Parasenegalia visco (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger, 2017

Seigler, David S., Ebinger, John E., Riggins, Chance W., Terra, Vanessa & Miller, Joseph T., 2017, Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia (Fabaceae): New Genera of the Mimosoideae, Novon 25, pp. 180-205 : 194-196

6. Parasenegalia visco (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger , comb. nov.

Basionym: Acacia visco Lorentz ex Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen. 19: 135, 279. 1874. [Pl. Lorentz. 87. 18 74.]

Senegalia visco (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger in Seigler et al. , Phytologia 88(1): 78. 2006. TYPE: Argentina. Catamarca: Fuerte de Andalgala ad rivulos, 13 Jan. 1872, P. G. Lorentz 34 0 (lectotype, designated here, GOET [image!] [11463]; isolectotypes, CORD [image!] [barcode] CORD00004860, SI [image!] [bc] SI001494). Figure 8 .

Acacia concinna Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 2: 170. 1870, nom. illeg., non Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 2: 464. 1825. TYPE: Argentina. Mendoza: in hortis, Philippi s.n. (lectotype, designated here, SGO [image seen] [barcode] SGO000002427, SGO photo at SI; isolectotypes, SGO fragm. at SI, SI photo at F! [27897], G, MO).

Acacia platensis Manganaro, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 87: 128– 133, figs. 12, 13. 1919. Manganaroa platensis (Manganaro) Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 26: 254, pls. 255, 257, 265.1921. TYPE:Argentina (lectotype,designated by Cialdella, 1984: 96, LP [barcode] LPS24314).

Acacia polyphylla Clos in Gay, Fl. Chil. 2: 254. 1846, nom. illeg., non Acacia polyphylla DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp., 74. 18 13. Lysiloma polyphyllum Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 535. 1875. TYPE: Chile. ‘‘Pcia. Coquimbo, San Isidro, 1836, an culta’’ (lectotype, designated here, SGO [image seen]; isolectotypes, BR! [barcode] BR0000005117031, K [image seen] [bc] K000530853, P [image seen] [bc] P02142747. P [image seen] [bc] P03641821, P [image seen] [bc] P0 3 6 4 1 8 2 2, P [image seen] [bc] P03641823, P [image seen] [bc] P03641824, SGO fragm. at SI [image seen] [bc] SI661495).

Acacia riparia Kunth b [var.] angustifoliola Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 47. 1898. TYPE: Bolivia. Santa Cruz: Sierra de Santa Cruz, 2000 m, C. E. O. Kuntze s.n. (lectotype, designated here, NY! [barcode] NY00001542; isolectotype, F!).

Manganaroa subsericea Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 26: 267. 1921 [1923]. TYPE: Argentina. Salta: ‘‘In dumetis montanis praeandinis, locis Quebrada de Guachipas et Pampa grande vocatis,’’ C. L. Spegazzini s.n. (lectotype, designated by Seigler et al., 2006a: 78, LP (LPS-14305) [image seen] [barcode] LP001053; isolectotype, LP [bc] LP001054 ).

