Smeringopus, Simon, 1890, Simon, 1890

HUBER, BERNHARD A., 2012, Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae), Zootaxa 3461 (1), pp. 1-138 : 7

Identification key

This key is designed to identify the species groups of Smeringopus . Species within species groups are best identified by comparing diagnostic figures. Note that males and females must be present for this key to work.

1 Male chelicerae with long distal lateral apophyses ( Figs. 24–27 ); epigynum with distinct posterior indentation ( Figs. 38–57 )....................................................................................... rubrotinctus group

- Male chelicerae with shorter distal apophyses; epigynum without posterior indentation............................. 2

2 Male palpal cymbium with very long slender process near palpal tarsal organ ( Figs. 131, 132 )........... chogoria group

- Male palpal cymbium without or with much shorter process near palpal tarsal organ (e.g. Figs. 357 , 367 , 387 )........... 3

3 Epigynum without pair of pockets........................................................................ 4

- Epigynum with pair of pockets (e.g. Figs. 459 , 542 ).......................................................... 7

4 Genital bulb with only one process ( Fig. 151 ); cheliceral apophyses in relatively proximal position ( Fig. 153 )... S. ngangao

- Genital bulb with two or three processes................................................................... 5

5 Male palpal coxa with retrolateral apophysis (arrow in Fig. 379 )........................................ S. pallidus

- Male palpal coxa without retrolateral apophysis............................................................ 6

6 Genital bulb with two processes............................................... arambourgi group and S. ndumo

- Genital bulb with three processes (or dorsal process clearly bifid, Figs. 338 , 360, 364 )... natalensis group (except S. ndumo )

7 Male chelicerae with proximal frontal projections ( Figs. 771 , 779 , 788 )............................... roeweri group

- Male chelicerae without proximal frontal projections......................................................... 8

8 Legs without curved hairs............................................................................... 9

- Legs with curved hairs................................................................................ 10

9 Abdomen without dorsal pattern ( Figs. 530, 534 ); procursus without distal pointed apophysis ( Figs. 533, 537 ); cymbium with elongation ( Figs. 533, 537 )............................................................ cylindrogaster group

- Abdomen with distinct dorsal pattern ( Figs. 699, 701, 703 ); procursus with long distal pointed apophysis ( Figs. 706, 708 ); cymbium without elongation ( Figs. 706, 708 ).................................................. thomensis group

10 Procursus with long and slender distal process ( Figs. 402-404 ); bulb with long pointed dorsal process on embolus ( Figs. 405, 406 )......................................................................................... S. lesserti

- Procursus with shorter distal process (e.g. Figs. 487 , 500 , 609 ); bulb without or with shorter dorsal process on embolus (e.g. Figs. 503 , 658 , 698 ).................................................................................. 11

11 Procursus distally strongly bent towards prolateral (e.g., Figs. 484 , 510 ); valve in internal female genitalia medially barely widened and not clearly divided ( Figs. 460–474 )................................................ hypocrita group

- Procursus distally not or only slightly bent towards prolateral (e.g., Figs. 651 , 657 , 675 ); valve in internal female genitalia medially strongly widened and divided ( Figs. 593–607 )......................................... peregrinus group

Figures

FIGURES 18–27. Smeringopus rubrotinctus group, habitus and male prosomata, oblique frontal views. 18. S. rubrotinctus, female, ventral view. 19. S. bwindi, male, dorsal view. 20–21. S. ruhiza, male and female, dorsal views. 22–23. S. mpanga, male and female, dorsal views. 24. S. rubrotinctus. 25. S. mgahinga. 26. S. ruhiza. 27. S. mpanga.

FIGURES 38–57. Smeringopus rubrotinctus group, epigyna, ventral views (47: lateral view) and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 38–41. S. rubrotinctus (38: syntype, 39: Karisimbi, 40–41: Rwegura). 42–45. S. bwindi (Buhoma). 46–49. S. mgahinga (46–47: Ruhiza, 48–49: Mgahinga). 50–53. S. ruhiza (50: Kitahurira, 51–53: Buhoma). 54–57. S. mpanga (Kanyanchu).

FIGURES 131–137. Smeringopus chogoria (131–136) and S. bujongolo (137). 131. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 132. Left procursus, dorsal view. 133–134. Left embolus, prolateral and dorsal views. 135. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 136–137. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (133–134), 0.5 mm (131–132, 135–137).

FIGURES 357–366. Smeringopus lydenberg (357–361) and S. mlilwane (362–366). 357, 362. Left cymbia and procursi, retrolateral views. 358, 363. Left procursi, dorsal views. 359–360, 364–365. Left bulbal processes, prolateral and dorsal views. 361, 366. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views (arrows point to internal pockets). Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 367–371. Smeringopus ndumo. 367. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 368. Left procursus, dorsal view. 369–370. Left bulbal processes, prolateral and dorsal views. 371. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 387–393. Smeringopus pallidus. 387. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 388–389. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 390–391. Left bulbal processes, prolateral and dorsal views. 392. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 393. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm (390–391), 0.3 mm (387–389, 392–393).

FIGURES 459–474. Smeringopus hypocrita group, epigyna, ventral views and cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. 459–460. S. hypocrita. 461–462. S. sederberg. 463–464. S. lotzi. 465–466. S. ubicki. 467–468. S. dehoop. 469–470. S. atomarius. 471–472. S. uisib. 473–474. S. tombua.

