Japalura sagittifera Smith, 1940

Denzer, Wolfgang & Manthey, Ulrich, 2019, Catalogue of type specimens of the agamid lizard genus Japalura s. l. (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae), Zootaxa 4612 (1), pp. 109-125 : 118-122

Japalura sagittifera Smith, 1940

Rec. Indian Mus. 42: 477

Lectotype: NHMUK 1946.8 .13.97 (formerly NHMUK 1940.6.1.44), male, “ Pangnamdim , Triangle, Upper Burma ”, coll. R. Kaulback, between 1937 and 1939

Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1946.8 .13.96 (formerly NHMUK 1940.6.1.43), female ; NHMUK 1946.8.14.92–99 (formerly NHMUK 1940.6.1.45–50) and NHMUK 1946.8.13.1–2 (formerly NHMUK 1940.6.3.34–49), five males and 5 females, same data as lectotype ; NHMUK 1974.844 – 845 , Pangnamdin , 27°42’N 97°54’E (3,000 ft), N. Burma, Putao, Kachin, Myanmar, don. R. Kaulback

Type locality: Pangnamdim, Dadung, Upper Myanmar

Remarks: Smith (1940) had six males and six females at the time of the original description and designated one male and one female (NHMUK 1940.6.1.43–44) as types. The remaining specimens he considered as paratypes ( Smith 1940: 478). Mahony (2009) designated the male as the lectotype and all remaining specimens as paralectotypes. The collection has two further specimens ( NHMUK 1974.844 – 45 ) that have been donated by R. Kaulback which we also consider paralectotypes.

Japalura slowinskii Rao, Vindum, Ma, Fu & Wilkinson, 2017 = Diploderma slowinskii ( Rao, Vindum, Ma, Fu & Wilkinson, 2017)

AHR 8(2): 88

Holotype: KIZ2000 R0608, adult male, from a small village S of Fugong (County), along Nu River , 26°48’44.0”N, 98°53’10.7”E, ca. 1,138m asl, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, coll. D.Q. Rao and J. B. Slowinski, 14 July 2000

Paratypes: KIZ-JBS 04233, 04235, 04237, 16133– 34, 16137, 16254, CAS 214971–73 , 214989–215003 , 215053 , all same data as holotype ; CAS 214906 , from a small village N of Gongshan (County) on E bank of Nu River , 27°48’21.4”N, 98°41’03.9”E, ca. 1,509m asl, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, coll. D.Q. Rao and J. B. Slowinski, 8 July 2000 ; CAS 214951– 52 , 214954 from Fugong along Nu River , 26°54’31.9”N, 98°51’59.8”E, ca. 1,206m asl, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, coll. D.Q. Rao and J. B. Slowinski, 11/ 12 July 2000 ; CAS 215053 , male, near town of Luzhang, on eastern slope of Gaoligongshan , 25°56’47.2”N, 98°46’10.2”E, ca. 2,139m asl, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, coll. D.Q. Rao and J. B. Slowinski, 22 July 2000 ; CAS 228178 , female, along Fugong-Liuku road, E side of Nu River , 26°50’42.9”N, 98°52’42.9”E, ca. 1,231m asl, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, coll. D. Q. Rao, J. A. Wilkinson and J. V. Vindum, 10 Oct. 2002

Type locality: Village S of Fugong (County), along Nu River, 26°48’44.0”N, 98°53’10.7”E, ca. 1,138m asl, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China

Remarks: Liver tissue (in ethanol) has been taken from the following paratypes: CAS 214906 (male), 214951, 214952, 214954 (male), 214989 (male), 214990 (male), 214992, 215053 (male), 228178 (female)

Japalura splendida Barbour & Dunn, 1919 = Diploderma splendidum ( Barbour & Dunn, 1919)

Proc. New England zool. Club 7: 18

Holotype: USNM 35522 , “from the gorge of the Yangtze River near Ichang, Hupeh, central China ”, coll. E. Blackwelder 1904

Paratypes: USNM 35523 , half-grown, Taninghsien , eastern end of the Chihsiting Pass , eastern Szechuan, near to Hupeh frontier ; USNM 35524 , from Liangho in the Chinling Mountains of Shensi , both coll. E Blackwelder 1904

Type locality: Yangtze River (= Chang Jiang), near Ichang (= Yichang Shi), Hubei, China

Remarks: See also Diploderma ngoclinensis .