Tree to 25 m tall; bark not seen; twigs light to dark reddish brown, not flexuous, terete, glabrous to lightly puberulent; short shoots absent; prickles absent. Leaves alternate, 60–170 mm long; stipules light to dark brown, linear, symmetrical, flattened, straight, herbaceous, 2–6 mm long, 0.4–0.7 mm wide near the base, usually glabrous, tardily deciduous; petiole adaxially grooved, 25–45 mm long, lightly puberulent; petiolar gland solitary, anywhere along the petiole, sessile, usually oblong, 0.7–2.7 mm long, apex flattened to depressed, glabrous; rachis adaxially grooved, 35–130 mm long, puberulent, an oval to orbicular gland 0.5–1.2 mm across between the uppermost 1 to 2 pinna pairs, apex flattened to depressed, glabrous; pinnae (3)4 to 11(14) pairs/leaf, 40–70 mm long, 8–21 mm between pinna pairs; paraphyllidia 0.5–1.2 mm long; petiolule 1.1–2.2 mm long; leaflets 25 to 50 pairs/pinna, opposite, 0.8–2.1 mm between leaflet pairs, oblong, 3–7 X 0.8–2.1 mm, appressed pubescent on both surfaces, lateral veins sometimes obvious, 1 to 3 veins from the base, base oblique, truncate on one side, margins lightly ciliate, apex narrowly acute to acuminate, midvein submarginal, bluish purple beneath. Inflorescence a densely 40- to 75-flowered globose head 16–23 mm across, 1 to 3 in the leaf axils; peduncles 15–40 X 0.5–0.8 mm, puberulent; receptacle enlarged, not elongate, globose; involucre a small bract scattered along the peduncle, early deciduous, sometimes absent; floral bracts spatulate, 1.2–1.9 mm long, puberulent, early deciduous. Flowers sessile, white; calyx 5-lobed, 1.7–2.8 mm long, puberulent; corolla 5-lobed, 3.2– 4.3 mm long, lightly puberulent, lobes 1/5 the length of the corolla; stamens 60 to 90; stamen filaments 8– 11 mm long, distinct; anther glands present; ovary glabrous to rarely pubescent, stipe to 1 mm long. Legumes straight, flattened, not constricted between the seeds, oblong, 80–150 X 18–30 mm, chartaceous, transversely striate, glabrous to lightly puberulent, minute purple glands commonly present, dehiscent along both sutures; stipe 4–10 mm long; apex obtuse, the beak to 10 mm long; seeds uniseriate, no pulp, light brown, oval to oblong, strongly flattened, 9–13 X 7–10 mm, smooth; pleurogram U-shaped, 1.2–2.2 mm across.

Habitat and distribution. Parasenegalia visco has been collected from seasonally wet mountains, deciduous forests, riparian forests, yungas, disturbed second-growth forests, and thickets, from 750 to 3000 m in northern Argentina, through Bolivia, northern Chile, and Peru. The taxon is commonly cultivated in Peru as well as where native ( Rico Arce, 2007).

Phenology. Parasenegalia visco flowers from

October through January.

Local names and uses. Local names include visco, arca, viscote, viscote negro, viscote blanco, and visite ( Rico Arce, 2007). Parasenegalia visco is commonly cultivated for its wood.

IUCN Red List category. Parasenegalia visco is assessed as Data Deficient (DD) at this time (IUCN, 2 0 0 1) but is an abundant species of southern South America and is commonly cultivat- ed in Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, and South Africa as an ornamental and as a fast-growing tree for cabinet wood (Rico Arce, 2 0 0 7). Parasenegalia visco is also known from numerous collections from Argentina and Bolivia and is probably of Least Concern (LC).

Discussion. Parasenegalia visco is a large South American tree that is commonly cultivated and economically important for wood products. The globose inflorescence more than 16 mm across, along with the small leaflets (3–7 X 0.8–2.1 mm) with bluish purple midveins, distinguish this species from other members of the genus.

Paul G. Lorentz was a German botanist and professor at the University of Córdoba, Argentina, until 1 8 74. His vascular plant collections at GOET were the sources for species described by Grisebach in his Plantae Lorentzianae (1 8 7 4) and Symbolae ad Floram Argentinam (1 8 7 9). The collection Lorentz 3 4 0 at GOET has an original label identifying the species as Acacia visite , which corresponded to the first name used by Grisebach in Plantae Lorentzianae (1 87 4: 1 3 5), which was emended in this same work to Acacia visco (1 87 4: 2 7 9). Although no collection was specified in the protologue, Lorentz can be assumed to be the collector (Stafleu & Cowan, 1 9 7 6: 1 0 1 1, 1 98 1: 1 5 7) for species similarly described by Grisebach. The lectotype at GOET (1 1 4 63) bears an original label with the spelling as Acacia Visite. This species was cited as introduced into South Africa as Acacia visite Griseb. (Ross, 1 9 7 5).

Two common names were mentioned in the protologue by Grisebach (1874) for his Acacia species number 269 (1874: 135), as ‘‘[n]omen vernac. Visite, Visco.’’ These vernacular names were a source of confusion for the species epithet. On page 135, Grisebach described the new species as ‘‘269. Acacia Visite Gr. ,’’ but this was emended by him in the same work on page 279 under ‘‘Verbesserungen’’ (Improvements), as ‘‘S. 135 nr. 269 statt [instead of] A. Visite Gr. lies [read] A. Visco Lor. in litt.’’ It is this emendation that indicated Grisebach’s intent to change the epithet to the other vernacular name, acknowledging Lorentz as well. Grisebach’s intent was further supported in his later treatment of Acacia in Symbolae ad Floram Argentinam (1879: 122), where the species was also cited as ‘‘ A. Visco Lor. mscr. – Syn. A. Visite Pl. Lor. [269],’’ with the number corresponding to the species number in the previous 1874 treatment in his Plantae Lorentzianae.

