge.

Lymaenon carlylei (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus carlylei Girault, 1913 [165]: 114; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon centaurus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus centaurus Girault, 1920 [352]: 45; holotype ♀ in QMBA. Lin et al., 2007: 35 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Goondi.

Lymaenon chryseides Debauche, 1949: 45 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Congo, Parc National Albert, Nyasheke, Nyamuragira volcano.

Lymaenon cingulatus (Perkins) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus cingulatus Perkins, 1905: 196 ; 1 ♀ syntype in BPBM (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane.

Lymaenon circumvagus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus circumvagus Girault, 1915 [228]: 159; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon citriscapus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus citriscapus Girault, 1930 [433]: 5; 3 ♀ syntypes in QMBA (examined). Lin et al., 2007: 35 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Mt. Coot’tha.

Lymaenon coimbatorensis (Zeya, Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus coimbatorensis Zeya Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar, 2012: 6 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore.

Lymaenon contortivena Debauche, 1949: 30 ; holotype ♀ in MRHNB (examined). TL: Congo, Kivu, Rutshuru.

Lymaenon cubensis (Dozier) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus cubensis Dozier, 1932: 83 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 46 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Cuba, near Havana.

Lymaenon cunctator Mathot , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Lymaenon cunctator Mathot, 1969: 7 ; holotype ♀ in IRSNB. Matthews, 1986: 223 (implied transfer to Gonatocerus ); Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 62 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Belgium, Tervuren, étang [pond] du Merisier. Synonymy under litoralis by Matthews, 1986: 223. Reinstated as valid species by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 62.

Lymaenon dakhlae (Soyka) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus dakhlae Soyka, 1950: 126; holotype ♀ in PPDD (lost). Heqvist, 1960: 430 (transferred to Lymaenon ). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 169 (treated as a nomen dubium in Gonatocerus ). TL: Egypt, Dakhla Oasis.

Lymaenon darwini (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus darwini Girault, 1912 [120]: 130; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Mackay, Pioneer River.

Lymaenon davinci (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus davinci Girault, 1912 [120]: 135; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, near Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon debauchei Mathot, 1968: 268 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC (examined). TL: Congo, N. Lac Kivu, Rwankwi. [data from holotype slide are xii. 1951. J.V. Leroy.]

Lymaenon delhiensis Narayanan & Subba Rao , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus . Lymaenon delhiensis Narayanan & Subba Rao, 1961: 659 ; holotype ♀ in IARI. Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 118 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: India, Delhi.

Lymaenon noyesi (Subba Rao) . Gonatocerus noyesi Subba Rao, 1989: 149 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore. Synonymy under delhiensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 118. Lymaenon relictus (Mani & Saraswat) . Gonatocerus relictus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 90 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Tamil Nadu, Anamalai Hills, Berijam. Synonymy under G. delhiensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 118.

Lymaenon virgatus (Subba Rao) . Gonatocerus virgatus Subba Rao, 1989: 150 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Karnataka, Mudigere. Synonymy under G. delhiensis by Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 118.

Lymaenon devitatakus (Mani & Saraswat) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus devitatakus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 86 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Tamil Nadu, Devikulam.

Lymaenon dies (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus dies Girault, 1913 [165]: 50; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Capeville.

Lymaenon dodo (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus dodo Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane.

Lymaenon elizabethae (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus elizabethae Girault, 1925 [387]: 2; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, The Caves.

Lymaenon ella (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus ella Girault, 1931 [435]: 4; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Indooroopilly.

Lymaenon farmani (Zeya & Anwar) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus farmani Zeya & Anwar, 2013: 121 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, Meghalaya, Shillong, Ladmawplong.

Lymaenon fasciativentris (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus fasciativentris Girault, 1913 [147]: 217; holotype ♂ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon flavipes (Girault & Dodd) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus flavipes Girault & Dodd in Girault, 1915 [228]: 154; holotype ♂ in QMBA. Lin et al., 2007: 35 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon flaviventris (Dozier) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus flaviventris Dozier, 1932: 82 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 47 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Haiti, Sarthe.

