Anthomyza pullinotum, Roháćek & Barber, 2016

Roháćek, Jindřich & Barber, Kevin N., 2016, Nearctic Anthomyzidae: a monograph of Anthomyza and allied genera (Diptera), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 56, pp. 1-412 : 177-187

Anthomyza pullinotum sp. nov.

( Figs 276 , 296–312 , 378 )

Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂, “CAN:AB: ~22.7kmS Belle-vue, Hwy 774, 17.vii.2011, KNBarber, sweeps, road-side ditch, mostly Carex spp., Equisetum , grasses 49°22.62’N 114°22.58’W ” and “ Holotypus ♂ Anthomyza pullinotum sp. n., J. Roháček & K. N. Barber det. 2014” (red). The specimen is in good condition, with exposed genitalia (saccus and nlum visible on right side) and readily observable gonostyli (see Figs 296, 298 ) ( DEBU, intact). PARATYPES: CANADA: ALBERTA: Banff N. P., 11 mi W Banff, 4500', 11.vii.1955, 1 ♂, G. E. Shewell leg. ( CNCI); Banff Nat. Pk., 15 mi E Mt. Eisenhower Jct., 27.vii.1967, 1 ♂, S. P. Whitney leg. ( USNM, genit. prep.); ~ 22.7 km S Bellevue, Hwy 774, 49°22.62'N 114°22.58'W, sweeps, roadside ditch, mostly Carex spp., Equisetum , grasses, 17.vii.2011, 10 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( CNCI 6 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, SMOC 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, USNM 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀); Calgary, Fish Creek Prov. Pk., 50°55.61'N 114°07.43'W, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata & Equisetum ssuviatile , 12.vii.2011, 1 ♀, J. E. Swann & K. N. Barber leg.; same locality but 50°55.600'N 114°07.426'W, sweep, oxbow with sedges, 9.vii.2011, 1 ♂; same locality but 50°55.739'N 114°03.312'W, sweep near creek, 22.vii.2010, 1 ♂; same locality but pond near Shannon Terrace, 50°55.600'N 114°07.427'W, swept from sedges and Equisetum , 12.viii.2011, 1 ♂; same locality but Shannon Terrace, sweep around pond by 2 nd bridge, 9.vii.2010, 7 ♂♂ 1 ♀, all J. E. Swann leg. (all BDUC); Cypress Hills, Elkwater, trails, 49°39'24"N 110°17'32"W, 1250 m, 5.vii.2001, 2 ♀♀ ( DEBU 00354151–52); Cypress Hills Prov. Pk., Elkwater, 5.vii.2001, 1 ♀ ( DEBU 00362459), all S. A. Marshall leg.; w. border Elk Island N. P., Range Rd. 210, 0.5 km N Hwy #16, 53°34.52'N 112°57.09'W, sweeps, mixed sedges, 21.vii.2008, 2 ♀♀, sweeps, Calamagrostis canadensis , 21.vii.2008, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg.; Elkwater Lk., 19.vii.1956, 1 ♂, O. Peck leg. (all CNCI); ~ 22.5 km NW Highwood House, ~ 4 km W Mist Ck., 50°31.38'N 114°53.17'W, sweeps, Carex sp. (large), 25.vii.2008, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); ~ 3.4 km SSW Hinton, Hwy #40, 53°21.27'N 117°37.32'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile , 22.vii.2008, 1 ♂; ~ 11 km WSW Hinton, nr. jct. Twp. Rd. 510A & Range Rd. 262, 53°22.72'N 117°44.13'W, sweeps, mostly Bromus inermis , 22.vii.2008, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); 2 mi S Jasper, 30.vii.1967, 1 ♂, S. P. Whitney leg. ( USNM, genit. prep.); Kananaskis Country, Sibbald Area, Hwy 68, 3.1 km W Powderface Trail, 51°03.10'N 114°54.72'W, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata , 15.vii.2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same locality but Hwy 68 & Powderface Trail, 51°02.28'N 114°52.40'W, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata ?, 15.vii.2011, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber (all CNCI); ~ 31.5 km S Kananaskis Village, 0.5 km W Little Highwood Pass, 50°38.55'N 115°02.94'W, sweeps, Bromus inermis , 25.vii.2008, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. (genit. prep.); 50 mi N Nordegg, F[orestry] Trunk Rd., along beaver pond, 20.vii.1987, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (incl. pair in copula), S. A. Marshall leg. (all DEBU); ~ 14.4 km E Obed, Range Rd. 213 @ RR crossing, 53°32.19'N 117°01.02'W, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata , 25.vii.2011, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( CNCI); Spray Valley P. Pk., 50°48.95'N 115°09.84'W, sweeps, fen, Carex utriculata ? and Poa sp., 13.vii.2011, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU 01502856). