Culicoides, Latreille, 1809
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9D526F7B-1A9D-4172-A0E4-08E3DD04382D |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14618625 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC805B-EA7E-FFB0-C185-F973FA18FCB8 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Culicoides |
| status |
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Key to the adults Culicoides View in CoL from Mexico
(Primarily for females)
1. Wing with conspicuous pattern of pale spots ( Figs. 1–64, 67–88 View FIGURE 1–6 View FIGURE 7–15 View FIGURE 16–21 View FIGURE 22–29 View FIGURE 30–37 View FIGURE 38–45 View FIGURE 46–50 View FIGURE 51–55 View FIGURE 56–61 View FIGURE 62–67 View FIGURE 68–74 View FIGURE 75–82 View FIGURE 83–90 , 91–92 View FIGURE 91–92 ).......................................... 2
- Wing without conspicuous pattern of pale spots ( Figs. 65–66 View FIGURE 62–67 , 89–90 View FIGURE 83–90 )........................................... 91
2(1). Second radial cell completely or mostly included in a pale spot ( Figs. 4–6 View FIGURE 1–6 , 11–15 View FIGURE 7–15 , 46–55 View FIGURE 46–50 View FIGURE 51–55 )............................ 3
- Second radial cell completely included in a dark spot ( Figs. 1–3 View FIGURE 1–6 , 7, 9–10 View FIGURE 7–15 , 16–45 View FIGURE 16–21 View FIGURE 22–29 View FIGURE 30–37 View FIGURE 38–45 , 56–92 View FIGURE 56–61 View FIGURE 62–67 View FIGURE 68–74 View FIGURE 75–82 View FIGURE 83–90 View FIGURE 91–92 ) (except in pusilloides , the distal middle half of the second radial cell is included in a pale spot, as in Fig. 8 View FIGURE 7–15 )............................................. 21
3(2) Pale spot of second radial cell is very extensive in vein M 1, usually continued to cell m 1; apices of veins M 1 and M 2 usually included in a dark area ( Figs. 4–6 View FIGURE 1–6 ; 11–15 View FIGURE 7–15 ).................................................................. 4
- Pale spot of second radial cell is not extensive in vein M 1 (in Mexican species); apices of veins M 1 and M 2 usually included in a pale area ( Figs. 46–55 View FIGURE 46–50 View FIGURE 51–55 )..........................(subgenus Hoffmania )................................... 11
4(3) Base of vein CuA 1 and CuA 2 in a pale area; wing markings in dark crooked bands becoming more or less interrupted by the more extensive pale markings (in pseudodecor wide pale areas); cell M 1 with a wide, rounded distal pale spot broadly meeting anterior wing margin ( Figs. 4–6 View FIGURE 1–6 )..........................(Subgenus Anilomyia ).............................. 5
- Base of vein CuA 1 and CuA 2 in a dark area; wing usually not marked in dark straight bands; cell M 1 without a wide, rounded distal pale spot broadly meeting anterior wing margin...........(Subgenus Culicoides ) ( Figs. 11–15 View FIGURE 7–15 ; 106–108 View FIGURE 106–108 )........ 7
5(4) Antennal flagellum coeloconic sensillar pattern 1–13; wing markings in dark crooked bands ( Figs. 4–5 View FIGURE 1–6 )................ 6
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, (6), (8), 9–13; wing with pattern interrupted with wide pale areas ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 1–6 )..................................................................................... pseudodecor Spinelli & Huerta
6(5). Palpal ratio 1.7–2.1; hind femur with basal and subapical pale bands; dark spot on the radial cells continuous to the base of vein M 1 ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 1–6 ).................................................................... nigrigenus Wirth & Blanton
- Palpal ratio 2.4–2.5; hind femur with subapical pale band; dark spot on the radial cells discontinuos to the base of vein M 1 ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 1–6 )......................................................................................... hayesi Matta
7(4). Cell cua 1 with small dark spot in middle portion ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 7–15 )....................................... neopulicaris Wirth
- Cell cua 1 without small dark spot in the middle section ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 7–15 )................................................ 8
8(7). Cell r 3 with distal pale spot broadly meeting wing margin ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 7–15 ); male genitalia as in Fig. 108 View FIGURE 106–108 ............ elutus Macfie
- Cell r 3 with distal pale spot not meeting wing margin ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 7–15 ).................................................. 9
9(8). Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1–13; vein CuA 1 included in a pale spot in the middle of the vein ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 7–15 )........................................................................................ fortinensis Spinelli & Huerta
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 9–13; vein CuA 1 not included in a pale spot in the middle of the vein ( Fig. 13, 15 View FIGURE 7–15 )... .................................................................................................. 10
10(9). Third palpal segment elongated, palpal ratio 3.3–3.7; cell anal with basal pale spot broadly meeting wing margin ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 7–15 ).................................................................................... rulfoi Spinelli & Huerta
