Satyrichthys milleri, Kawai, Toshio, 2013

Kawai, Toshio, 2013, Revision of the peristediid genus Satyrichthys (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) with the description of a new species, S. milleri sp. nov., Zootaxa 3635 (4), pp. 419-438 : 429-432

Satyrichthys milleri sp. nov.

New Japanese name: Hige-kihoubou-damashi ( Figure 7–9 ; Tables 1–5)

Holotype: HUMZ 193886, 182 mm SL, off Java, Indonesia (8°18.8’S, 110°13.1’E to 8°18.2’S, 110°11.3’E), 530–582 m, 11 May 2005.

Paratypes (59.9–265 mm SL): HUMZ 193885, 236 mm SL, collected with holotype; HUMZ 194165, 194166, 2 specimens, 265, 195 mm SL, off Java, Indonesia (8°28.5’S, 110°19.6’E to 8°27.7’S, 110°18.2’E), 820–860 m, 11 May 2005; HUMZ 212427, 1 specimen, 59.9 mm SL, East China Sea (29°47.0’N, 127°34.0’E), 280 m, 15 June 2011; HUMZ 213180, 1 specimen, 192 mm SL, Donggang Fishing Port, Pingtung, Taiwan, 28 Jan. 2012; MNHN 1984-0663, 1 specimen, 207 mm SL, Philippines (13°49’1”N, 120°31’59”E), 550 m, Dec. 1980; MNHN 1996-1043, 1 specimen, 189 mm SL, Vanuatu (16°31’59”N, 168°0’0”E), 561–564 m, collected by R/V Alis, 1 Oct. 1994; MNHN 2002-3110, 2 specimens, 169, 201 mm SL, Fiji (17°4’59”N, 178°57’0”W), 550–687 m, collected by R/V Alis, 28 Feb. 1999; PMBC 7732, 1 specimen, 100 mm SL, Andaman Sea (6°41.07’N, 97°58.02’E), 20 Mar. 1989; PMBC 25180, 1 specimen, 221 mm SL, Andaman Sea; SNFR 14406, 1 specimen, 132 mm SL, East China Sea (31°10.5’N, 128°16.9’E to 31°18.0’N, 128°17.3’E), 373– 259 m, 22 Sep. 2009; USNM 135936, 1 specimen, 247 mm SL, Mindanao (8°37’15’’N, 124°36’00’’E), Philippines, 5 Aug. 1909; USNM 164367, 9 specimens, 96.4–151 mm SL, Capitancillo (11°10’00’’N, 124°17’15’’E), Philippines, 16 Mar. 1909; USNM 164368, 9 specimens, 68.7–106 mm SL, between Cebu and Bohol (10°10’30’’N, 123°51’15’’E), Philippines, 265 m, 23 Mar. 1909; USNM 164369, 3 specimens, 102–109 mm SL, between Cebu and Bohol (10°9’15’’N, 123°52’E), Philippines, 296 m, 23 Mar. 1909; USNM 164370, 3 specimens, 68.1–82.5 mm SL, Mindanao (7°2’N, 125°38’45”E), Philippines, 18 Mar. 1909; USNM 164372, 2 specimens, 83.4, 97.0 mm SL, Chocolate (11°15’30’’N, 124°11’E), Philippines, 271 m, 3 Apr. 1908; USNM 164373, 1 specimen, 129 mm SL, Luzon (16°38’00’’N, 119°57’18”E), Philippines, 340 m, 10 Mar. 1909; USNM 164374, 1 specimen, ca. 124 mm SL, between Leyte and Cebu (11°11’45’’N, 124°15’45’’E), Philippines, 344 m, 16 Mar. 1909; USNM 164375, 1 specimen, 129 mm SL, between Marindugue and Luzon (13°38’30’’N, 121°42’45”E), Philippines, 24 Apr. 1908.

Diagnosis. A species of Satyrichthys with equilateral-triangular rostral projections; 4 (rarely 5) lip and 4 chin barbels and lacking anteriorly directed spines on posterior bony plates of upper lateral row.

Description. Counts and proportional measurements are given in Tables 1–5; those of the holotype are given first, followed by those of the paratypes in parentheses.

Body fusiform, covered with bony plates. Head large, depressed and extremely expanded around lateral edges, length 2.3 (2.0–2.4) in SL. Snout broad, length 2.0 (1.8–2.2) in HL. Flat and triangular rostral projections on both sides being parallel, length as long as its width at base, and 4.1 (4.1–5.9) in HL. Interorbital concave, width 3.9 (3.8–4.7) in HL. No rostral, nasal and fourth suborbital spines. Single mesethmoid spine rudimentary; large stout supraocular spine on dorso-posterior region of orbit; very large and stout parietal spine; small and stout posttemporal spine with ridge.