Lymaenon flosculus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus flosculus Girault, 1915 [228]: 160; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, New South Wales, Tweed Heads, Tweed River.

Lymaenon fulgor (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus fulgor Girault, 1913 [155]: 259; holotype ♂ in QMBA (lost). TL: Australia, Queensland, Ayr.

Lymaenon gigas (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus gigas Girault, 1915 [228]: 154; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Lin et al., 2007: 35 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon goethei (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus goethei Girault, 1912 [120]: 139; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon gregi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus gregi Girault, 1915 [228]: 159; holotype ♂ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, NSW, Murwillumbah.

Lymaenon grotiusi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Cosmocomoidea grotiusi Girault, 1913 [165]: 108; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon hackeri (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus hackeri Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; 3 ♀ syntypes in QMBA (examined) [possibly a mixed series]. TL: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane, Clayfield.

Lymaenon haeckeli (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus haeckeli Girault, 1912 [120]: 131; 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Port Douglas, Double Island.

Lymaenon heinei (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus heinei Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; holotype ♀ in QMBA (lost). TL: Australia, Queensland, no locality given.

Lymaenon helmholtzii (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus helmholtzii Girault, 1912 [120]: 142; 3 ♀ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Mackay.

Lymaenon helmholtzii christi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus helmholtzii christi Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; 3 ♀ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Indooroopilly.

Lymaenon hoplitis Debauche, 1949: 35 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Congo, Parc National Albert, towards Rweru, Mikeno volcano.

Lymaenon humboldti (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Agonatocerus humboldti Girault, 1913 [149]: 276; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon huxleyi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus huxleyi Girault, 1912 [120]: 134; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Roma.

Lymaenon huyghensi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus huyghensi Girault, 1912 [120]: 143; holotype ♀ in QMBA. TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon huyghensi gratia (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus huyghensi gratia Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Indooroopilly.

Lymaenon ignipes (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus ignipes Girault, 1930 [433]: 5; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Lin et al., 2007: 35 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Amamoor.

Lymaenon indigenus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus indigenus ( Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, no locality given.

Lymaenon indigenus faradayi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus indigenus faradayi Girault, 1938 [452]: 394;? holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Indooroopilly. See Dahms, 1984: 717 for discussion about the type.

Lymaenon io (Girault), comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus io Girault, 1915 [245]: 360 and 1938 [452]: 393; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Capeville.

Lymaenon ionella (Özdikmen) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus ionella Özdikmen, 2011: 840 . Unnecessary replacement name for G. io Girault, 1938, not G. io Girault, 1915. A replacement name is not needed because the 1938 species description (based on a specimen in alcohol) is evidently based on the same specimen (remounted from alcohol) as the 1915 description (see Dahms 1984: 727). Although the descriptions differ they are not incompatible and I am certain they refer to the same specimen. Therefore, G. io Girault, 1938, is simply a redescription of G. io, Girault, 1915 (not a new species description, as Girault claimed) and not a junior primary homonym (as treated by Özdikmen).

Lymaenon iona (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus iona Girault, 1930 [433]: 5; holotype ♀ in QMBA. Lin et al., 2007: 36 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Brookfield.

Lymaenon johnstonia (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus johnstonia Girault, 1917 [303 a]: 13; holotype ♀ in ZMHB. TL: German East Africa [= Tanzania], no locality given.

Lymaenon kabashae Debauche, 1949: 40 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Congo, Parc National Albert, Kanyabayongo (Kabasha).

Lymaenon kalika (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) kalika Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 64 ; holotype ♀ in ZMUC. TL: Denmark, Magleby Strand Amager. See Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 64 for discussion of locality.

Lymaenon karakum (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) karakum Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 65 ; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: Italy, Lazio, Roma, Castelporziano Presidential Estate.