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Fernie,Annex Pk., 49°30.72'N 115°04.13'W, sweeps, wet ditch, Carex utriculata , 17.vii.2011, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. ( CNCI); Kaslo Cr., 18.vi. [-], 1 ♂, R. P.Currie leg. ( USNM, genit. prep.); ~8.0 km SE Valemount, edge of Kinbasket Lake, 52°46.65'N 119°10.38'W, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata , 23.vii.2011, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg.; Lac Le Jeune, 27.vi.1973, 1 ♂, H. J. Teskey leg.; Liard Hot Spring, mi. 496, 1500', Alaska Hwy, 9–10.vii.1959, 1 ♀, E. E. MacDougall leg. (all CNCI); Mt. Robson Prov. Pk., Hwy #16, small road towards Mt. Robson, 53°03'N 119°15'W, forest noor, swamp, (Universität Bielefeld, Ca1519), 6.viii.2002, 1 ♂, M. v. Tschirnhaus leg. ( ZSMC, in ethanol); Revelstoke, 2.vii.1973, 1 ♀, H. J. Teskey leg.; Sawmill Lk., Telegraph Ck., 1100', 2.vii.1960, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, W. W. Moss leg., Carex , grass, Equisetum beside lake, 2.vii.1960, 1 ♂, 28.viii.1960, 1 ♂, R.Pilfrey leg.; ~ 27 km N Sparwood, Lower Elk Valley Rd., 49°50.24'N 114°53.29'W, sweeps, edge of creek, Carex utriculata ?, 20.vii.2011, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg.; Summit Lake, mi. 392 Alaska Hwy, 4500', 8.vii.1959, 1 ♀, E. E. MacDougall leg.; Spring Creek, Terrace, 220', 11.vi.1960, 1 ♂, R. Pilfrey leg. (all CNCI). LABRADOR: Goose Bay, 9.vii.1948, 1 ♂, 13.vii.1948, 1 ♀, W. E. Beckel leg., 11.vii.1950, 1 ♀, J. J. Tibbles leg. ( CNCI). ONTARIO: Moosonee, 51.27717°N 80.64778°W, Repl. 3 wet, Malaise trap, 19–22.vi.2010, 1 ♀, NBP Field Party leg. ( LEMQ). YUKON: Klondike Hwy, 8.8 km S Twin Lakes, Conglomerate Mt., 61°37.9'N 135°53.1'W, sweep along Klusha Creek, 15.vii.1998, 1 ♂; same locality but Conglomerate Mt., Klusha Creek, 61°38'N 135°53'W, sweep grass/ sedges along creek, 8.vii.1997, 1 ♂ both ( LEMQ); Alaska Highway at Yukon River crossing, 60°34'N 134°40'W, sweep grass/ sedges along river margin, 2.vii.1997, 13 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ ( LEMQ 0039623 [only 1 ♂ with accession #], 1 ♂ wing illustration, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ genit. prep.); Yukon River at Alaska Hwy crossing, sweep grass/ sedges along riverbank, 2.vii.1997, 1 ♀ ( LEMQ 0039961), all T. A. Wheeler leg. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: ALASKA: Knik Lake, NW of Wasilla, sweeping vegetation edge of lake, 18.vii.1978, 7 ♂♂ 1 ♀, P. H. Arnaud Jr. leg. ( CASC, 1 ♂ genit. prep.). COLORADO: Electra Lake, F.4367E, ~ 37°33'N 107°48'W, ~8400', 28.vi.–1.vii.1919, 2 ♀♀, [no collector] ( AMNH, 1 ♀ genit. prep.); Estes Park, 11.vii.1934, 1 ♂, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM, genit. prep.); Teller Co., 3.5 mi S Florissant, Sanborn Ranch, along tributary of Plum Creek, 14.vii.2004, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, The Nature Place, sweeping forbs, 10.vii.2004, 1 ♀, B. A. Foote leg. ( CMNH); Summit Co., Frisco, 3.viii.2001, 2 ♂♂, I. S. Winkler leg. ( BYUC); Jackson Co., Gould, 8.viii.1965, 1 ♀, F. C. Harmston leg. ( LACM, genit. prep.); Boulder County, Middle Boulder Creek, 16 km W Boulder, Hwy 119, 2280 m, 8.viii.1973, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, P. H. Arnaud Jr. leg. ( CASC, 1 ♂ genit. prep.); 3 mi N Nederland, 8500', marshy stream margin, 2.vii.1961, 1 ♀; 5 mi E Nederland, 7500', marshy lake & stream margin, 2.vii.1961, 1 ♂, both J. G. Chillcott leg.; State Bridge nr. Bond, 7000', 24–25.vi.1961, 1 ♂, C. H. Mann leg. (all CNCI). MICHIGAN: Keweenaw Co., Isle Royale, 15., 17.vii.1938, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, G. Steyskal leg. ( USNM, 1 ♂ genit. prep.). NEW HAMPSHIRE: Pinkham Notch, 9.vii.1931, 1 ♀, J. M. Aldrich leg. ( USNM).