The specimen chosen as the lectotype of Acacia concinna is representative of that species and is from the home institution (SGO) of Philippi, the describing author.

No specimen was cited by Manganaro (1919: 128– 129) in the protologue for Acacia platensis, although she did note the species as ‘‘visto cultivada esta planta en Buenos Aires y en La Plata....’’ Spegazzini (1921) transferred the name to the genus Manganar- oa Speg. based on Manganaro’s study. Cialdella cited the specimen with the word ‘‘typus’’ written on it, presumably used by both previous investigators, LP [barcode] LPS24314, as the holotype. We interpret this as a de facto lectotypification.

Although the name Mimosa polyphylla Clos was written on the type specimen of Acacia polyphylla Clos in Gay, apparently this name in Mimosa was never published. If this name were published, it would be the oldest name for Parasenegalia visco , but still illegitimate. The SGO lectotype chosen for A. polyphylla is representative of the species and is from the home institution of the describing author.

Kuntze (1898: 47) described Acacia riparia var. angustifoliola from two countries as ‘‘Bolivia: Sierra de Santa Cruz 2000 m. and Argentina: Provinz Santiago.’’ Of these two possible syntypes, the NY (barcode NY0 0 0 0 1 5 4 2) sheet from Bolivia was annotated by Seigler and Ebinger (2009) as the holotype, emended here as the lectotype.

A syntype of Manganaroa subsericea from Argentina (prov. Buenos Aires, La Plata, Jardín Botanico ‘‘Facultad de Agron.’’), also identified as the collection C. L. Spegazzini s.n., is at LP (LPS- 14305) ( Cialdella, 1984).