Lymaenon karlik (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) karlik Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 67 ; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: China, Beijing, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen station.

Lymaenon katraps (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) katraps Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 69 ; holotype ♀ in ZIN. TL: Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye.

Lymaenon kazak (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) kazak Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 71 ; holotype ♀ in ZIN. TL: Russia, Krasnodarskiy kray, Krasnodar, All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection.

Lymaenon kivuanus Debauche, 1949: 43 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Congo, Kivu, Rutshuru.

Lymaenon kochi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus kochi Girault, 1936 [446]: 1; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Victoria, Canterbury.

Lymaenon komarik (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) komarik Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 75 ; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: France, Gironde, Saint Colombe.

Lymaenon krasavchik (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) krasavchik Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 76 ; holotype ♀ in ZIN. TL: Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye.

Lymaenon kulik (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) kulik Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 77 ; holotype ♀ in ZIN. TL: Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye.

Lymaenon kum (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) kum Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 79 ; holotype ♀ in CAS. TL: Russia, Sakhalinskaya oblast’, Sakhalin Island, near Anna River mouth.

Lymaenon kusaka (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) kusaka Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 81 ; holotype ♀ in ZIN. TL: Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye.

Lymaenon lamarcki (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus lamarcki Girault, 1912 [120]: 138; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Cookstown.

Lymaenon litoralis (Haliday) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Ooctonus litoralis Haliday, 1833: 344 ; lectotype ♀ in OUMNH. Walker, 1846: 51 (transferred to Lymaenon ); Foerster, 1847: 204 (transferred to Rachistus ); Dalla Torre, 1898: 429 (transferred to Gonatocerus ); Debauche 1948: 89 (transferred back to Lymaenon ); Matthews 1986: 223 (transferred back to Gonatocerus ); Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 48 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Ireland, Co. Down, near Holywood.

Lymaenon americanus (Brues) . Gonatocerus americanus Brues, 1907: 104 ; holotype ♀ in MCPM (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 82 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83.

Lymaenon anthonomi (Girault) . Gonatocerus anthonomi Girault, 1905 [16]: 288; lectotype ♀ in USNM (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 82 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: USA, Georgia, Fort Valley. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83.

Lymaenon arduennae Mathot. Lymaenon arduennae Mathot, 1969: 5 ; holotype ♀ in IRSNB. TL: Belgium, Nafraiture, Ry de Grahais. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Matthews, 1986: 223.

Lymaenon brunneus (Girault) . Gonatocerus brunneus Girault, 1911 [96]: 261; lectotype ♀ in USNM (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: USA, Indiana, no locality given. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83.

Lymaenon effusi Bakkendorf. Lymaenon effusi Bakkendorf, 1934: 23 ; lectotype ♀ in ZMUC (lost). Bakkendorf did not designate a holotype or state the number of specimens he examined so the holotype designation by Matthews (1986: 223) is a lectotype according to ICZN 74.6. Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Denmark, Dyrehaven. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Matthews, 1986: 223.

Lymaenon exiguus Förster. Gonatocerus exiguus Förster 1861 , 43; lectotype ♂ in NHMW (examined). TL: Switzerland, Graubunden, Roseg. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 82.

Lymaenon fuscus (Förster) . Alaptus fuscus Förster, 1861: 43 ; lectotype ♀ in NHMW. TL: Switzerland, Graubunden, Roseg-Tal [valley]. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 82.

Lymaenon maevius (Girault) . Gonatocerus maevius Girault, 1911 [96]: 272; holotype ♀ in INHS (lost). TL: USA, Illinois, Normal. Synonymy under brunneus by Girault, 1929 [428]: 26. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83.

Lymaenon paludis Debauche. Lymaenon paludis Debauche, 1948: 91 ; holotype ♀ in IRSNB. Graham, 1973: 47 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Belgium, Héverlé. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Matthews, 1986: 223.