Description. Male. Total body length 2.48–2.90 mm; body distinctively bicolourous ( Figs 296–298 ), with occiput (partly) and dorsal sides of thorax and abdomen largely brown to dark greyish brown (notum in particular), sharply contrasting with yellow lateral and ventral sides of thorax and abdomen, most of head, and all extremities (including antenna and palpus). Head about as long as high, anteriorly slightly angular in pronle, with face slightly receding, largely yellow except for brownish ocellar triangle and darker brown occipital pattern. Occiput very slightly concave, bicolourous, laterally with large dark brown subtriangular area extended from posterior eye margin to foramen and medially with small pale brown spot behind ocellar triangle; lateroventral parts of occiput and medial V-shaped area above foramen yellow (the latter dorsally transilient to yellow parts of frons and largely covered with 2 silvery microtomentose spots meeting above foramen). Frons relatively narrow, yellow and largely dull, only ocellar triangle brown; frontal triangle with sparse but distinct silvery golden glittering microtomentum as in A. mcalpinei . Also orbits as in latter species, with silvery whitish microtomentum reduced behind middle ors to form a narrow line. Frontal triangle very narrow and with attenuated and acutely pointed anterior corner reaching to anterior fourth to nfth of frons. Frontal lunule small but distinct, yellow. Face as in that of A. mcalpinei but separated from parafacialia by broader and usually darker, golden-orange microtomentose marginal stripe reaching onto ventral margin of gena; parafacialia, gena, postgena and mouthparts coloured and microtomentose as in A. mcalpinei . Cephalic chaetotaxy not particularly different from that of A. mcalpinei including dark colour and variability in length of setae; only postocular setulae (6–7) somewhat longer, particularly those situated more dorsally. Palpus as described for A. mcalpinei including chaetotaxy. Eye also very similar to that of A. mcalpinei , with longest diameter oblique and 1.3–1.4 times as long as shortest. Shortest genal height 0.16–0.18 times as long as shortest eye diameter, thus gena somewhat deeper (higher) than that of A. mcalpinei . Antenna geniculate, entirely yellow; 1st nagellomere with short white pilosity. Arista about 1.9 times as long as antenna; basal segments ochreous yellow, distal setiform part blackish brown and with (dark) cilia shorter than those on 1st nagellomere as in A. mcalpinei .

