Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841 )

Bertani, Rogério, 2023, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) with notes on related genera, Zootaxa 5390 (1), pp. 1-116 : 29-41

Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841)

( Figs 13, 15 ─74)

Mygale klugii C. L. Koch, 1841: 25 , f. 708.

Lasiodora klugii : C. L. Koch 1850: 73; Simon 1864: 66; Ausserer 1871: 209; 1875: 189; Mello-Leitão 1921: 338, 345; 1923: 245, 255; Petrunkevitch 1939: 239.

Lasiodora klugi : Simon 1892a: 160; 1903: 939; Petrunkevitch 1911: 76; 1928: 81; Roewer 1942: 251; Bonnet 1957: 2356; World Spider Catalog 2023.

Lasiodora itabunae Mello-Leitão, 1921: 349 ; 1923: 246, 266, f. 96, 169; Petrunkevitch 1939: 239; Roewer 1942: 251; World Spider Catalog 2023. New synonymy.

Lasiodora itabunensis : Bonnet 1957: 2356 (unjustified emendation).

Diagnosis. Lasiodora klugi male and female resemble those of L. parahybana , L. camurujipe n. sp., L. benedeni and L. subcanens by the spatulate stridulatory setae on prolateral coxae ( Fig. 13 ), embolus long and slender ( Figs 27 ─29), and spermatheca bulb not enlarged (Fig. 32). They can be distinguished from all the species above by the long stridulatory setae at the confluence of sutures (Figs 35─36). Additionally, the male can be distinguished from those of L. benedeni by the non-slender distal portion of the embolus ( Figs 27 ─29), and females by the non-slender spermatheca bulb (Fig. 32). Male and female of L. klugi can be distinguished from those of. L. subcanens by lacking whitish setae covering carapace, dorsal chelicerae and legs ( Figs 61 ─72); and from L. camurujipe n. sp. by retrolateral distal maxilla covered with short spiniform setae on its median area ( Figs 38 ─39).

Type material. Lectotype and paralectotype males of Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841) here designated, from Brazil, state of Bahia, deposited at ZMB Kat nº 2039, examined by photos (Figs 20─26) . Lectotype female and paralectotype immature male, here designated, of Lasiodora itabunae Mello-Leitão, 1921 , from Brazil, state of Bahia, Itabuna [14°47’S, 39°16’W], E. Garbe col., deposited at MZUSP 329 , examined ( Figs 57 ─60).