Lymaenon priesneri (Soyka) . Gonatocerus priesneri Soyka, 1950: 128 ; holotype ♀ in PPDD (lost) [1 ♀ and 1 ♂ paratypes in NHMV (examined)]. Heqvist, 1960: 430 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: Egypt, Gebel Elba, Wadi Aideb. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83.

Lymaenon pulchellus (Hellén) . Gonatocerus pulchellus Hellén, 1974: 11 ; holotype ♀ in ZMH. TL: Finland, Hauho. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Matthews, 1986: 223.

Lymaenon radiculatus (Ahlberg) . Gonatocerus radiculatus Ahlberg, 1925: 85 ; 3 ♀ syntypes in? NHRS. TL: Sweden, Spånga. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Matthews, 1986: 223.

Lymaenon rhacodes Debauche. Lymaenon rhacodes Debauche, 1948: 97 ; holotype ♀ in IRSNB (examined). TL: Belgium, Héverlé. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Matthews, 1986: 223.

Lymaenon texanus (Girault) . Gonatocerus texanus Girault, 1911 [96]: 270; lectotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: USA, Texas, College Station. Synonymy under G. anthonomi by Girault, 1929 [428]: 26. Synonymy under G. litoralis by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 83.

Lymaenon lomonosoffi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus lomonosoffi Girault, 1913 [158]: 79; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon longiclava Viggiani & Jesu, 1995: 104 ; holotype ♀ in DEZA. TL: Cape Verde Islands, São Jorge.

Lymaenon longior (Soyka) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus longior Soyka 1946: 38 ; holotype ♀ in NHMW (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 99 (placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). TL: Austria, Hundsheim [incorrectly stated as Holland, Valkenburg, in Matthews, 1986: 224].

Lymaenon conicus Mathot, 1969: 3 ; holotype ♀ in IRSNB. TL: Belgium, Tervuren. Synonymy under G. longior by Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 99.

Lymaenon macauleyi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus macauleyi (Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Watsonville.

Lymaenon maculatus (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus maculatus (Zeya) in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 117; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh.

Lymaenon malanadensis (Subba Rao) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus malanadensis Subba Rao, 1989: 153 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Karnataka, Mudigere.

Lymaenon manaliensis (Zeya & Anwar) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus manaliensis Zeya & Anwar, 2013: 119 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, Himachal Pradesh, Manali.

Lymaenon mazzinini (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus mazzinini Girault, 1913 [165]: 114; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia: Queensland, Cairns, opposite Double Island.

Lymaenon mediterraneus (Donev & Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatoceru s. Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) mediterraneus Donev & Triapitsyn in Triapitsyn et al., 2013: 281; holotype ♀ in PUPB. TL: Greece, Crete, Heraklion.

Lymaenon merces (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus merces Girault, 1913 [165]: 113; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia: Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon metchnikoffi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus metchnikoffi Girault, 1912 [120]: 132; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale], Mulgrave River.

Lymaenon mirissimus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus mirissimus Girault, 1913 [165]: 112; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon mirus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus mirus Girault, 1938 [452]: 396; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Lin et al., 2007: 36 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon mitjaevi (Triapitsyn & Rakitov) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) mitjaevi Triapitsyn & Rakitov in Rakitov & Triapitsyn, 2013: 545; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: Uzbekistan, Bukhara, Kagan, Ecocenter “Dzheyran”.

Lymaenon molindianus Debauche, 1949: 38 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Congo, Parc National Albert, Molindi River, between Kirumba and Lake Kibuga.

Lymaenon mosesi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus mosesi Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Indooroopilly.

Lymaenon munnarus (Mani & Saraswat) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus munnarus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 89 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Tamil Nadu, Anamalai Hills, Munnar.

Lymaenon musa (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus musa Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane, Mt. Cootha.

Lymaenon musa bayardi (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus musa bayardi Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Indooroopilly.

Lymaenon narayani Subba Rao & Kaur , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus . Lymaenon narayani Subba Rao & Kaur, 1959: 227 ; holotype ♀ in IARI. Subba Rao & Hayat, 1983: 136 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: India, Delhi.