Thorax slightly narrower than head. Scutum dorsally invariably dark greyish brown with dense pale grey microtomentum with distinct bluish tinge ( Fig. 297 ). Humeral callus and notopleural area yellow (but the latter usually with ochreous to pale brown darkening around anterior npl), often with yellow or ochreous colour extended along suture up to level of prs, and sometimes also with short yellow stripe between sa and pa. Scutellum also brown and similarly microtomentose to scutum but sometimes (particularly medially) paler brown. Pleural part of thorax sparsely whitish grey microtomentose, more shining than scutum, usually entirely bright yellow ( Fig. 297 ), rarely with very narrow brownish marginal darkening dorsally on mesopleuron and propleuron. Postscutellum and postnotum brown to dark brown. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 hu (usually longer than posterior npl) plus 1 (rarely 2) hu setula on humeral callus; 2 npl (anterior distinctly longer than hu); 1 distinct prs (as long as or longer than hu); 1 sa (as long as prs) and 1 pa (usually longer than sa); 2 long postsutural dc (anterior about as long as anterior npl, posterior longest of thoracic setae) and 6–8 dc microsetae in front of them (the hindmost distinctly enlarged); ac microsetae more sparse than in A. mcalpinei , arranged in only 2 medial rows but with 1–2 lateral ac microsetae behind suture in addition; hindmost (medial) ac pair usually situated somewhat beyond level of posterior dc; 2 sc (shorter laterobasal about as long as sa, apical almost as long as posterior dc); 1 small hair-like ppl (exceptionally 2, observed in single specimen); 2 long stpl (anterior shorter) and 4–5 upcurved setulae in dorsal half of sternopleuron, its ventral part with 5–6 longer setae. Scutellum rounded triangular, slightly convex dorsally. Legs pale yellow, only distal half to three-fourths of last tarsal segment of all tarsi dark brown. Pedal chaetotaxy very similar to that in A. mcalpinei : f 1 with ctenidial spine only slightly longer than maximum width of t 1; f 3 in distal two-nfths with 5–7 shortened and thickened setae in posteroventral row; t 2 with short ventroapical seta; fore and hind basitarsus with 2–3 enlarged (also thickened on hind basitarsus) ventrobasal setulae, also mid basitarsus with 1 or 2 somewhat longer and thicker ventrobasal setulae. Wing ( Fig. 276 ) less elongate (somewhat wider) than that of A. mcalpinei, having pale yellowish ochreous veins and membrane. C with distinct sparse spinulae (not well visible on Fig. 276 because erect and perpendicular to alar plane) among hair-like setosity between apices of R 1 and R 2+3. R 2+3 long, bent parallel to C with apex slightly upcurved to it; R 4+5 very slightly bent, subparallel with almost straight or indistinctly bent M. Discal cell (dm) moderately long and narrow; r-m situated slightly in front of the middle of cell dm. Apical portion of CuA 1 longer than dm-cu and ending near wing margin; A 1 short, ending far from it. Alula distinct, moderately narrow. Wing measurements: length 2.56–2.90 mm, width 0.81–0.99 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 0.86–1.25, rm\dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.63–3.17. Haltere yellowish white with stem more yellow.