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Bahia: without locality data, 2 immature males, A. Oreggia, 28 October 1969, ref. 3688, 1 male, same collector, 7 March 1969, ref. 1865 ( IBSP 4001 ) ; 2 females, A. Oreggia, 5 January 1972, ref. 8495 ( IBSP 2658 A) ; Abrolhos Archipelago, Santa Bárbara Island [17°57’S, 38°42’W], 1 female, W. Dietrich, June 1980, ref. 28065 ( IBSP 4579 ) ; 1 male, G. F. Dutra, April 1997 ( IBSP 6537 ) ; 1 male, S. Siciliano, November 1988 ( MNRJ 13713 ) ; 1 male, same collector and data ( MNRJ 13765 ) ; 2 females, 3 immatures, J. Becker, 12 February 1964 ( MNRJ 13623 ) ; Barra do Choça, close to Serra Preta dam (14°50’35.49”S, 40°27’39.65”W), 1 female, A. Abbegg col., July 2018 ( MZUSP 78858 ) ; Buerarema [14°57’S, 39°18’W], 1 immature male, 3 December 1973, ref. 13236 ( IBSP 4513 ) ; Caravelas [17°43’S, 39°15’W], 1 immature, G. F. Dutra, 29 March 1997, inside a house ( IBSP 6401 ) ; 1 female, W. Franz, 1 June 1983, ref. 44521 ( IBSP 4785 ) ; Caravelas, Caçumba Island [17°46’S, 39°15’W], 1 male, R. Bertani, 1992 ( IBSP ref. 67365) ; Cumuruxatiba [17°6’S, 39°11’W], 1 male, A. Zanotti ( IBSP 8029 ) ; Cumuruxatiba, Barra do Cay [17°04’S, 39°10’W], 1 immature, A. Zanotti ( IBSP 10402 ) ; Ilhéus [14°46’S, 39°13’W], 1 female, A. N. Oliveira, 03 May 1998, ref. 82938 ( IBSP 8264 ) ; 1 male, R. Bertani, ref. 64583 ( IBSP 6403 ) ; Ilhéus, CEPLAC ( Matinha , Quadra E) [14°46’S, 39°13’W], 1 male, J. R. Maia col., 13 March 2017 ( MZUSP 78859 ) ; Araçá trail, 1 male, C. Alexandre, 13 March 2017, active, 13h03min ( MZUSP 78860 ) ; Matinha , Quadra E, 1 male, M. A. Matuoka, 14 March 2017, in Ficus tree, 10h33min ( MZUSP 78861 ) ; Ilhéus, close to Jóia do Atlântico apartments [14°39’S, 39°04’W], 1 male, C. Alexandre col., 09 March 2017, in “cabruca” vegetation, on a trunk, 2.5 m in height from the ground ( MNRJ 7735 ) ; Ilhéus, Ribeirão da Fortuna [14°49’S, 39°01’W], 1 male, G. Pereira, ( MNRJ 13586 ) ; 2 males 1 female, G. Pereira, 1945 ( MNRJ 13602 ) ; Ilhéus, Campus da Univ. de Santa Cruz [14°47’S, 39°10’W], 1 male ( IBSP 11272 ) ; Itabela (16°53’05”S, 39°32’24”W), 1 male, C. H. V. Rios, 5 May 2015 ( MNRJ 7736 ); (16°31’25”S, 39°32’20”W), 1 male, same collector, 7 May 2015 ( MNRJ 7737 ); (16°31’33”S, 39°33’28”W), 2 males, same collector, 7 May 2015 ( MZUSP 78862 ) ; 1 male same collector and data ( MZUSP 78863 ) ; Itabuna [14°47’S, 39°16’W], 1 male, C. Jared, ref. 73175 ( IBSP 6439 ) ; 1 male ( IBSP Ref. 73175) ; Itamarajú , (16°58’39”S, 39°33’55”W), 1 male, C. R. V. Rios, April 2015 ( MZUSP 78864 ) ; Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal [16°53’S, 39°24’W], 1 female, R. Bertani, 22 April 1998, at night, on a tree trunk, 1.5 m above ground ( IBSP 7944 ) ; Muritiba [12°37’S, 38°59’W], 1 female, L. A. M. Oliveira, September 1979 ( MZUSP 27607 ) ; Porto Seguro [16°26’S, 39°4’W], 1 female, R. Mossi Jr, March 1981, ref. 29653 ( IBSP 4621 ) ; 1 male, R. M. Júnior, ref. 30642 ( IBSP 6362 ) ; 1 male, R. Castro, 19 March 1986, ref. 44320 ( IBSP 2658 ) ; 1 female, O. A. V. Marques & F. L. Franco, 6 December 1994, ref. 74594 ( IBSP 8956 ) ; 1 male, R. M. Junior, ref. 30642 ( IBSP 6361 ) ; 1 male, P. C. Motta, 1 July 1990 ( DZUB 19 ) ; Porto Seguro, Arraial d’Ajuda (16°27’38.63”S, 039°08’17.03”W), 1 female, Expedição Arachné, 24─ 27 February 2005 ( MNRJ 12932 ) ; [16°29’S, 39°4’W], 1 female, R. Castro, March 1983, ref. 43569 ( IBSP 4769 ) ; Teixeira de Freitas [17°32’S, 39°45’W], 1 female, C. A. Cotia , ref. 41288 ( IBSP 6366 ) ; 1 male, Cooperativa Agricola de Cotia , June 1981, ref. 30482, 1 male, A. Pacheco Netto, March 1981, ref. 29633, ( IBSP 4618 B) ; 1 male, A. Pacheco Netto, March 1981, ref. 29633 ( IBSP 4617 A) ; 1 male, same data ( IBSP 4615 ) ; 1 male, 1 female, 1 immature, A. Pacheco Netto, March 1981, ref. 29633 ( IBSP 4616 ) ; 1 male, Cooperativa Agrícola de Cotia , April 1982, ref. 41288 ( IBSP 4617 D) ; 1 