Lymaenon nassaui (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus nassaui Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kingston.

Lymaenon ngandoi Debauche, 1949: 47 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Rwanda, Lake Ngando, base of Karisimbi volcano.

Lymaenon nigricornis (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus nigricornis Girault, 1917 [303 a]: 13; holotype ♀ in ZMHB. TL: German East Africa [= Tanzania], no locality given.

Lymaenon nigricorpus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus nigricorpus Girault, 1917 [303 a]: 14; holotype ♀ in ZMHB (lost). TL: German East Africa [= Tanzania], no locality given.

Lymaenon nigritarsis (Ashmead) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus nigritarsis Ashmead, 1887: 192 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: USA, Florida, Jacksonville.

Lymaenon nonsulcatus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus nonsulcatus Girault, 1915 [228]: 157; holotype ♂ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Cloncurry.

Lymaenon notabilis (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus notabilis Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Indooroopilly.

Lymaenon novickyi (Soyka) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus novickyi Soyka, 1946: 38 ; holotype ♀ in NHMW (examined). [A“co-type” in USNM (examined) belongs to Gonatocerus ]. Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 99 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Austria, Ziklake near St. Andrä, Neusiedler See. Lymaenon fossarum Hincks. Lymaenon fossarum Hincks, 1952: 64 ; holotype ♀ in MMUE. Bouček & Graham, 1978 a: 109 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: England, Humberside, Spurn, Walker Butts Bank Dyke. Synonymy under G. novickyi by Matthews, 1986: 227.

Lymaenon nox (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus nox Girault, 1913 [155]: 258; holotype ♀ in QMBA (lost). TL: Australia, Queensland, Ayr.

Lymaenon nuntius (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus nuntius Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Watsonville.

Lymaenon nyashekensis Debauche, 1949: 33 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Congo, Parc National Albert, Nyasheke, Nyamuragira volcano.

Lymaenon orientalis (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus orientalis Girault 1917 [303 a]: 13; holotype ♀ in ZMHB. TL: German East Africa [= Tanzania], no locality given.

Lymaenon ornatus ( Gahan, 1918) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus ornatus Gahan, 1918: 23 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: USA, Arizona, Tempe.

Lymaenon pachyscapha (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus pachyscapha Girault, 1915 [245]: 359; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Capeville (Pentland).

Lymaenon partifuscipennis (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus partifuscipennis Girault, 1916 [265]: 102; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: USA, Maryland, Glendale.

Lymaenon pater (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus pater Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Watsonville.

Lymaenon perdix (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus perdix Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Dayboro.

Lymaenon poincarei (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus poincarei Girault, 1913 [165]: 113; holotype ♀ in QMBA (destroyed). TL: Australia, Queensland, Harvey’s Creek.

Lymaenon pratensis Ogloblin, 1936: 48 , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Lymaenon pratensis Ogloblin, 1936: 48 ; lectotype ♀ in MLPA. De Santis, 1967: 10, 105 (transferred to Gonatocerus ); Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 53 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Argentina: Misiones, Loreto.

Lymaenon prometheus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Ooctonus prometheus Girault, 1915 [228]: 155; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Lin et al., 2007: 36 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon prongandoi Viggiani & Jesu, 1995: 102 ; holotype ♀ in DEZA. TL: Cape Verde Is., São Jorge.

Lymaenon protamiranus Viggiani & Jesu, 1995: 106 ; holotype ♀ in DEZA. TL: Cape Verde Is., São Jorge.

Lymaenon pygmaeus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus pygmaeus Girault, 1911 [96]: 269; lectotype ♀ in USNM (examined). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 68 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]; Triapitsyn, 2013 b: 220 (lectotype designation). TL: USA, Mississippi, no locality given.