- Third palpal segment short, palpal ratio 2.3–2.6; cell anal with basal pale spot not broadly meeting wing margin ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 7–15 )................................................................................ luteovenus Root & Hoffman
11(3) Cell r 3 with a separate pale spot present anterior to base of vein M 1, base of cell cua 1 dark where it borders veins CuA 1 and CuA 2 (subgenus Hoffmania, Hylas group) ( Figs. 50 View FIGURE 46–50 , 53, 55 View FIGURE 51–55 , 109–114 View FIGURE 109–114 )............................................... 12
- Cell r 3 without a separate pale spot present anterior to base of vein M 1, pale area continuous from r-m crossvein to borders of vein M 1, base of cell cua 1 pale where it borders veins CuA 1 and CuA 2 (subgenus Hoffmania, Guttatus group) ( Figs. 46–49 View FIGURE 46–50 ; 51–52, 54 View FIGURE 51–55 ).......................................................................................... 14
12(11). Hind femur with subapical pale band; distal pale spot of anal cell without reaching the wing margin ( Fig. 55 View FIGURE 51–55 ).................................................................................................. verecundus Macfie
- Hind femur without subapical pale band, dark to apex; distal pale spot of anal cell broadly meeting wing margin......... 13
13(12). Third palpal segment with irregular sensory pit ( Fig. 109 View FIGURE 109–114 ); mid femur with subapical pale band ( Fig. 112 View FIGURE 109–114 ), mid knee dark; female wing length 1.0‒1.2 mm; veins CuA 1 and CuA 2 with distal pale spot ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 46–50 ); male genitalia as in Fig. 114 View FIGURE 109–114 ................................................................................................... hylas Macfie
- Third palpal segment without irregular sensory pit, scattered sensilla on surface ( Fig. 110 View FIGURE 109–114 ); mid femur with apical pale band, mid knees pale; female wing length 1.3‒1.5 mm; veins CuA 1 and CuA 2 with distal dark spot ( Fig. 53 View FIGURE 51–55 )....... palpalis Macfie
14(11) Crossvein r–m mainly pale or slightly pale brown (some specimens faintly darkened) ( Figs. 46 View FIGURE 46–50 , 52 View FIGURE 51–55 )................... 15
- Crossvein r–m dark solid spot on anterior half ( Figs. 48, 49 View FIGURE 46–50 , 51, 54 View FIGURE 51–55 )............................................ 17
15(14) Halter knob pale; distal pale spot of anal cell usually very close to the wing margin ( Fig. 46 View FIGURE 46–50 ); aedeagus with low basal arch (0.15≤).............................................................................. diabolicus Hoffman
- Halter knob dark; distal pale spot of anal cell broadly meeting wing margin ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 46–50 , 52 View FIGURE 51–55 ); aedeagus with higher basal arch (0.17≥)............................................................................................ 16
16(15) Cell r 3 with contrasting pattern darker between postsigmatic pale spot and pale distal spot ( Fig. 52 View FIGURE 51–55 ); tergite 9 with apicolateral processes closed together................................................................. ocumarensis Ortiz
- Cell r 3 usually without contrasting pattern darker between postsigmatic pale spot and pale distal spot ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 46–50 ); tergite 9 with apicolateral processes widely spaced....................................................... filariferus Hoffman
17(14) Cell m 1 with one distal pale spot ( Fig. 51 View FIGURE 51–55 ); vein R 3 dark up to the point where it turns abruptly forward to meet the costa............................................................................................. insignis Lutz
- Cell m 1 with two distal pale spots ( Fig. 48 View FIGURE 46–50 ) (distal spot faint in some specimens); vein R 3 pale o slightly pale brown not up to the point where it turns abruptly forward to meet the costa.................................................... 18
18(17) Vein R 3 with small blackish spot posterior to apex ( Fig. 48 View FIGURE 46–50 )............................................. foxi Ortiz
- Vein R 3 without small blackish spot posterior to apex........................................................ 19
19(18) Eyes broadly contiguous by a distance equal to diameter of 4‒5 ommatidial facets; third palpal segment usually shorter than combined length of segments 4 and 5; second radial cell wide ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 46–50 )............................. franklini Spinelli
- Eyes contiguous by a distance equal to diameter of 2‒3 ommatidial facets; third palpal segment similar to combined length of segments 4 and 5; second radial cell narrow ( Fig. 46 View FIGURE 46–50 , 54 View FIGURE 51–55 )..................................................... 20
20(19) Crossvein r-m dark solid spot on anterior half; cell anal with distal pale spots widely confluent ( Fig. 54 View FIGURE 51–55 ); male aedeagus without terminal papilla...................................................................... pseudodiabolicus Fox
- Crossvein r-m pale (faintly darkened in some specimens); cell anal with distal pale spots not widely confluent ( Fig. 46 View FIGURE 46–50 ); male aedeagus with terminal papilla..................................................... diabolicus Hoffman (in part)
21(2) Small species, female wing length 0.90 ≤mm; second radial cell slightly shorter than first radial cell ( Fig. 7‒9 View FIGURE 7–15 ); tergite 9 with apicolateral processes flattened flanges (subgenus Avaritia )................................................... 22