male, September 1981, ref. 30989 ( IBSP 4617 C) ; 1 female, ( IBSP Ref. 42496) ; 1 male, March 1982, ref. 41127, 1 male Cooperativa Agrícola de Cotia , 15 May 1981, ref. 30296 ( IBSP 4618 A) ; 1 female, C. A. Cotia , ref. 40678 ( IBSP 6370 ) ; 1 male, Cooperativa Agrícola de Cotia , April 1982, ref. 41288 ( IBSP 4617 B) ; Vereda (17°12’38”S, 39°37’27”W) and (17°12’40”S, 39°36’53”W), 4 males, C. H. V. Rios, 26 April 2015 ( MZUSP 78877 ) ; Minas Gerais: Braúnas / Joanésia, Porto Estrela dam [19°6’S, 42°41’W], 1 female, Equipe de Resgate de Fauna , June / July 2001 ( IBSP 11197 ) ; Braunas / Justinópolis, Porto Estrela dam, 1 immature male, Equipe de Resgate de Fauna , June / July 2001 ( IBSP 11188 ) ; Itaobim [16°33’S, 41°30’W], 1 female, M. Anjos, 17 April 1978, Ref. 22762 ( IBSP 4340 ) ; Itinga [16°36’S, 41°46’W], 1 male, A. N. Martins, 6 June 1983, ref. 44537 ( IBSP 4786 ) ; Teófilo Otoni [17°51’S, 41°30’W], 1 female, J. Kato, 16 February 1995, ref. 75062 ( IBSP 9145 ) ; 1 male, J. Kato, 16 February 1995, ref. 75062 ( IBSP 7972 ) ; 1 female, J. Kato, 16 February 1995, ref. 75062 ( IBSP 8060 ) ; 1 male, no collector or date ( IBSP ref. 75062) ; Espírito Santo: without locality data, 1 male ( IBSP 6456 ) ; Iconha [20°47’S, 40°48’W], 1 male, N. F. Nunes, ref. 54383 ( IBSP 6386 ) ; Linhares [19°23’S, 40°03’W], 1 female, P. C. Motta, 1 August 1990 ( DZUB 20 ) ; São Mateus [19°12’S, 40°5’W], 1 male, A. D. Brescovit, July 1997 ( IBSP 9886 ) ; 1 female, D. P. Espírito Santos, ref. 60169 ( IBSP 6399 ) ; 1 female, Petrobrás, ref. 59461 ( IBSP 6398 ) ; 1 immature male, V. Gwyer , February 1981, ref. 29401, 1 female, J. R. Grangha, 21 June 1983, ref. 44161 ( IBSP 4601 ) ; Reserva Florestal Vale do Rio Doce , 1 immature male, A. D. Brescovit, 5─ 12 January 1998 ( IBSP 8261 ) ; Sooretama, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama [19°03’S, 40°08’W], 1 female, Expedição Arachne – MNRJ, 18 April 2006, near houses, at night ( SES 936 ) ( MNRJ 7738 ) ; 1 male, same data, trail, at night ( SES 934 ) ( MNRJ 7739 ) ; 1 male, same data, 18 April 2006 ( SES 940 ) ( MNRJ 7740 ) ; 1 male, same data, 20 April 2006 ( SES 956 ) ( MNRJ 7741 ) ; 1 male, same data, 21 April 2006 ( SES 968 ) ( MNRJ 7742 ) ; 1 male, same data, 22 April 2006, near houses ( SES unnumbered) ( MNRJ 7743 ) ; 1 female, same data, 18 April 2006, near houses, at night ( SES unnumbered) ( MNRJ 7744 ; 1 immature male, same data, 19 April 2006, near houses ( SES 945 ) ( MNRJ 7745 ) ; 1 male, same data, 18 April 2006, trail, at night ( SES 935 ) ( MNRJ 7746 ) ; 1 male, same data, 18 April 2006, ( SES unnumbered) ( MNRJ 7747 ) ; 1 male, same data ( SES 938 ) ( MNRJ 7748 ) ; 1 male, captive born (December 2006) from female SES 931 ( SES 1577 ) ( MNRJ 7749 ) ; 1 immature, captive born (December 2006) from female SES 931 ( SES 1578 ) ( MNRJ 7750 ) ; 1 female, captive born (December 2006) from female SES 931 ( SES 1649 ) ( MNRJ 7751 ) ; 1 immature, captive born (18 January 2007) from female SES 933 ( SES 1610 ) ( MNRJ 7752 ) ; 1 immature, captive born (18 January 2007) from female SES 933 ( SES 1604 ) ( MNRJ 7753 ) ; 1 immature, captive born (18 January 2007) from female SES 933 ( SES 1608 ) ( MNRJ 7754 ) ; 1 immature, captive born (18 January 2007) from female SES 933 ( SES 1605 ) ( MNRJ 7755 ) ; 1 immature, captive born (18 January 2007) from female SES 933 ( SES 1614 ) ( MNRJ 7756 ) ; 1 female, 21 April 2006, Exp.Arachne col., ( SES 962 ) ( MNRJ 7757 ) ; Vitoria [20°17’S, 40°17’W], 1 male, R. A. Santos, ref. 55938 ( IBSP 6387 ) ; São Paulo: Bananal [22°40’S, 44°19’W], 1 female, Madeireira Paulista, 24 June 1975, ref. 16723 ( IBSP 4512 ) ; Campinas [22°54’S, 47°3’W], 1 male ( IBSP ref. 80343) ; São Paulo, Santo Amaro, Estrada de Itapecirica , 1 male, N. Camargo, 14 April 2004, ref. 92659 ( IBSP 11033 ) ; Botucatu [22°53’S 48°26’W], 1 male, R. V. Piesco, 26 August 1985, ref. 47069 ( IBSP 4881 ) .