Lymaenon ramakrishnai Subba Rao & Kaur , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus . Lymaenon ramakrishnai Subba Rao & Kaur, 1959: 232 ; holotype ♀ in IARI. Subba Rao & Hayat, 1983: 136 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: India, Delhi.

Lymaenon ramamurthyi (Zeya & Anwar) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus ramamurthyi Zeya and Anwar, 2013: 120 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, Uttarakhand, Roorkee, Chhittarwala.

Lymaenon renani (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Cosmocomoidea renani Girault, 1913 [160]: 327; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (transferred to Gonatocerus ). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon rohinavotrae Risbec, 1952: 438 ; holotype ♀ in MHNP (examined). TL: Madagascar, La Mandraka.

Lymaenon romae (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus romae Girault, 1928 [421]: 3; holotype ♀ in QMBA. TL: Australia, Queensland, Roma.

Lymaenon romae boiardini (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus romae boiardini Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Gatton.

Lymaenon saintpierrei (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus saintpierrei Girault 1913 [173]: 112; holotype ♂ in QMBA. TL: Australia, Queensland, Kuranda.

Lymaenon langlandi Girault, 1938 [452]: 395. Unnecessary replacement name for Lymaenon saintpierrei (Girault, 1913) , not Boudiennyia saintpierrei (Girault, 1913) , as explained in Lin et al., 2007: 36.

Lymaenon saulfrommeri (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) saulfrommeri Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 107 ; holotype ♀ in ZIN. TL: Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye.

Lymaenon shakespearei (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus shakespearei Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; 2 ♀ syntypes in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Northern Territory, Port Darwin; Queensland, Cloncurry.

Lymaenon silhouettae (Masi) . Gonatocerus silhouettae Masi, 1917: 228 ; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). Heqvist, 1960: 430 (transferred to Lymaenon ). TL: Seychelles Is., Silhouette I., Mare aux Cochons.

Lymaenon spectabilis (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus spectabilis Zeya , in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 110; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh.

Lymaenon spinozae (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus spinozae Girault, 1912 [120]: 140; holotype ♀ in QMBA. TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon straeleni (Debauche) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Decarthrius straeleni Debauche, 1949: 23 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC (examined). Annecke & Doutt, 1961: 13 (transferred to Gahanopsis and synonymy under G. deficiens ); Triapitsyn et al., 2010: 42 [transferred to Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ); implied removal from synonym under G. deficiens ]. TL: Congo: Parc National Albert, Nyasheke, Nyamuragira volcano, 1820m.

Lymaenon sulcatus (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus sulcatus Girault, 1915 [228]: 157; holotype ♂ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Cloncurry.

Lymaenon sundus (Zeya & Anwar) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus sundus Zeya & Anwar, 2013: 117 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, West Bengal, Darjeeling, Gorabari.

Lymaenon svat (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) svat Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 107 ; holotype ♀ in UCRC. TL: China, Beijing, Mentougou District, Xiaolongmen Station.

Lymaenon tamilanus (Mani & Saraswat) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus tamilanus Mani & Saraswat, 1973: 93 ; holotype ♀ in USNM (examined). TL: India, Vanadur forest.

Lymaenon tamiranus Debauche, 1949: 50 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Rwanda, Mount Tamira, near Lake Ngando.

Lymaenon taringae (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus taringae Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Taringa.

Lymaenon terrigena (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus terrigena Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Dayboro.

Lymaenon thyrides Debauche , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Lymaenon thyrides Debauche, 1948: 101 ; holotype ♀ in IRSNB (examined). Matthews, 1986: 223 (implied transfer to Gonatocerus ). Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 109 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Belgium, Forêt de Loverval.

Lymaenon tolstoii (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus tolstoii Girault, 1913 [158]: 78; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon triapitsyni (Zeya, Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus triapitsyni Zeya, Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar, 2012: 6 ; holotype ♀ in ZDAMU. TL: India, Uttar Pradesh [no locality given].