Abdomen dorsally largely brown, ventrally pale to whitish yellow ( Fig. 298 ). Preabdominal terga T1–T5 mostly brown but their side areas variously yellow; T2–T3 usually darkest with only margins yellow, T1 and T4–T5 (particularly) usually with lateral yellow regions larger, covering up to one third on each side. T1–T5 relatively shortly and sparsely setose, subshining, with greyish microtomentum distinct but sparser than that on thorax. T1 and T2 separate, only narrowly fused laterally. T1 shortest and most transverse, T2 slightly shorter than T3–T5, the latter subequal in size, all reaching onto lateroventral sides of abdomen. Preabdominal sterna pale to whitish yellow, relatively broad (only S1 and S2 narrower) and becoming wider posteriorly; S1 short and transverse, S2 slightly, S3–S5 distinctly transverse, all suboblong to slightly trapezoidal (wider posteriorly), S5 widest. S2–S5 nnely but not very densely setose, only S1 bare and with darker posterior marginal stripe. T6 submembranous as in A. mcalpinei , very short, transversely strip-like, bare and almost unpigmented. S6 and S7 pale brown (usually) to brown, often with central part lighter (up to ochreous yellow), both with dark brown anterior marginal ledge; both S6 and S7 with 2–3 (usually 2) setae; S8 somewhat longer than epandrium, brown (usually darker than S6 and S7 but paler than epandrium), setose in posterior two-thirds.

Genitalia. Epandrium ( Figs 299, 300 ) darker than S8 ( Fig. 298 ), moderately long and relatively broad as in A. mcalpinei , but slightly less setose, with 2 or 3 pairs of longer and thicker setae dorsolaterally; anal nssure relatively small but more acutely triangular than that of A. mcalpinei . Cercus relatively short and pale, with nne setae, apical and preapical longest. Cerci ( Fig. 299 ) distinctly closer to each other than in A. mcalpinei . Medandrium ( Fig. 299 ) simple, slightly smaller (lower) than in A. mcalpinei , dorsally slightly narrowed and with dorsolateral corners simple, obtuse-angled, ventrally with shallow broad emargination, bare. Gonostylus ( Figs 299, 300, 303 ) elongate and slender but shorter than epandrial height, bent anteriorly (with distinct anterior concavity in lateral view – Figs 298 , 300 ), distally gradually tapered and apically somewhat pointed, with 1 short apical and 1 small subapical tooth ( Fig. 303 ), thus more resembling that of the Palaearctic A. dissors but distinctly different from that of A. mcalpinei although similarly micropubescent on most of outer side and with longer setae only on inner side. Hypandrium ( Fig. 302 ) resembling that of A. mcalpinei but somewhat more robust. Transandrium ( Fig. 301 ) also as in the latter species although more arched dorsally, without caudal process except for a pair of short medial sclerotizations transilient to nnely spinose parts of basal membrane. Pregonite ( Fig. 302 ) most similar to that of A. mcalpinei but with anterior tooth more slender and acutely pointed, ventrally with 5 (2 middle usually longest) setae. Postgonite ( Fig. 302 ) clearly different from that of A. mcalpinei , short and unusually broad, widest preapically (in lateral view), with wide rounded apex, dark basally, pale apically, with 1 setula in basal third to fourth of anterior margin and several sensillae on outer side. Dorsal internal sclerite at base of postgonite distinct, narrower than, and almost as long as postgonite. Basal membrane ( Figs 301, 302 ) with the same nne armature as in A. mcalpinei , but spinulae on posterolateral areas smaller. Aedeagal part of folding apparatus with different structure from those of A. mcalpinei and A. dissors , laterally with elongate group of nne dark tubercles in addition to elongate hyaline striae. Connecting sclerite strong, dark, proximally fused to phallophore, distally slightly wider and with a few (in contrast to that of A. mcalpinei ) spines on apex ( Fig. 304 ); membrane posterior to connecting sclerite with only nne unpigmented spinulae and nat warts. Phallapodeme very similar to that of A. mcalpinei including position and shape of fulcrum and laterally projecting apex ( Fig. 304 ). Aedeagus ( Fig. 304 ) with phallophore short and compact; distiphallus large and long, bind from near its base. Saccus more voluminous and longer than in A. mcalpinei and A. dissors , often more dilated distally, membranous, basally with usual slender sclerites plus one short lateral sclerite and armed with 8 robust dark-pigmented spines (thus more than in A. mcalpinei ). Filum most resembling that of A. mcalpinei but its curved slender terminal part distal to small subterminal membranous lobe with fewer spinulae ( Fig. 305 ). Ejacapodeme small, pale, with small pointed terminal projection ( Fig. 304 ).

Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise. Total body length 3.09–3.73 mm. Head with occiput sometimes yellower, with lateral brown areas interrupted by a yellow stripe connecting orbit with lateroventral area of occiput. Frons with up to 4 pairs of medial microsetulae in front of frontal triangle. Outer side of 1st nagellomere with large darker (ochreous to pale brown) anterodorsal spot below insertion of arista, also dorsal margin of inner side sometimes faintly darkened. Thorax often paler than in male because yellow lateral areas extend dorsally or even onto posterior nfth of scutum to form small yellow spots in prescutellar area; scutellum also sometimes partly (usually laterally) yellow to (rarely) completely ochreous yellow. Largest female specimens with more ac microsetae (forming 4 rows also presuturally) and with more setose sternopleuron (with up to 6 upcurved setulae and 7 ventral setae). f 3 without row of shortened and thickened posteroventral setae. Wing generally more elongate. Wing measurements: length 3.07–3.67 mm, width 0.99–1.19 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 0.87–1.11, rm\ dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.29–3.20. Abdomen with T1–T6 distinctly lighter, brownish only medially but these darker areas often reduced to small medial spots or sometimes disappear to leave terga completely yellow. T2–T5 shorter and more transverse than in male, T1 distinctly, T2 slightly narrower than T3. T3–T5 broad and subequal in size, all wider than T6. Preabdominal sterna pale yellow, somewhat more densely setose and slightly narrower than in male. S2 as long as wide, S3 slightly, S4 and S5 distinctly transversely suboblong. S5 largest and widest abdominal sternum, being slightly wider than S6.

Postabdomen ( Figs 306, 308 ) relatively long (more elongate than in A. mcalpinei ), telescopic, yellow with brown markings. T6 simple, large, narrower than T5 and much longer than that of A. mcalpinei , slightly tapered posteriorly and with broadly rounded posterior corners, dark yellow or with medial brownish area of various size, with relatively short and dense setae in posterior two-thirds (dorsomedially in only posterior half), marginal setae longest. S6 also relatively narrow (less transverse than in A. mcalpinei ), slightly trapezoidal with anterior corners rounded, less broad than S5, pale yellow and nnely densely setose. Tergosternum T7+S7 relatively long, subcylindrical, narrowing slightly posteriorly, dorsomedially ( Fig. 306 ) shortened due to anteromedial incision (shallower than that seen in A. mcalpinei ), ventrally longer but without anteroventral pouch-like structures ( Fig. 308 ). T7+S7 with variable yellow and brown pattern, dorsally with brown posteromedial area that is variable in size, ventrolateral region often with brown area that becomes darker anteroventrally; ventral part of T7+S7 with original S7 well discernible but fused anteriorly with dilated anteroventral lobes of T7, relatively dark but with paler elongate area medially, with nne setae and sparse micropubescence ( Fig. 308 ); dorsal and lateral parts of T7+S7 with rather short setae, those dorsally distinctly shorter and thicker ( Figs 306 , 378 ); 7th spiracle embedded in expanded lateral part of original T7 ( Figs 308 , 378 ). 8th segment nnely micropubescent laterally. T8 ( Fig. 306 ) about as long as wide, with sides bent ventrally, brownish, with deep emargination anteromedially and with unpigmented crescent-shaped marginal area posteromedially (hence different from that of A. mcalpinei ), with sparse micropubescence centrally and nne exclinate setae laterodorsally; S8 ( Fig. 308 ) shorter than T8, anteriorly strongly tapered, medially divided into 2 posteriorly convex (dorsally bent), nnely hirsute and micropubescent sclerites that have a rather cordate shape. Genital chamber (uterus) posteriorly with distinctive darkpigmented internal sclerotization ( Figs 309, 311, 312 ) formed by 1 compact ventral sclerite (different from that of A. mcalpinei because convex ventrally), a complex (doubled) pair of weak, elongate and pale-pigmented dorsal sclerites and 1 subcircular, curved (in pronle) annular sclerite situated in front of the former. Membranous part of genital chamber large but without additional sclerotizations. Ventral receptacle ( Fig. 311 ) slender (also somewhat thicker basally compared to A. mcalpinei ), tube-like, hyaline, terminally with spirally twisted vermicular apex. Accessory gland small, vesicular as in A. mcalpinei ; slightly dilated and ringed part of duct sometimes longer than in the latter species. Spermathecae (1+1) broadly ovoid ( Figs 307, 310 ), each with distinct terminal invagination being shallower than that of A. mcalpinei and with a number of short spines (more pointed and somewhat bigger than in A. mcalpinei ) in basal third surrounding duct insertion; duct very long and without distinct cervix, terminating in centre of base of spermatheca. T10 small ( Fig. 306 ), pentagonal, brownish and with usually 4–5 pairs of setae (1 long) and reduced micropubescence. S10 pale brown, somewhat wider and distinctly longer than T10, elongate rounded-pentagonal in ventral view ( Fig. 308 ), nnely setose and micropubescent. Cercus relatively short and robust and somewhat dorsoventrally nattened, with numerous nne and relatively short setae, apical and dorsopreapical longest.