Japalura swinhonis Günther, 1864 = Diploderma swinhonis ( Günther, 1864)

Rept. Brit. India: 133

Holotype: NHMUK 1946.8.14 (original number NHMUK 1859.12.20.7), male, Formosa, coll. R. Swinhoe (specimen a Boulenger 1885)

Type locality: Restricted to Tamsui, Formosa (= Taiwan) by Stejneger 1907

Remarks: Ota (1988a) studied the karyotypes of what was at that time (according to Liang & Wang 1976) considered to represent J. s. swinhonis . Ota (l. c.) reported three distinct karyomorphs which subsequently proved to be representatives of three different species, namely J. p. xanthostoma (= Diploderma p. xanthostoma), J. brevipes (= D. brevipes ), and J. makii (= D. makii ) (Ota, 1989, 1989b, 1991a). See also comments under J. mitsukurii .

Japalura swinhonis chapaensis Bourret, 1937 = Diploderma chapaense ( Bourret, 1937)

Bull. Gén. de l’Instr. Publ. 5: 62

Holotype: MHNP 1948.45 (S. 31, 2019/1) Ag 221, female, Chapa ( Tonkin), coll. Bourret

Type locality: Chapa, Vietnam

Remarks: Guibé (1954: 31) considered two additional specimens (MHNP 1948.46 & MHNP1948.47) as part of a syntype series. However, Brygoo (1988) stated that the holotype is clearly identified as MHNP 1948.45 and both remaining lizards of the series do not have type character. Ota (1989c) showed that chapaensis does not constitute a subspecies of J. swinhonis but represents a species in its own right based on the unique female holotype collected by Bourret. Later Ota & Weidenhöfer (1992) reported a first male topotypical specimen of this species (KUZ 20097).

Japalura swinhonis formosensis Liang & Wang, 1976 = Diploderma swinhonis ( Günther, 1864)

Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 29 (1&2): 162

Holotype: NTUM R0045 , male, Puli (540 m above sea level), Nan-tou Hsien, coll. C. H. Lee, April 1966

Paratypes: NTUM R0046–0143 , same data as holotype ; NTUM R0144–0145 , Kuantzulin, Chia-i Hsien, coll. Mrs. Mo-chau Liu Yu, Oct. 1965

Type locality: Puli, Nantou, Taiwan

Remarks: All the types that we could trace are located in the NTUM collection (National Taiwan University Museum). Liang & Wang (1976) listed three more unregistered specimens, the whereabouts of which are unknown.

In their Chinese summary Liang & Wang (1976) erroneously applied the name Japalura formosania to their newly described subspecies. This name has to be considered a nomen nudum. Japalura swinhonis formosensis Liang & Wang, 1976 was initially synonymized with J. mitsukurii by Ota (1988b), a species that is nowadays considered to be conspecific with Diploderma swinhonis ( Günther, 1864) .

Japalura szechwanensis Hu & Zhao, 1966 = Diploderma fasciatum ( Mertens, 1926)

Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 3 (2): 158

Holotype: CIB 613047 , male, Bai Shui Ho, 2,000 m asl, Peng Hsien, Szechwan, China, coll. Liu Chen-chao and Wu Kuan-fu, 9 May 1961

Allotype: CIB 613046 , female, same locality and date as holotype

Paratype: CIB 625131 , male, Tien Tsuan Hsien , 1,400 m asl. (= Tianquan Xien), Szechwan, China, Aug. 1962

Type locality: Bai Shui Ho, 2,000 m asl, Peng Hsien (= Pen Xien), Sichuan, China

Remarks: We follow Ota (2000a) and consider J. szechwanensis conspecific with J. fasciata (= Diploderma fasciatum ).