Specimens examined. ARGENTINA. Catamarca: Andalgala, 1 9 5 0 m, 2 8 Nov. 19 4 6, C. A. O’Donnell 4 1 8 3 (S); S of Cumbre de las Lajos, 1 7 0 0 m, 2 6 Nov. 1 9 4 6, B. Sparre 9 7 6 (S); Choya–El Tofo, 1 8 0 0 m, 2 8 Nov. 1 9 4 6, B. Sparre 1 0 0 3 (S); Andalgala, 2 8 Nov. 1 9 46, E. Wall s.n. (MO). Córdoba: 4 km N of Sarmiento, 1 0 8 0 m, 1 2 Oct. 1 9 8 8, J. Aronson 7 6 4 6 (MO); Puesto del Paraiso, 4 Jan. 1 8 9 7, T. Stuckert 1 2 7 1 (G); Villa Rosario, 1 4 Nov. 1 9 0 2, T. Stuckert 1 1 9 6 3 (G). Jujuy: El Volcan, 1 3 May 1 8 7 3, Lorentz & Hieronymus 7 1 4 (S), 7 5 9 (S); Purmamarca, 1 1 Jan. 1 9 7 1, A. Krapovickas & C. L. Cristóbal 1 7 6 3 7 (WIS); 2 km de Volcan camino a Lozano, 2 3 4 0 m, 1 0 Feb. 1 9 9 8, O. Morrone, N. B. Deginani, A. M. Cialdella & L. M. Giussani 2 4 0 1 (MO); Sierra de Calidegus, 8 0 0 m, 1 5 Oct. 1 9 2 7, S. Venturi 5 3 8 2 (CAS, GH, MO); San Pedro, 7 5 0 m, 2 0 Oct. 1 9 2 9, S. Venturi 9 7 4 4 (CAS, MO); Purmamarca, 2 8 Oct. 1 9 8 2, E. M. Zardini & M. L. Pochettino 1 5 6 4 (MO). La Rioja: 1 0 km S of Famatina , RN 4 0, 1 4 5 0 m, 1 4 Mar. 1 9 9 3, S. M. Botta & D. C. Miconi 5 9 0 (MO); Famatina , 1 6 0 0 m, 1 1 Jan. 1 9 4 7, J. H. Hunziker 1 8 1 5 (MO); Castro Barros, 1 5 km W of Anillaco, 1 9 8 0 m, 3 0 Mar. 1 9 9 2, J. H. Hunziker & J. C. Gamerro 1 2 48 0 (MO); Los Duraznillas, 7 5 0 m, 3 Nov. 1 9 4 7, I. Huasi 3 5 (GH). Salta: 2 0 km S of Salta, 1 1 2 0 m, 5 Nov. 1 9 8 8, J. Aronson 7 6 9 0 (MO); Cafayate, 8 Nov. 1 9 7 8, A. L. Cabrera, S. Botto, C. Ezcurra, A. M. Ragonese & M. Vazques A. 2 9 7 0 3 (MO); Cafayate, 8 Jan. 1 9 7 2, A. Krapovickas & C. L. Cristóbal 2 0 7 2 7 (WIS); Chorrillos, 2 1 1 0 m, 1 7 Jan. 1 9 41, T. Meyer 3 5 6 0 (GH); San Fernando, 6 May 1 9 4 7, T. Meyer 1 2 4 5 7 (RSA, US); Iruya, 2 7 0 0–2 8 0 0 m, 8 Nov. 1 9 8 8, L. J. Novara, T. Adzet & J. Masso 8 1 9 8 (B, M); Salta, 5 Nov. 1 9 8 2, E. M. Zardini 1 6 1 9 (MO); Iruya, 1 0 Feb. 1 9 8 3, E. M. Zardini 1 9 6 5 (GH); Iruya, 1 0 Feb. 1 9 8 3, E. M. Zardini, M. L. Pochettino, J. Hurrell, C. Iudica & D. Ramadori 1 9 6 5 (MO). Tucuman: San Javier, 1 0 50 m, 4 Nov. 1 9 7 8, S. A. Renvoize, M. Wilmot-Dear & R. Kiesling 3 3 6 4 (MO); Francas a Zarate, 7 8 0 m, 1 2 Oct. 1 9 2 5, Schreiter 6 8 5 9 0 (BM); Tapia, 2 7 Oct. 1 9 7 6, D. S. Seigler & F. Vervoorst 1 0 1 0 8A (EIU, ILL); Tapia, 2 7 Oct. 1 9 7 6, D. S. Seigler & F. Vervoorst 1 0 1 1 4 (ILL, MO); 1 3.8 km SE of Amaicha del Valle on rd. to Tafi del Valle, 2 4 0 0 m, 4 May 1 9 8 5, J. C. Solomon 1 3 5 3 6 (MO); Yerba Buena, 7 0 0 m, 1 9 2 6, S. Venturi 6 7 (GH); Tapia, 7 5 0 m, 2 4 Oct. 1 9 2 3, S. Venturi 2 4 7 6 (CAS, MO); Cerro del Campo, 8 0 0 m, 4 Nov. 1 9 2 8, S. Venturi 7 4 5 2 (GH). BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Comunidad Pitatorillas, 27 7 4 m, 2 2 Sep. 2 0 0 7, M. Jiménez, E. Cervantes & F. Janko 3 6 1 (ILL, MO). Cochabamba: camino hacia