Discussion. Anthomyza pullinotum sp. nov. proved to be closely allied to A. mcalpinei sp. nov. and A. dissors (Palaearctic) . The latter pair probably forms the sister group to A. pullinotum (see discussion under A. mcalpinei ) even though the gonostylus of A. pullinotum more closely resembles that of A. dissors . Regarding its external appearance, A. pullinotum can be distinguished from all species of the A. pallida group by the dark greyish brown scutum with distinctive bluish-grey microtomentum that contrasts with the bright yellow pleuron. The dark forms of A. mcalpinei and A. dissors (also having yellow pleura) have this microtomentum darker grey and, moreover, A. mcalpinei has the lateral occipital spot behind the eye paler or absent. Dark specimens of other related species, A. concolor , A. occidentalis and A. vockerothi , differ in having the pleura brown or at least brownish spotted. The new species is further diagnosed by a unique combination of the following characters: frontal triangle narrow and long with attenuated and acute anterior corner; ac microsetae sparser (in male in particular); male S6–S8 brownish; gonostylus with distinct anterior concavity in lateral view (most similar to that of A. dissors ); postgonite short and very broad; saccus voluminous and long; female T6 relatively narrow; ventral part of T7+S7 with distinctive formation and pigmentation; spermatheca with largest spines and relatively shallow terminal invagination; female genital chamber with 2 pairs of pale dorsal sclerites in addition to single ventral one.

Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the dark greyish brown colouration of the thoracic notum contrasting with the bright yellow pleura; pullus meaning dark in Latin. Noun in apposition.

Biology. The type locality (Alberta: ~22.7 km S Bellevue, Fig. 313 ) is representative of the habitat for A. pullinotum . This was a wet, roadside ditch supporting a dense growth dominated by Carex spp., Equisetum sp. and undetermined grasses. Only one other collection provided a similar number of specimens (Yukon: Alaska Highway at Yukon River crossing, both n = 19) and is described as “grass/ sedges along river margin”. Another collection (Alberta: ~14.4 km E Obed) yielded six specimens from a wet depression dominated by Carex utriculata , next to a railway crossing. All other records with biological data are of one or two specimens each where there is general mention of riparian habitats and margins of water bodies. More specinc mention is made of a mix of “ Carex , grass, Equisetum beside lake” (British Columbia: Sawmill Lk.), which is vegetatively similar to the type locality. Other records include a mixture of species dominated by C. utriculata and Equisetum ssuviatile (Alberta: Fish Creek P. Pk.), and there are several other collection localities in Alberta and British Columbia containing C. utriculata . Additionally, the grasses Calamagrostis canadensis (Alberta: w. border Elk Island N. P.) and Bromus inermis (Alberta: ~ 11 km WSW Hinton, ~31.5 km S Kananaskis Village), and the horsetail E. ssuviatile (Alberta: ~3.4 km SSW Hinton) were specincally sampled and yielded A. pullinotum . One locality (Alberta: Spray Valley P. Pk.) mentioned Poa sp. mixed with what was probably C. utriculata . There are no biological data from the few scattered eastern records. Adults of A. pullinotum were collected from 11 June (British Columbia: Terrace – Spring Creek) to 12 August (Alberta: Fish Creek P. Pk.).