Japalura tricarinata ( Blyth, 1853) see Calotes tricarinatus Blyth, 1853 and Tiaris elliotti Günther, 1860

Japalura variegata Gray, 1853 see also Biancia niger Gray 1853 , Japalura bengalensis Annandale, 1912 and Japalura microlepis Jerdon, 1870

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 12: 388

Syntypes: NHMUK 1946.8.14.4–5 (originally NHMUK 1853.8.12.7), one female and one halfgrown, Sikkim, Himalaya, coll. J. Hooker

Type locality: Sikkim, Northeast India

Remarks: Seventeen lots were listed by Boulenger (1885: 309) under J. variegata , six of which have type status. NHMUK 1946.8.14.4–5 are the types of J. variegata and correspond to Boulenger’s (1885: 309) specimens a and b. NHMUK 1853.8.12.5 and NHMUK 1946.8.14.2–3 (originally NHMUK 1853.8.12.6) are the types of Bianca niger and correspond to Boulenger’s (1885: 309) specimens c, d and e. Boulenger’s (1885: 309) specimen g is the type of J. microlepis and is registered NHMUK 1946.8.14.10 (originally NHMUK 1870.11.29.44). Japalura variegata is the type species of the genus Japalura .

Japalura vela Wang, Jiang, Pan, Hou, Siler & Che, 2015 = Diploderma vela (Wang, Jiang, Pan, Hou, Siler & Che, 2015)

AHR 6 (3): 160

Holotype: KIZ013801 , adult male, Quzika of Markam , eastern Tibet, PR China (29°5’ N, 98°36’ E), 2370 m asl, coll. K. Jiang and K. Wang, 23 May 2013

Paratypes: KIZ013802 and KIZ013813 , two adult females; KIZ013800 and KIZ013805–013811 , eight adult males, all same locality data as the holotype, coll. by K. Jiang, K. Wang and D. You

Type locality: Quzika of Markam (29°5’ N, 98°36’ E), eastern Tibet, PR China

Japalura yulongensis Manthey, Denzer, Hou & Wang, 2012 = Diploderma yulongense ( Manthey, Denzer, Hou & Wang, 2012)

Zootaxa 3200: 34

Holotype: ZMB 76395 (formerly ZMB 28932 part), adult male, Ulukay Village , eastern slopes of the Yulong Snow Mountains, near Lijiang, coll. C. Schneider, between July and Oct 1914.

Paratypes. ZMB 76396–76399 (formerly ZMB 28932 part), three adult males , ZMB 76400, 76401 (formerly ZMB 28932 part), two adult females, same collection data as holotype

Type locality: Ulukay Village, eastern slopes of the Yulong Snow Mountains, near Lijiang (ca. 26°53’N, 100°11’E,> 2,500 m elevation), northwestern Yunnan, PR China

Remarks: Unfortunately author names for this species have been misquoted as Manthey, Denzer, Mian and Xiahoe (see Gemel et al. 2019). This particular error occurred because the Chinese authors of the original publication preferred to have their surname mentioned first. The correct citation is Manthey, Denzer, Hou & Wang.

Japalura yunnanensis Anderson, 1878 = Diploderma yunnanense (Anderson, 1878)

Anat. Zool. Researches: 803, pl. lxxvi fig. 2

Types: two females, neighbourhood of (Momien), Teng-yue-chow, most probably lost

Type locality: Teng-yue-chow, Momien, W. Yunnan, China

Remarks: Anderson (1870: 45) listed this species as Japalura chinensis n. sp. (nomen nudum) and Anderson (1871: 32) as Japalura nov. sp. before the actual original description was published (see Manthey & Denzer 2012). Pope (1935: 467) failed to trace the type specimens and Smith (1935) reported them lost. It should be noted that several type specimens of species described by Anderson (1878) in the same publication were listed by Das et al. (1998) for the ZSI collection among them the scincid lizard Mocoa exigua (= Scincella modesta ( Günther, 1864)) as well as turtles and tortoises; hence there is a remote chance that the types are still extant in the ZSI collection. Unfortunately, we were unable to trace the type specimens at this time. NHMUK has a topotype listed (1932.12.1.1, male, Teng-yuch, S. W. Yunnan; received in exchange from AMNH)

Japalura yunnanensis popei Wettstein, 1938 = Diploderma swinhonis ( Günther, 1864)

Zool. Anz. 122: 176

Holotype: NMW 23358:1, male, Cambodja, don. Steindachner 1904

Paratypes: NMW 23358:2–3, one male and one female, Cambodja, don. Steindachner 1904

Type locality: unknown; Cambodia in error according to Ota (2000b).