Redescription. Male (IBSP 6403). Carapace 23.67 long, 22.88 wide, chelicera 11.46. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 23.22, 11.18, 19.42, 19.14, 10.88, 83.84. II: 21.61, 10.24, 18.17, 18.41, 9.97, 78.40. III: 19.81, 9.29, 16.37, 20.38, 9.42, 75.27. IV: 23.32, 9.43, 20.72, 27.89, 10.25, 91.61. Palp: 14.26, 7.92, 12.46, –, 4.86, 39.50. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 4.30, 4.38, 5.14, 4.15, palp = 3.23; patellae I–IV = 4.39, 4.19, 4.29, 4.19, palp = 3.36; tibiae I–IV = 3.45, 3.07, 3.09, 3.08, palp = 3.18; metatarsi I–IV = 2.09, 2.00, 2.01, 1.74; tarsi I–IV = 1.91, 1.78, 1.93, 1.57, palp = 3.69. Abdomen 20.61 long, 12.64 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 3.13 long, 1.26 wide, 0.72 apart; PLS, 4.53 basal, 3.16 middle, 4.58 distal; midwidths 1.56, 1.09, 0.92, respectively.

Carapace: 1.03 longer than wide; cephalic area moderately raised, thoracic striae conspicuous. Fovea 4.01 wide. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 1.10 high, 2.43 long, 3.36 wide. Clypeus 0.36 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.71, ALE 0.82, PME 0.43, PLE 0.69, AME–AME 0.55, AME–ALE 0.40, AME–PME 0.24, ALE–ALE 2.21, ALE–PME 0.62, PME–PME 1.64, PME–PLE 0.19, PLE–PLE 2.61, ALE–PLE 0.40, AME–PLE 0.64. Eye group 3.27 wide, 1.69 long. Maxillae: Length 7.29, width 4.32. Cuspules: ca. 242 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 3.38 long, 3.69 wide, with ca. 236 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Chelicera: basal segment with 12 teeth in row on promargin and denticles in basal area. Sternum: 10.51 long, 9.11 wide.

Legs: leg formula: I= IV II III. Length leg IV to I: 1.09. Stridulatory apparatus: Retrolateral maxilla: small to large spiniform setae on distal upper, middle and lower areas, interspersed with some plumose setae ( Figs 33 ─34). Leg I prolateral coxa: confluence of sutures region with 8 reddish, long, slightly spatulate stridulatory setae and several short ones (Figs 35─36). Region above sutures with plumose setae and some curved spiniform setae. Region below sutures covered with plumose setae having slightly incrassate base (Fig. 37). Coxa I retrolateral face covered with plumose setae and a group of small spiniform setae on the upper region. Retrolateral face of legs II─ III lacking spiniform setae. Coxa II prolateral face with same apparatus as in leg I, in coxae III and IV the stridulatory setae are very slender. Scopula: Tarsi I – IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I –II fully scopulated; III 1 /2, IV 1 /5 distal. Metatarsus IV divided by row of 2–3 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v2-4-2, p1-1-1; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-2-1ap, p0-1-0, metatarsus v0-0-2ap; leg II: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-2-4ap, p1-1- 1; metatarsus v2-0-3ap, p1-0-0; leg III: femur p0-0-1, r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-3-3ap, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v4-5-5(3ap), p1-1-1, r1-0-1; leg IV: femur r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-4-4(2ap), p1-1-0, r1-1-1, metatarsus v26(4ap), p1-1-2, r0-1-1. Urticating setae: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.31─0.48; LA, I, 0.30─0.33; MM, LM, MP and LP regions are bald.

