Ormocarpopsis R. Vig.

Thulin, Mats, Phillipson, Peter B. & Lavin, Matt, 2013, Peltiera (Fabaceae), the coming and going of an “ extinct ” genus in Madagascar, Adansonia (3) 35 (1), pp. 61-71 : 66-68

Ormocarpopsis R. Vig.

Notulae Systematicae 14: 170 (1951). — Lectotype: O. aspera R. Vig. (designated here).

Peltiera Du Puy & Labat , Adansonia , sér. 3, 19: 88 (1997), syn. nov. — Type: P. nitida Du Puy & Labat. NOMENCLATURAL NOTE

Viguier described posthumously three species of Ormocarpopsis in 1951, O. aspera R. Vig. , O. calcicola R. Vig. , and O. perrieriana R. Vig. , but did not typify the name, and O. perrieriana was subsequently treated as a synonym of the variable O. aspera by Du Puy & Labat (2002). Ormocarpopsis aspera is much more widespread than O. calcicola , so we therefore designate O. aspera as the lectotype of Ormocarpopsis .

DESCRIPTION

Shrubs or small trees; tubercle-based hairs sometimes present on leaves, flowers and pods. Leaves mostly clustered on short shoots covered by closely spaced and overlapping stipules, pinnate, with alternate leaflets or sometimes 1-foliolate; stipules scarious, striate, persistent; petiole and rachis terete; leaflets drying dark brown or black along the midrib beneath or with a brown or black blotch on the surface. Flowers in bracteate racemes or solitary; pedicels with a pair of bracteoles usually in the upper half or near the apex, sometimes in the lower half. Calyx 5-toothed, not distinctly 2-lipped, the lower tooth about as long as or longer than the others, with a short hypanthium. Corolla yellow, sometimes with darker veins; standard erect to reflexed; wings with crescent-shaped folds between the veins near the base; keel without spurs. Stamens fused into 2 lateral groups of 5 situated on either side of the ovary; anthers dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary stipitate, glabrous to densely glandular-pubescent, 1-5-ovulate; style slender, curved, glabrous; stigma minute, capitate. Fruits stipitate, swollen, not or sometimes articulated, coriaceous to woody, with inconspicuous venation, indehiscent or with segments splitting into 2 valves, 1-3(-4)-seeded; endocarp pale, sometimes thickened. Seeds large, ellipsoid-spherical, with a small hilum.

TAXONOMIC NOTES

According to the phylogenetic analyses ( Figs 2, 3), Ormocarpopsis (including Peltiera ) is sister to Ormocarpum . Ormocarpum is widespread in the Old World, mainly in Africa, but there are also two species in Madagascar (Du Puy & Labat 2002). Ormocarpopsis differs apomorphically from Or-

Diphysa

Diphysa

ormocarpoides

spinosa — AF

—

189031

AF068168 Mesoamerica – seasonally dry woodlands

Pictetia

Pictetia

aculeata

obcordata

— AF068174

— AF068170

Greater Antilles – seasonally dry woodlands

Zygocarpum rectangulare — AF189046

Zygocarpum coeruleum — AF189037

Zygocarpum somalense — AF189048

Zygocarpum gillettii — AF189042 Horn of Africa region Zygocarpum gillettii — AF189043 seasonally dry woodlands Old World Zygocarpum dhofarense — AF189040

subclades

– bracteoles below mid-pedicel

Zygocarpum yemenense — AF189051

– dorsally compressed pods Ormocarpopsis (Peltiera) nitida — GU951673 Madagascar – seasonally dry to humid forests – dehiscent pod segments Ormocarpopsis aspera — AF068148

– abaxial midrib leaflet tannins Ormocarpopsis calcicola — AF068145

–

– inconspicuous

ellipsoid-spherical

pod

seeds

venation –

pods

non-articulated

Ormocarpopsis Ormocarpopsis itremoensis — mandrarensis AF 068149 — AF068147 seasonally Madagascar dry

Ormocarpopsis parvifolia — AF068143 woodlands Ormocarpopsis tulearensis — AF068146

mostly Africa Ormocarpum acuminatum (morphological data only)

savanna & Ormocarpum verrucosum — AF189050

seasonally dry Ormocarpum megalophyllum — AF068154

woodlands Ormocarpum klainei — AF189044

– nectary disk Ormocarpum drakei — AF189038

Ormocarpum drakei — AF189039

Ormocarpum sennoides — AF068153

Ormocarpum orientale — AF068159

Ormocarpum muricatum — AF068156

Ormocarpum keniense — AF068155

Ormocarpum trachycarpum — AF189049 Ormocarpum muricatum — AF068157 Ormocarpum schliebenii — AF189047

Ormocarpum flavum — AF189041

Ormocarpum pubescens — AF189045

Ormocarpum bernierianum — AF189035 Phylogeny of the Ormocarpum group with a focus Ormocarpum trichocarpum — AF068158 Ormocarpum bernierianum — AF189036 on the Old World subclades ( Thulin & Lavin 2001); Ormocarpum kirkii — AF068151

164 informative ITS and 19 morphological characters. Ormocarpum kirkii — AF068150

Tree length = 603 (920 most parsimonious trees) Ormocarpum kirkii — AF068152 Consistency index = 0.5788

Retention index = 0.7520

5 changes

collapsed in strict consensus

>90% bootstrap support

mocarpum by its leaflets with the midrib or part of the lower surface drying brown or black due to the accumulation of tannins, by its pods with inconspicuous venation on the valves (valves not prominently longitudinally striate), and by its ellipsoid-spherical (not lenticular) seeds. Ormocarpum , on the other hand, differs apomorphically from Ormocarpopsis and other close relatives by having a cylindrical nectary disk surrounding the base of the ovary ( Thulin & Lavin 2001).

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY

Ormocarpopsis is here treated as a genus of seven species, all endemic to Madagascar. They are found in most parts of Madagascar ( Fig. 1 ), at elevations from sea level to 1600 m (Du Puy & Labat 2002).

NEW COMBINATION

The inclusion of Peltiera in Ormocarpopsis and the placement of P. alaotrensis in synonymy under P. nitida (see further discussion below) make the following new combination necessary. For a comprehensive treatment of the other six species of Ormocarpopsis , see Du Puy & Labat (2002).

Figures

FIG. 1. ― Distributions of Ormocarpopsis R. Vig.and Ormocarpum P.Beauv.in Madagascar:p, Ormocarpopsis nitida (Du Puy & Labat) Thulin & Lavin, comb. nov. (Peltiera nitida Du Puy & Labat), with the three pre-1950 collections indicated by black arrows:A, Perrier de la Bâthie 15898 (type of O. nitida comb. nov.); B, Decary 7233 (paratype of O. nitida); C, Cours 1812 (type of Peltiera alaotrensis Du Puy & Labat); ¢, collections of other species of Ormocarpopsis; ˜, collections of Ormocarpum.