Remarks: David & Ineich (2009) list “NHMW 10862; male” as the holotype. However, this number constitutes the original catalogue entry for the male paratype. We follow Ota (2000b) and consider J. yunnanensis popei conspecific with D. swinhonis .

Japalura zhaoermii Gao & Hou, 2002 = Diploderma zhaoermii ( Gao & Hou, 2002)

Sichuan J. Zool. 21 (2): 3 (in Chinese), 5 (in English)

Holotype: CIB 2001 – GZF0001 , adult male, Mianchi Town (31.35°N, 103.57°E), Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, elevation 1,240 meters, coll. Z. Gao, Q. Liu and A Qin, 25 Aug 2001

Allotype: CIB2001 – GZF0002 , adult female, same data as the holotype.

Paratypes: CIB2001 – GZF003 –F0005, three males; CIB2001 – GZF0006 – GZF0007 , two females, same data as the holotype; 2 sub-adults ( CIB2001 – GZF0008 , CIB2001 – GZF0009 ), two subadults, same locality data, coll. M. Hou, 14 Aug 2001 .

Type locality: Mianchi Town (31.35°N, 103.57°E), Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China

Oreocalotes major Jerdon, 1870 = Japalura major ( Jerdon, 1870)

Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, March 1870: 77

Holotype: NHMUK 1946.8 .14.7 (original number NHMUK 1870.11.29.38), female, “Sutlej near Kotegurh”, pres. T. C. Jerdon

Type locality: Valley of the Sutlej near Kotegurh, Western Himalaya (= Kotgarh fide Smith 1935)

Remarks: Jerdon (1870) had only a single specimen that we therefore fix as the holotype.

Oriotiaris dasi Shah & Kästle, 2002 = Japalura dasi ( Shah & Kästle, 2002)

In Schleich, H.H. & Kästle, W. 2002. Amph. Rept. Nepal: 608

Holotype: ZSM 855 /2012 ( SHHS 2001 /11), male, in and near Agaupani , Bajura District, West-Nepal, (29°26’54’’N, 81°36’11’’E), coll. K.B. Shah, 17 May 1997

Paratypes: ZSM 856 /2012 ( SHHS 2001 /12), female ; ZSM 857 /2012 ( SHHS 2001 /13), female; both with the same data as the holotype

Type locality: Agaupani, Bajhura District, Nepal

Remarks: The types were originally deposited in the Fuhlrott Museum, Wuppertal, Germany. After the closure of the museum most of the herpetological specimens went to the ZSM. Additional specimens with potential type character originally deposited in the Natural History Museum, Kathmandu, Nepal could not be traced.

Phoxophrys grahami Stejneger, 1924 = Diploderma grahami ( Stejneger, 1924)

Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 120

Holotype: USNM 65500 , juvenile, undetermined sex, Sui-fu, Province of Szechwan , China, coll. D. C. Graham

Type locality: Sui-fu, Szechwan [= Sichuan], China

Tiaris elliotti Günther, 1860 = Japalura tricarinata ( Blyth, 1853) fide Boulenger (1885)

Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1860: 151, pl. xxv, fig. B

Syntypes: NHMUK 1946.8 .28.9, female, Sikkim, Himalaya , coll. v. Schlagintweit ; NHMUK 1946.8.13.98–99 (original number NMHUK 1853.8.12.1–2), one male and one female pres. J Hooker

Type locality: Sikkim, Northeast India

Remarks: Although Günther (1860) only gives the measurements for one of the specimens, the description is based on male and female characters. Günther (1860) mentioned 4 specimens (one from Schlagintweit and three from Hooker). Boulenger (1885: 307) still mentioned this number (specimens a, b–d). However, the museum register of 1946 only has two specimens assigned as types (1946.8.13.98–99) with consecutive numbers. The female specimen from Schagintweit (specimen a in Boulenger) considered to be part of the type series was re-registered separately to NHMUK 1946.8.28.9. One of the specimens mentioned in Günther (1860) and Boulenger (1885) was apparently missing. During a later cataloguing exercise in 1962 two lots were stated missing. In our recent survey we found three specimens to be present in the collection. We could not trace the whereabouts of the fourth specimen and cannot be sure when it was lost. As the characters given in the original publication are concerned with more than one specimen we therefore consider all three currently existing specimens as syntypes.