Palp ( Figs 27 –29): bulb pyriform, embolus slightly longer than tegulum length, slightly flattened laterally at distal region, apex short and thick. Prolateral keels present. PS forming embolus edge distally. A short. R sharp, with a series of 4 large denticles on its edge. SA well developed. Bifid tibial spur (Figs 30─31) with two processes originating from common base, both straight, Retrolateral longest and with a curvature at its distal portion. A single, flattened, rhomboidal spine contiguous to the internal upper face of retrolateral branch, and two such spines at the internal face of prolateral branch. Metatarsus I curved on its basal third, when folded touches apex of retrolateral tibial spur.

Color pattern (in alcohol): Carapace and chelicerae black. Carapace bordered with scattered light brown long setae, chelicerae with some long light brown setae. Legs black with light brown long setae. Coxae of legs ventrally and sternum reddish brown, covered with short black setae. Labium and maxillae reddish brown. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally black with abundant long reddish setae. Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs and palp with very discrete light stripes. Apex of leg segments with discrete whitish rings on apex.

Redescription. Female (IBSP 8264). Carapace 30.32 long, 28.18 wide, chelicera 19.05. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 22.64, 13.38, 18.18, 15.94, 9.17, 79.31. II: 20.86, 12.31, 15.64, 15.58, 8.68, 73.07. III: 19.31, 10.98, 14.08, 16.63, 8.23, 69.23. IV: 23.68, 11.66, 17.57, 23.89, 9.90, 86.70. Palp: 16.66, 10.45, 12.54, –, 10.31, 49.96. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 5.28, 5.58, 6.22, 5.49, palp = 3.88; patellae I–IV = 5.19, 4.94, 5.12, 5.04, palp = 4.35; tibiae I–IV = 4.43, 4.13, 4.36, 3.97, palp = 3.73; metatarsi I–IV = 3.08, 2.80, 2.95, 2.75; tarsi I–IV = 3.10, 3.04, 3.20, 3.24, palp = 3.15. Abdomen 34.13 long, 26.12 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 4.02 long, 1.75 wide, 2.33 apart; PLS, 6.18 basal, 4.91 middle, 6.55 distal; midwidths 2.59, 1.89, 1.41, respectively.

Carapace: 1.07 longer than wide; cephalic area noticeably raised, thoracic striae conspicuous. Fovea 5.49 wide. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 1.31 high, 2.54 long, 3.60 wide. Clypeus 0.42 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.66, ALE 0.81, PME 0.37, PLE 0.69, AME–AME 0.70, AME–ALE 0.53, AME–PME 0.18, ALE–ALE 2.66, ALE–PME 0.53, PME–PME 1.87, PME–PLE 0.29, PLE–PLE 2.77, ALE–PLE 0.47, AME–PLE 0.83. Eye group 3.72 wide, 1.59 long. Maxillae: Length 10.01, width 6.94. Cuspules: ca. 260 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 4.21 long, 4.49 wide, with 243 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Chelicera: basal segment with 12 teeth in row on promargin and denticles on basal area. Sternum: 13.53 long, 10.72 wide.

Legs: formula: I= IV II III. Length leg IV to I = 1.09. Stridulatory apparatus: Retrolateral maxilla: small to large spiniform setae on the distal upper, middle and lower areas, interspersed with some plumose setae ( Figs 38 ─39). Leg I prolateral coxa: confluence of sutures region with 4 reddish, long, slightly spatulate stridulatory setae and several shorter ones (Figs 40─41). Region above sutures with plumose setae and some curved spiniform setae. Region below sutures covered with plumose setae having slightly incrassate base (Fig. 42). Coxa I retrolateral face covered with plumose setae and group of small spiniform setae on upper region. Retrolateral face of coxae II─ III lacking spiniform setae. Coxa II prolateral face with same apparatus as in leg I, in coxae III and IV the stridulatory setae are very slender. Scopula: Tarsi I – IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I –II fully scopulated; III 1 /2, IV 1 /5 distal. Metatarsus IV divided by row of 5–6 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1ap, patella 0, tibia v2-2-5(3ap), p1-1-1, r0-1-1, leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-1-3ap, metatarsus v0-0-3ap; leg II: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-0-3ap, p1-1-0, metatarsus v1-0-3ap; leg III: femur p0-0-1, r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-1-2ap, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v3-2-3ap, p1-2-0, r0-0-1; leg IV: femur r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-3-1, r1-0-2, metatarsus v20(2ap), p1-1-1, r0-1-2. Urticating setae: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.30─0.32; LA, I, 0.31─0.34; MM, III, 0.57─0.60, some intermediates between types I and III, 0.46─0.59; MP, I, 0.39─0.41. LM and LP regions bald.