Mouth large, inferior. Posterior tip of upper jaw not reaching to below anterior border of orbit, upper jaw length 2.9 (2.5–3.1) in HL. Lower jaw reaching to below anterior border of orbit, length 2.7 (2.4–2.8) in HL. Longitudinal ridge running from preopercle to rostral projection. Preopercle with two backwardly directed spines, outer spine longer and stronger than inner [no inner spine on left side of MNHN 2002-3110 (169 mm SL)]. Two opercular spines, uppermost smaller; lowermost larger with a ridge. Gill rakers on first arch stick-like, with minute spines on inner side. Jaws, vomer and palatine toothless. Four [five on left side of HUMZ 213180 and on right side of USNM 164370 (tag 1885)] barbels on lip; anterior three barbels unbranched; posteriormost longest and branched, 1.1 (0.9–1.5) in HL. Four unbranched barbels on chin. Gill membrane narrowly united to isthmus.

Bony plates on body arranged in four horizontal rows [additional two bony plates dorsal to 16th and 17th bony plates in upper lateral row in USNM 164367 (tag 24186), five dorsal to 14–18th in USNM 164367 (tag 24189), one ventral to posteriormost plate in USNM 164368 (tag 3052), one dorsal to 14th and 15th in USNM 164368 (tag 3056), and one antero-ventral to 6th in USNM 164369 (tag 3087)]; each plate with one sharp backwardly directed spine, with the following exceptions: dorsal and ventral rows of the caudal peduncle and two [three on both sides of HUMZ 193885, 194166, 213180, MNHN 1984-0663, USNM 164367 (no tag) and 164368 (tag 3053), only on left side of USNM 164367 (tag 24181) and 164375, and only on right side of MNHN 2002-3110 (201 mm SL)] plates before the anus, which are large with a low ridge. Anteriormost bony plate in dorsal row largest. Anterior five bony plates in upper lateral row small; no plates with a small forwardly directed spine. Lower lateral row terminating on caudal peduncle.

Dorsal fin originating between first and second bony plates in dorsal row, ending on anterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anal fin originating posterior to anus. Pectoral fin reaching to base of first anal fin ray; lower two rays completely free and greatly thickened, upper ray longer than lower. Pelvic fin reaching to anus. Caudal fin weakly emarginate.

Color of holotype when fresh based on color photograph. Head and body dark brown. Dorsal and pectoral fins, except for free rays, and posterior half of longest barbel blackish. Anal, pelvic and caudal fins dark brown. Two free pectoral fin rays brown.

Color of holotype in alcohol. Head and body brown. All fins and barbels unchanged from fresh. Color of paratypes similar to holotype.

Distribution. Known from East China Sea, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Andaman Sea, Vanuatu and Fiji, in depth of 259– 860 m.

Etymology. Named in honor of George C. Miller for his numerous contributions to the taxonomy of the family Peristediidae .

Remarks. Satyrichthys milleri sp. nov. is easily distinguished from all congeners in lacking antrorse spines on the posterior bony plates of the lower lateral row ( Fig. 2 A) and triangular rostral projections [vs. having antrorse spines (rarely absent in S. clavilapis ) and stick-like rostral projections]. The four (rarely five) lip barbels in S. milleri sp. nov. also differs from the two (rarely one) in S. clavilapis , two in S. longiceps and S. rieffeli , and three in S. moluccensis . In addition, S. milleri is separable from all species of Satyrichthys , except S. laticeps , in having 4 chin barbels [vs. 0 (rarely 1) in S. clavilapis , 1 in S. longiceps , 0 (rarely 2) in S. moluccensis , 2 (rarely 1) in S. rieffeli , and 3 in S. welchi ] (Table 4).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Dorsal views of the posterior bony plates of Satyrichthys milleri sp. nov., HUMZ 194166, 195 mm SL, paratype (A) and Satyrichthys laticeps, HUMZ 73294, 339 mm SL (B). Arrows indicate antrose spines on the upper lateral row.

FIGURE 7. Holotype of Satyrichthys milleri sp. nov., HUMZ 193886, 182 mm SL.

FIGURE 8. Dorsal (upper) and lateral (lower) views of Satyrichthys milleri sp. nov., HUMZ 193886, holotype, 182 mm SL.

FIGURE 9. Ventral view of the head (A) and the barbels on left side (B) of Satyrichthys milleri sp. nov., HUMZ 193886, holotype, 182 mm SL. Scale indicates 10 mm.