Pales

Evenhuis, Neal L. & Pape, Thomas, 2017, Battling the un-dead: the status of the Diptera genus-group names originally proposed in Johann Wilhelm Meigen’s 1800 pamphlet, Zootaxa 4275 (1), pp. 1-74 : 44

40. Pales

[ Pales ] Meigen, 1800: 14.

CURRENT STATUS: Unavailable name; work suppressed for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by action of I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339 [Opinion 678]); treated under Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 [teste Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993: 56)].

[ Pales ] Osten Sacken, 1882: 193.

CURRENT STATUS: Unavailable name; criteria to make the name available not fulfilled in this work. REMARKS: Osten Sacken (1882) included this name only in a list of Meigen 1800 names without stating their availability.

Pales Bezzi, 1906: 54 .

ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: None.

FIRST INCLUDED SPECIES: Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781 (in Hendel 1908: 46).

TYPE SPECIES: Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781 , by subsequent monotypy (in Hendel 1908: 46).

CURRENT STATUS: Preoccupied by Pales Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 ; Pales Koch, 1850 ; Pales Gray, 1866b ; junior synonym of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 . New Synonymy.

FAMILY: TIPULIDAE .

REMARKS: Pales was originally proposed by Meigen (1800: 14) without included species and later made unavailable by the suppression of the entire work for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by action of the I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339 [Opinion 678]). In his discussion of Pales Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 , Bezzi (1906: 54) mentioned that there was an earlier use of Pales by Meigen, 1800, and although he had not seen that work he provisionally accepted Meigen’s name as a senior homonym, which makes the name available from Bezzi (1906) [cf. ICZN Code Article 11.6.1]; although he failed to include any species. Bezzi (1908a: 185) indicated Meigen’s name in synonymy with Pales Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 , indirectly as “(nec Meig.)” but again did not include any species. Hendel (1908: 46) gave characters for the genus-group name (reproducing Meigen’s characters) and included the first species, Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781 , which is thus the type species by subsequent monotypy. Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781 is currently treated in Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 [teste Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993: 56)], which makes Pales Bezzi, 1906 a junior synonym of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 , n. syn. Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993: 56) gave the method of typification for Pales as by subsequent designation, but this is incorrect. Hendel (1908: 46) did not designate a type species but merely listed a single species, so the typification is by subsequent monotypy. The mistake by Oosterbroek & Theowald (1993) could have been made by Hendel’s notation of “Art: Tip. dorsalis Fab. ” in which the “Art: Tip.” may have been mistaken for “Art Typ.”