Omereque, Km. 1 8 6, 2 0 4 0 m, 2 7 Oct. 1 9 9 3, C. Antezana 3 9 7 (MO); vic. of Cochabamba, 1 8 9 1, M. Bang 9 2 1 (MO); city of Cochabamba, 1 8 Nov. 1 9 8 2, L. Bohs 1 9 9 0 (F, GH); near Arani, 2 7 7 0 m, May 1 9 4 7, M. Cardenas & H. C. Cutler 3 8 8 3 (GH); Arani, 2 7 0 0 m, 2 9 Nov. 1 9 7 9, T. Feuerer 6 9 4 2 (HBG); park, Colina de San Sebastian, Cochabamba, 2 57 5 m, 2 4 Nov. 1 9 8 4, M. Nee 3 0 3 5 2 (MO); 6 km NE of El Convento, 2 5 4 6 m, 1 3 Mar. 2 0 0 3, L. Rico 1 5 5 9 (MO); Mizque, 2 0 2 5 m, 2 7 Dec. 2 0 0 2, L. Rico & T. Windsor-Shaw 1 1 9 9 (MO); Carrasco, 2 1 0 0 m, 1 1 Feb. 1 9 8 7, J. C. Solomon & M. Nee 1 6 0 2 4 (ILL, MO, NY). La Paz: Hacienda Huajchilla, 1 8 km SE of La Paz, 3 0 0 0 m, 1 8 Dec. 1 9 8 6, J. C. Solomon 1 5 7 7 7 (ILL, MO). Potosí: Charcas, 2 5 0 0 m, A. Uzedo 5 (HBG). Santa Cruz: Saipina, 18 0 0 m, 2 2 Oct. 1 9 94, J. Balcazar 6 9 (MO); hills E of Salta, 1 3 0 0–1 4 0 0 m, 2 2 Sep. 1 9 8 5, A. Gentry & C. Palacia 5 1 7 3 1A (MO); rd. from Mairana to Postrervalle, 7.7 km SSE of Quirusillas, 1 75 0 m, 3 1 Dec. 1 9 9 7, M. Nee 4 7 6 6 0 (ILL, MO); 3.7 km NW of bridge over Rio Comarapa at Comarapa, 2 0 0 0 m, 2 4 Nov. 1 9 9 9, M. Nee 5 0 5 9 3 (MO); 5 km SW of Comarapa on rd. to Chilón, 1 7 7 5 m, 2 6 Nov. 1 9 9 9, M. Nee 5 0 6 6 8 (MO); 4 0 km E of Comarapa, 1 7 4 0 m, 2 2 Oct. 1 9 9 1, M. Saldias & T. Pennington 1 4 7 9 (MO); 1 1 km de Comarapa, 2 7 4 0 m, 3 July 1 9 8 9, D. N. Smith, V. García & M. Buddensiek 1 3 6 0 7 (MO); Comarapa, 2 0 0 0 m, 2 6 Oct. 1 9 2 8, J. Steinbach 8 5 7 8 (A, GH, S); Huasacañada, 2 0 5 0 m, 1 5 Feb. 1 9 9 0, I. G. Vargas C. 4 2 9 (MO); Huasacanãda, 2 0 5 0 m, 5 Nov. 1 9 8 9, I. G. Vargas C. 3 3 3 (MO); Huasacañada, 5 km S of Vallegrande, 2 0 5 0 m, 3 Nov. 1 9 9 0, I. G. Vargas C. 8 0 4 (MO); Huasacañada, 5 km S of Vallegrande, 2 0 5 0 m, 1 5 May 1 9 9 2, I. G. Vargas C. 1 3 9 8 (MO); Vallegrande, 1 3 km pasando Pucara en el camino hacia el Puente del Río Grande, 1 1 5 0 m, 2 1 Oct. 2 0 0 1, I. G. Vargas, C. Jordan & A. Vargas J. 6 6 2 2 (ILL, MO). Tarija: 6 km SW of Chocloca, 2 0 0 0 m, 2 5 Mar. 1 9 7 9, St. G. Beck 7 5 1 (US); Tarija, 1 9 2 0 m, 1 0 Jan. 1 9 7 9, C. Ruiz s.n. (US); 3 0 km de Tarija (vers Entre Rios), 1 8 5 0 m, 3 Dec. 1 9 7 5, J. R. de Sloover 3 8 1 (MO). CHILE. Tarapaca: Arica Prov., 1st Region, Codpa, 1 8 2 0 m, 1 2 Feb. 1 9 8 9, J. Aronson 7 7 5 8 (MO). PERU. Lima: Lima, 2 8 Nov. 1 9 6 6, S. S. Tillett 6 6 1 1-5 7 (A) (cultivated). Tacna: Alrededores de Tacna, 3 0 Oct. 1 9 4 8, R. Ferreyra 4 0 7 1 (MO, US).

Figures

Figure 8. Parasenegalia visco (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Flower. —B. Twig with leaf and axillary inflorescences. —C. Petiolar gland. —D. Leaflet, abaxial view. —E. Fruit. —F. Seed. A–D from Renvoize, Wilmot-Dear & Kiesling 3364 (MO); E from Tillett 6611-57 (A); F from Saldias & Pennington 1479 (MO).