Distribution. The records for this species are relatively sparse and widely distributed. Most are from the west in Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon and Colorado. There are only single localities recorded in Alaska and the eastern jurisdictions of Ontario, Labrador, Michigan and New Hampshire. These are summarized as Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Ontario, Yukon; United States of America: Alaska, Colorado, Michigan, New Hampshire (see Table 2, Fig. 598 ).

Figures

Figs 274–276. Wings of the Nearctic species of the Anthomyza pallida group. 274 – A. pengellyi sp. nov., male, wing length 2.65 mm (Canada: Ontario); 275 – A. mcalpinei sp. nov., male, wing length 2.7 mm (Canada: Ontario); 276 – A. pullinotum sp. nov., male, wing length 2.3 mm (Canada: Yukon Territory). Photo by K. N. Barber.

Figs 294–298. Primary types of the Anthomyza pallida group. 294 – A. pengellyi sp. nov, holotype male, laterally, body length 2.44 mm; 295 – A.mcalpinei sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.94 mm; 296 – A. pullinotum sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.74 mm; 297 – the same, head and thorax, laterally; 298 – the same, abdomen laterally. Photo by J. Roháček.

Figs 299–305. Anthomyza pullinotum sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Alberta). 299 – external genitalia, caudally; 300 – external genitalia, laterally; 301 – transandrium, caudally; 302 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 303 – gonostylus, ventrocaudally (widest extension); 304 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 305 – apex of nlum, lateroventrally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 303, 305) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 306–312. Anthomyza pullinotum sp. nov., paratype female (Canada: Alberta). 306 – postabdomen, dorsally; 307 – spermatheca; 308 – postabdomen, ventrally; 309 – female internal sclerites ventrally; 310 – spermatheca; 311 – distal end of female genital chamber, laterally; 312 – internal sclerites and T8 and S8, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 306, 308), 0.05 mm (Figs 307, 310) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 376–380. Female T7+S7 and/or apex of postabdomen of Anthomyza species, laterally. 376 – A. concolor (Thomson, 1869) (USA: California); 377 – A. occidentalis sp. nov., paratype (USA: Oregon); 378 – A. pullinotum sp. nov., paratype (Canada: Alberta); 379 – A. vockerothi sp. nov., paratype (Canada: Ontario). 380 – A. mcalpinei sp. nov., paratype (Canada: Ontario). Scales = 0.2 mm.

Figs 313–315.Habitats of species of the Anthomyza pallida group.313 – growth of graminoids (Carex spp.and grasses) and Equisetum in road ditch 22.5 km S Bellevue (Canada:Alberta), habitat in type locality of A. pullinotum sp. nov.; 314 – close-up of growth with predominant Equisetum telmateia braunii in Tokatee Klootchman State Natural Site (USA: Oregon), microhabitat in type locality of A. occidentalis sp. nov.; 315 – a pool along Waldo Rd. about 4.1 km E O’Brien (USA: Oregon) with emergent Juncus sp., habitat of A. concolor (Thomson, 1860). Photo by K. N. Barber.

Fig. 598. Map of North America showing distributions of two members of Cluster 2: Anthomyza gilviventris sp. nov. and A. pullinotum sp. nov. The square symbols for A. pullinotum are enlarged to improve visibility at common localities. See “Distributional patterns” for explanation of Clusters.