Hoplothrips, Amyot & Serville, 1843

Mound, Laurence A., Wang, Jun & Tree, Desley J., 2020, The genus Hoplothrips in Australia (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae), with eleven new species, Zootaxa 4718 (3), pp. 301-323 : 303-304

Key to Hoplothrips species from Australia

1. Prosternal basantra present in both sexes ( Fig. 24 ) but sometimes weakly sclerotised and scarcely visible in females ( Fig 30 ) ................................................................................................... 2

-. Prosternal basantra not developed as distinct sclerites ( Fig. 25 )................................................. 4

2. Antennal segment III with a prominent ring-like ridge near base ( Fig. 45 ); fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes; male sternite VIII with a slender transverse pore plate ( Fig. 64 ).................................................. woodsi sp.n.

-. Antennal segment III without a prominent ridge near base; fore tarsal tooth absent or minute in female; male sternite VIII with- out a pore plate....................................................................................... 3

3. Ocellar region of head weakly reticulate ( Figs 4–6 ); apterae with about 9 facets in each compound eye; pronotal am setae capi- tate and as long as aa setae; female fore tarsus without a tooth; female with prosternal basantra present........... fungosus

-. Ocellar region of head without reticulate sculpture; apterae with about 14 facets in each compound eye; pronotal am setae pointed and much shorter than aa setae; fore tarsus with small tooth at inner apex; female with prosternal basantra weak or absent.................................................................................... lowdeni sp.n.

4. Pronotum with notopleural sutures incomplete anterolaterally ( Fig. 17 )........................................... 5

-. Pronotum with notopleural sutures complete anterolaterally ( Fig. 7 )............................................. 6

5. Prosternal ferna fused into narrow transverse band ( Fig. 29 ); large fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes; antennal segment III with 1 sense cone; male sternite VIII with 3 small pore plates arranged in triangle ( Fig. 61 ).................... reedi sp.n.

-. Prosternal ferna not fused, separated by small median gap ( Fig. 27 ); fore tarsal tooth absent in female; antennal segment III with 2 sense cones; male not known.................................................................. tarsus sp.n.

6. Maxillary stylets parallel in middle of head and more than 1/4 of head width apart ( Fig. 1 )........................... 7

-. Maxillary stylets close together medially in head and no more than 1/8 of head width apart ( Fig. 3 ).................... 9

7. Antennal segment IV with numerous small sensory hairs in both sexes ( Fig. 31 ); fore tarsal tooth absent in female................................................................................................. bellingeni sp.n.

-. Antennal segment IV without small sensory hairs in both sexes ( Fig. 36 ); fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes.......... 8

8. Macroptera with 2 sense cones on antennal segments III and IV (apterae not known); fore wing without duplicated cilia; male with slender pore plate fully across sternite VIII; tube yellowish, paler or equal in colour to abdominal segment IX...................................................................................................... connexus

-. Macroptera with 3 sense cones on antennal segments III and IV, but aptera with on 2 sense cones on III & IV; fore wing with 5–6 duplicated cilia; male sternite VIII with small transverse pore plate medially; tube darker brown than abdominal segment IX........................................................................................ nelsoni sp.n.

9. Metanotum with pair of capitate setae posteromedially ( Fig. 53 ); male sternite VIII almost fully occupied by pore plate................................................................................................... oudeus

-. Metanotum with median setal pair pointed; male pore plate not so extensive...................................... 10

10. Metanotal discal area of micropterae with 5–12 small fine setae ( Fig. 50 ), macropterae with at least 4 such setae, in addition to the major setal pair; pronotal midlateral setae no larger than discal setae ( Fig. 18 ); males with extensive specialized reticulate areas laterally on sternites II–VII ( Fig. 66 ).......................................................... melanurus

-. Metanotal discal area with no more than one pair of minor setae medially, in addition to the major setal pair; pronotal midlateral setae well developed; males with specialised reticulate areas absent, smaller or on fewer sternites..................... 11

11. Pronotal posteroangular setae unusually short, scarcely longer than maximum width of third antennal segment.......... 12

-. Pronotal posteroangular setae long, at least as long as length of third antennal segment............................. 13

12. Large, dark brown species with dark brown antennae; genae with prominent setae ( Fig. 7 ); fore wing with more than 20 duplicated cilia; male sternite VIII without pore plate.................................................. giganteus sp.n.