Lymaenon tricolor (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus tricolor Girault, 1913 [165]: 112; holotype ♂ in QMBA (examined, only one fore wing remaining). TL: Australia, Queensland, Nelson [= Gordonvale].

Lymaenon ucri (Triapitsyn) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) ucri Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 113 ; holotype ♀ in ZIN. TL: Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye.

Lymaenon vanharteni (Jesu & Viggiani) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus vanharteni Jesu & Viggiani, 2004: 79 ; holotype ♀ in? DEZA (type depository not given); Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 5 (species name in original description unavailable). TL: Yem en, L ahj.

Lymaenon venustus (Zeya) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus venustus Zeya in Zeya & Hayat, 1995: 123; holotype ♀ in BMNH (examined). TL: India, Bihar, Davision, Gaya.

Lymaenon vidanoi Viggiani & Jesu , comb. rev. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Lymaenon vidanoi Viggiani & Jesu, 1987: 29 ; holotype ♀ in DEZA. Triapitsyn, 2013 a: 115 [placed in Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon )]. TL: Italy, Torino, Susa.

Lymaneon vladimiri (Triapitsyn), comb. n. from Gonatocerus ( Lymaenon ). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) vladimiri Triapitsyn, 2013 b: 220 ; holotype ♀ ( USNM). TL: USA, New York, Ontario Co., Geneva, Cornell University New York State Agricultural Experiment Station.

Lymaenon wittei Debauche, 1949: 52 ; holotype ♀ in MRAC. TL: Rwanda, Ruhengeri, Kiri springs.

Lymaenon yerongae (Girault) , comb. n. from Gonatocerus . Gonatocerus yerongae Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; holotype ♀ in QMBA (examined). TL: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane, Teronga [Yeronga].

Figures

FIGURES 6 – 9. Dorsal views: 6, Gonatocerus sp., entire body; 7, Lymaenon sp., entire body; 8, Lymaenon sp., pronotum, the lateral lobes widely separated medially; 9, Cosmocomoidea sp., pronotum, the lateral lobes abutting medially. Maximum diameter across mesoscutum (just anterior to fore wing base): 8 = 300 Μm, 9 = 330 Μm.

FIGURES 175, 176. Lymaenon spp., habitus: 175, Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, 2 ° 21.60 ' N 16 ° 03.20 ' E, 350 m, 23 – 24. v. 2001, S. van Noort, lowland rainforest (funicle 7 - segmented); 176, Malaysia, Sarawak, Gunung Buda, 4 ° 13 ' N 114 ° 56 ' E, 5. xi. 1996, S. L. Heydon & S. Fung (fl 6 and fl 7 white). Scale bars = 500 Μm.

FIGURES 177, 178. Lymaenon spp., habitus: 177, South Africa, West Cape, Kogelberg Nature Reserve, 3416.48 ' S 19 ° 01.03 ' E, 16. xi – 16. xii. 1998, S. van Noort, mesic mountain fynbos (ovipositor sheaths extending posteriorly well beyond gastral apex); 178, Australia, South Australia, 32 km N. Renmark, 263 m, 33 ° 53 ' S 140 ° 43 ' E, 15. ii – 15. iv. 2000, D. C. Darling (fore wing banded, ovipositor sheaths exserted anteriorly to head). Scale bars = 500 Μm.

FIGURES 179 – 184. Lymaenon sp., head: 179, anterior; 178, dorsal; 181, lateral; 182, posterior; 183, ventral; 184, mouthparts, ventral. Scale bars = 50 Μm.

FIGURES 185 – 190. Lymaenon sp.: 185, mesosoma dorsal; 186, mesosoma lateral; 187, mesosoma ventral; 188, mesosoma ventroanterior; 189, metasoma dorsal; 190, metasoma lateral. Scale bars = 50 Μm.

FIGURES 84 – 89. Gahanopsis deficiens, head: 84, anterior; 85, dorsal; 86, lateral; 87, posterior; 88, ventral; 89, mouthparts. Scale bars = 50 Μm.