Spermathecae (Fig. 32): Two short spermathecae separated by heavily sclerotized short area, spermathecal stalk narrower than rounded spermathecal bulb.

Color pattern (in alcohol):As in male, except: Legs with abundant light brown long setae. Abdomen with sparse light brown to reddish long setae. Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs and palp with discrete light stripes. Apex of leg segments with whitish rings on apex.

Morphological variation. Specimens from the Ilhéus region in southern state of Bahia have the retrolateral maxillae with spiniform setae on its upper, median and lower region, tough the spiniform setae on the median and lower region are smaller and sparse ( Figs 33 ─34, 38─39). Towards the southernmost region of state of Bahia and northern state of Espirito Santo the spiniform setae on the median and lower region of retrolateral palp maxilla are fewer in number, or completely absent ( Figs 43 , 45, 47, 49). Specimens from this region of Bahia and Espirito Santo also have some variation in color pattern. They are brownish and seems to have a small number of long setae on their legs (Figs 66, 71─72), whereas those from Ilheus and neighborhood have normally long yellowish setae over the legs and palps ( Figs 61 ─64, 67─70).

Remarks. Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin (1979) examined and illustrated male and female specimens from Cabo and Recife collected by W.A. Forbes, deposited at BMNH (30-125) and cited by Pocock (1901: 544), considering them as types of L. klugi . Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin (1979) also stated that the Pocock’s (1901) citation of the genus to Cabo and Recife in Argentina was a mistake. Pérez-Miles et al. (1996) considered a male from Iguarassu, Brazil, also deposited at the BMNH and examined by Pocock (1901), as the type of L. klugi . I examined these specimens at the BMNH and concluded they are not the types of L. klugi . Koch (1841) clearly stated the types are from Bahia in Brazil, whereas the specimens examined by Pocock (1901), Schiapelli and Gerschman Pikelin (1979) and Pérez-Miles et al. (1996) are from Recife and Cabo (presently Cabo de Santo Agostinho, a town close to Recife, the capital of the state of Pernambuco) and Iguarassu, all in the state of Pernambuco in Brazil. Most of Koch’s (1841) theraphosid Brazilian types are housed at ZMB and searches on that collection showed the types are deposited there and match the description, two males from Bahia, Brazil under the number ZMB 2039 (Figs 20─26). Those specimens are compatible with the specimens herein examined from the state of Bahia, in its southern portion including the historical city of Ilhéus. The male palp bulb morphology, stridulatory apparatus and general appearance match with specimens of this Brazilian region. Therefore, there is no doubt the real L. klugi types are those deposited at ZMB.

The types of L. itabunae are a female and an immature male, both from Itabuna, state of Bahia, Brazil. The specimens have a stridulatory apparatus formed by a few long and slender reddish setae on coxa I ( Figs 57 ─58) and the spiniform setae on retrolateral maxilla are distributed on the upper and median areas of the segment and a few sparse spiniform setae were seen at the lower area (Fig. 59). The spermathecae (Fig. 60) and type locality are also compatible with those of L. klugi . Therefore, I consider L. itabunae Mello-Leitão, 1921 a junior synonym of Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841) .

Distribution. Brazil, from the “Reconcavo Baiano” region (near the capital Salvador) in the state of Bahia to northern state of Espirito Santo in the south and east of state of Minas Gerais in the west ( Figs 73 ─74), including the Archipelago of Abrolhos off the coast of the state of Bahia. Rio Doce (Doce river) in northern state of Espirito Santo seems to be a dispersion barrier to the south. Scattered records from the state of São Paulo, Rio de janeiro and southern state of Espirito Santo ( Figs 73 ─74) are questionable (see distribution and notes on natural history of Lasiodora below).