FIGURES 530–544. Smeringopus cylindrogaster group. S. luki (530–533, 538–541) and S. isangi (534–537, 542–544). 530–531, 534–535. Males, dorsal and ventral views. 532–533, 536–537. Left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views. 538. Male prosoma, frontal oblique view. 539. Male ocular area. 540–544. Female epigyna and cleared female genitalia, dorsal (541, 544) and ventral (543) views (arrows point to median and lateral pockets).

FIGURES 149–154. Smeringopus ngangao. 149. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 150. Left procursus, dorsal view. 151–152. Left embolus, prolatero-dorsal and retrolatero-dorsal views. 153. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 154. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view (Ngangao). Scale lines: 0.2 mm (151–152, 154), 0.3 mm (149–150, 153).

FIGURES 372–385. Smeringopus pallidus (372–373, 378–379, 382–383) and S. lesserti (374–377, 380–381, 384–385). 372–375. Males, dorsal and ventral views. 376–377. Female, dorsal and ventral views. 378–381. Left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points to retrolateral apophysis). 382–385. Epigyna, ventral views and cleared female genitalia, dorsal views.

FIGURES 336–342. Smeringopus hanglip. 336. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 337. Left procursus, dorsal view. 338–339. Left bulbal processes, prolateral and dorsal views. 340–341. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 342. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view (arrow points to internal pocket). Scale lines: 0.3 mm (336–339), 0.5 mm (340–342).

FIGURES 765–773. Smeringopus roeweri. 765. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 766–767. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 768–770. Left embolus, prolateral, prolatero-ventral, and prolatero-dorsal views. 771–772. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 773. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 774–781. Smeringopus lubondai. 774. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view (arrow points to variable structure; see text). 775–776. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 777–778. Left embolus, prolateral and dorsal views. 779–780. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 781. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (777–778), 0.5 mm (774–776, 779–781).

FIGURES 782–790. Smeringopus carli. 782. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 783–784. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 785–787. Left embolus, prolateral, prolatero-ventral, and retrolatero-ventral views. 788–789. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 790. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (782–787, 790), 0.5 mm (788–789).

FIGURES 699–708. Smeringopus thomensis group. S. thomensis (699–700, 705–706), S. principe (702–704, 707–708), and S. mayombe (701). 699, 701, 703. Males, dorsal views. 700, 702. Male prosomata, oblique frontal views. 704. Female, ventral view. 705–708. Left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views.

FIGURES 402–410. Smeringopus lesserti. 402–404. Left procursus, retrolateral, retrolatero-ventral, and ventral views. 405–407. Left embolus, prolateral, prolatero-dorsal, and prolatero-ventral views. 408–409. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 410. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm (402–404), 0.5 mm (405–410).

FIGURES 487–493. Smeringopus lotzi. 487. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 488. Left procursus, dorsal view. 489–490. Left emboli, prolateral and dorsal views. 491–492. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 493. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 494–504. Smeringopus ubicki (494–499) and S. dehoop (500–504). 494, 501. Left procursi, dorsal views. 495–496, 502–503. Left emboli, dorsal and prolateral views. 497–498. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 499, 504. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. 500. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 609–616. Smeringopus peregrinus. 609. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 610. Left procursus, prolateral view. 611–613. Left embolus, prolateral, dorsal, and ventral (slightly prolateral) views (arrow points to variable structure; see text). 614–615. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 616. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 655–662. Smeringopus kalomo. 655. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view (arrow points to variable structure; see text). 656–657. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 658–660. Left embolus, prolateral (slightly ventral), prolatero-dorsal, and dorsal views (arrows point to variable structures; see text). 661–662. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views (661: Kalomo; 662: Harare). Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 693–698. Smeringopus moxico. 693. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 694. Left procursus, dorsal view. 695–697. Left embolus, prolateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 698. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 476–486. Smeringopus hypocrita (476–482) and S. sederberg (483–486). 476, 483. Left cymbia and procursi, retrolateral views. 477, 484. Left procursi, dorsal views (arrows point to variable structures; see text). 478–479. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 480–481, 485–486. Left emboli, prolateral and dorsal views (arrow points to variable structure; see text). 482. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 505–513. Smeringopus atomarius (505–508) and S. uisib (509–513). 505, 510. Left procursi, dorsal views. 506–507, 511–512. Left emboli, prolateral and dorsal views. 508, 513. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. 509. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 647–654. Smeringopus butare (647–649) and S. katanga (650–654). 647, 650. Left cymbia and procursi, retrolateral views. 648, 651–652. Left procursi, prolateral (648, 652) and dorsal (651) views. 649, 653. Left emboli, prolateral views. 654. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 673–678. Smeringopus chibububo. 673. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 674–675. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 676–678. Left embolus, prolateral, dorsal, and prolatero-ventral views. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 592–607. Smeringopus peregrinus group, epigyna, ventral views and cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. 592–593. S. peregrinus. 594–595. S. peregrinoides. 596–597. S. butare. 598–599. S. katanga. 600–601. S. kalomo. 602–603. S. chibububo. 604–605. S. dundo. 606–607. S. similis.