-. Small light brown species with light brown antennae; genae without prominent setae ( Fig. 14 ); fore wing with less than 10 duplicated cilia; male sternite VIII with indistinct, irregular pore plate ( Fig. 60 ).......................... oakeyi sp.n.

13. Major setae on head and pronotum capitate; female fore tarsal tooth blunt, shorter than half of tarsal width. lamingtoni sp.n.

-. Major setae on head and pronotum pointed; female fore tarsal tooth larger and pointed............................. 14

14. Macropterae with antennal segment IV bearing many small sensory hairs ventrally, but micropterae with only a few near apex of segment IV ( Figs 42–44 )..................................................................... semicaecus

-. Macropterae and micropterae without sensory hairs ventrally on antennal segment IV.............................. 15

15. Pronotal posteroangular setae at least 1.4 times as long as epimeral setae ( Fig. 9 ) [male sternite VIII with transverse pore plate less than half of sternite width ( Fig. 58 )]......................................................... lihongae sp.n.

-. Pronotal posteroangular and epimeral setae equal in length................................................... 16

16. Tergite IX setae S1 acute, longer than tube................................................................ 17

-. Tergite IX setae S1 no more than 0.7 as long as tube, apices sometimes not acute.................................. 18

17. Macropterae with antennal segments IV–V fully brown; micropterae with pedicels of antennal segments IV–V no longer than wide, III truncate at apex ( Fig. 40 ); male sternite VIII with transverse pore plate extending across sternite width ( Fig. 63 )................................................................................................. poultoni

-. Macropterae with antennal segments IV–V yellow at base; micropterae with pedicels of antennal segments IV–V slender, longer than wide, III with apex not truncate ( Fig. 38 ); male sternite VIII transverse pore plate no wider than half of sternite width ( Fig. 59 )................................................................................. wrightae sp.n.

18. Antennal segments III–IV with sense cones long, curved and acute, on III distinctly longer than apex of segment ( Fig. 39 ); pelta with posterolateral angles curving away from anterior margin of tergite II ( Fig. 52 ).......................... orientalis

-. Antennal segments III–IV with sense cones short, straight and blunt, on III about as long as apex of segment ( Fig. 32 ); pelta with posterolateral angles confluent with anterior margin of tergite II ( Fig. 47 )................................ corticis

Figures

FIGURES 21–30. Hoplothrips species. Head 21–22 (21) wrightae female; (22) wrightae male. Prosternum 23–30 (23) bellingeni; (24) fungosus; (25) lihongae; (26) lowdeni male; (27) tarsus; (28) wrightae; (29) reedi; (30) woodsi (B–basantra; F–ferna; M–mesoeusternum anterior margin).

FIGURES 31–45. Hoplothrips species antennae. (31) bellingeni; (32) corticis (III–V); (33) giganteus; (34) lihongae; (35) lowdeni; (36) nelsoni; (37) oakeyi; (38) wrightae; (39) orientalis (III–V); (40) poultoni; (41) reedi; (42) semicaecus female macroptera; (43) semicaecus female microptera; (44) semicaecus male microptera; (45) woodsi.

FIGURES 53–66. Hoplothrips species. Metanotum & pelta 53–54 (53) oudeus; (54) woodsi. (55) tarsus pelta. (56) lamingtoni tergite II. Male sternite VIII pore plate 57–64 (57) corticis; (58) lihongae; (59) wrightae; (60) oakeyi; (61) reedi; (62) melanurus (VII–VIII); (63) poultoni; (64) woodsi. Male sternites 65–66 (65) giganteus (VII); (66) melanurus (V–VI).

FIGURES 1–9. Hoplothrips species—head and pronotum. (1) bellingeni female; (2) bellingeni male; (3) corticis; (4) fungosus female aptera; (5) fungosus female macroptera; (6) fungosus male aptera; (7) giganteus; (8) lamingtoni; (9) lihongae.

FIGURES 10–20. Hoplothrips species—head and pronotum. (10) lowdeni male; (11) lowdeni female; (12) nelsoni male; (13) nelsoni female; (14) oakeyi female; (15) oakeyi male; (16) reedi male; (17) reedi pronotum; (18) melanurus pronotum; (19) tarsus; (20) semicaecus female macroptera.

FIGURES 46–52. Hoplothrips species—metanotum & pelta. (46) bellingeni; (47) corticis; (48) giganteus; (49) lamingtoni; (50) melanurus; (51) oakeyi; (52) orientalis.