There is an isolated population of L. klugi in the Archipelago of Abrolhos, formed by five islands. I failed to find morphological differences between the populations from the mainland and the islands. Those from the islands resemble in appearance (Fig. 65) the populations from northern state of Espirito Santo and southernmost portion of state of Bahia (Fig. 66).

Natural history. Specimens of Lasiodora klugi are found under fallen trunks, inside burrows, or on the ground, moving on the litter.At night, they are sometimes seen climbing on large trees (pers. obs., Fig. 70). Hollows between the roots of large trees as Ficus spp. seem to be particularly important for the spiders, as they are normally seen using them as retreats (pers. obs.). In the southern state of Bahia, L. klugi can be found in areas having a mixture of Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cocoa plantation, known locally as “cabruca” that are important to preserve the local biodiversity (Fig. 70). Lasiodora klugi , as other Lasiodora species, are able to survive a certain degree of deforestation being frequently found in forest remnants in urban areas.

In the largest island of Abrolhos Archipelago, Santa Barbara, L. klugi is abundant and can feed on lizards ( Tropidurus sp. ) ( Secchin 1991).

Eickstedt (1971) recorded 3 cases of parasitism by acrocerid flies of the genus Exetasis in L. klugi . Two cases are from the state of Bahia and Colatina, state of Espirito Santo, and are probably of L. klugi . The third case occurred with a spider without locality and cannot be confirmed to this species.

Figures

FIGURES 27─32. Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841). (27–31) male (IBSP 6403). (27–29) left palp bulb. 27, retrolateral. 28, prolateral. 29, dorsal. (30─31) left tibial apophysis. 30, ventral. 31, prolateral. 32, female (IBSP 8264), spermathecae. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 33─37. Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841), male (IBSP 6403), stridulatory apparatus. (33─34) left maxilla, retrolateral. 33, general view. 34, detail of spiniform setae. (35─37) left coxa I, prolateral. 35, general view. 36, detail of stridulatory setae. 37, detail of area below suture. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 38─42. Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841), female (IBSP 8264), stridulatory apparatus. (38─39) left maxilla, retrolateral. 38, general view. 39, detail of spiniform setae. (40─42) left coxa I, prolateral. 40, general view. 41, detail of stridulatory setae. 42, detail of area below suture. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 43─50. Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841), stridulatory apparatus, variation. (43─44) male (MNRJ 7736). 43, left maxilla, retrolateral. 44, left coxa I, prolateral. (45─46) male (MZUSP 78877). 45, left maxilla, retrolateral. 46, left coxa I, prolateral. (47─48) male (MNRJ 7739). 47, left maxilla, retrolateral. 48, left coxa I, prolateral. (49─50) female (MNRJ 7738). 49, left maxilla, retrolateral. 50, left coxa I, prolateral. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 57─60. Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841). Lectotype female of L. itabunae Mello-Leitão, 1921 (MZUSP 329) (57─58) left coxa I, prolateral. 57, general view. 58, detail of stridulatory setae. 59, left maxilla, retrolateral. 60, spermathecae. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 61─66. Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841), live, males. 61, Ilhéus, state of Bahia, Brazil. 62, Igrapíúna, state of Bahia, Brazil. 63, Amargosa, state of Bahia, Brazil. 64, Una, state of Bahia, Brazil. 65, Santa Bárbara island, Abrolhos archipelago, state of Bahia, Brazil. 66, Sooretama, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Photos: 62, Marco Antonio de Freitas. 63, Willianilson Pessoa. 61, 64─66, Rogério Bertani.

FIGURES 73─74. Maps showing records of Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841) specimens in Northeastern and Southeastern Brazil. 73, relief. 74, biomes. Forested areas on Fig. 74 are in green shades, on east (Brazilian Atlantic Forest). Brown areas are of Cerrado; and pinkish, Caatinga. “?” represents questionable record.

FIGURES 8–15. Stridulatory setae of prolateral coxa I, males. 8, L. parahybana, Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho. 9, L. sertaneja n. sp. (IBSP 4127B). 10, L. camurujipe n. sp. (MNRJ 7764). 11, L. franciscana n. sp. (IBSP 8050). 12, L. subcanens (IBSP 9546). 13, L. klugi (MNRJ 7742). 14, L. benedeni (IBSP 84328). 15, L. klugi, Brazil, state of Bahia, Ilhéus. Scale bar = 1 mm.