- Large species, female wing length 1.00>mm; second radial cell usually longer than first radial cell or of similar length ( Fig. View FIGURE 7–15 10); tergite 9 usually with apicolateral processes finger‒shaped................................................ 24
22(21). Second radial cell in distal pale spot ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 7–15 ).......................................... pusilloides Wirth & Blanton
- Second radial cell in distal dark spot ( Figs. 7, 9 View FIGURE 7–15 )............................................................ 23
23(22). Antennal coeloconic sensilla pattern 1, 11‒13; palpal ratio 2.6; wing with blackish stigmal spot covering apex of second radial cell including vein R 3 ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 7–15 )................................................................. pusillus Lutz
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 10‒13; palpal ratio 1.7; wing with blackish stigmal spot not extending to tip of second radial cell ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7–15 ).................................................................... boydi Wirth & Mullens
24(21). Hind tibial comb with four spines; wing without contrasting pattern of dark and pale spots ( Fig. 88 View FIGURE 83–90 ); macrotrichia absent or scarce only on distal wing margin; second cell r 2 longer than first radial cell (Stigmalis group)............. stigmalis Wirth
- Hind tibial comb usually with four, five or six spines; wing with contrasting pattern of dark and pale spots (i.e. Figs. 16‒21 View FIGURE 16–21 ); macrotrichia of wing abundant; second cell r 2 similar in length to first radial cell.................................. 25
25(24). Fore femur with middle pale area ( Fig. 116 View FIGURE 115–118 ); one spermatheca C or U shaped ( Fig. 117 View FIGURE 115–118 ) (subgenus Monoculicoides , Culicoides variipennis complex, Figs. 115–118 View FIGURE 115–118 )..................................................................... 26
-. Fore femur without middle pale area; one to three spermathecae of different shapes (oval, rounded, elongated or different to anterior)........................................................................................... 30
26(25). Female............................................................................................ 27 Male .............................................................................................. 28
27(26). Third palpal segment swollen to great swollen ( Fig. 115 View FIGURE 115–118 ), 1.8–3.0 times longer that broad; sensory pit rounded or irregular shaped, medium to large sized; wing membrane lightly infused with light or dark gray maculations ( Fig. 59–60 View FIGURE 56–61 ).................................................................. occidentalis Wirth & Jones or sonorensis Wirth & Jones
-. Third palpal segment slender to slightly swollen, 2.5–3.8 times longer that broad; sensory pit rounded, slightly enlarged; wing membrane heavily infused with black or dark gray maculations ( Fig. 61 View FIGURE 56–61 )....................... variipennis (Coquillett)
28(26). Ventral membrane of aedeagus with numerous spicules................................... sonorensis Wirth & Jones Ventral membrane of aedeagus without numerous spicules or with a few at the tip of aedeagus....................... 29
29(28). Ventral membrane of aedeagus with few spicules at the tip of aedeagus......................... variipennis (Coquillett) Ventral membrane of aedeagus without spicules........................................ occidentalis Wirth & Jones
30(25). Wing without pale spot straddling vein M 2 ( Figs. 41–45 View FIGURE 38–45 ; 58 View FIGURE 56–61 , 67 View FIGURE 62–67 , 72–80 View FIGURE 68–74 View FIGURE 75–82 , 83–87 View FIGURE 83–90 , 91 View FIGURE 91–92 ); veins M 1 and M 2 usually dark to apex... .................................................................................................. 31
- Wing with a pale spot straddling the middle of vein M 2 (i.e. Figs. 1–3 View FIGURE 1–6 ; 16–40 View FIGURE 16–21 View FIGURE 22–29 View FIGURE 30–37 View FIGURE 38–45 ) in some species included in widely pale area ( Figs. 29 View FIGURE 22–29 , 62–64 View FIGURE 62–67 ) or lying just in front of this vein, as in Figure 32 View FIGURE 30–37 (if so, it is the case, the female palpus with a greatly swollen third segment and bearing a deep sensory pit); veins M 1 and M 2 usually pale to apex............................... 52
31(30). Third palpal segment without sensory pit, sensillae scattered on surface of segment; r-m crossvein with dark spot ( Fig. 67 View FIGURE 62–67 )..........................(Acotylus group)..................................................... acotylus Lutz
- Third palpal segment with sensory pit ( Fig. 93 View FIGURE 93–98 ); r-m crossvein pale or brown..................................... 32
32(31). Second radial cell with small posterior black round spot posteriorly ( Figs. 58 View FIGURE 56–61 , 87 View FIGURE 83–90 )................................. 33
- Second radial cell without small posterior black round spot posteriorly (i.e. Figs. 41–45 View FIGURE 38–45 )............................ 34
33(32). Cell m
1 with three pale spots ( Fig. 87 View FIGURE 83–90 ); apex of cell r
3 with a small rounded pale spot (Reticulatus group)........ lanei Ortiz
- Cell m 1 with two pale spots ( Fig. 58 View FIGURE 56–61 ); apex of cell r 3 with a large hourglass-shaped pale spot (subgenus Mataemyia )...................................................................................... dicrourus Wirth & Blanton
34(32). Cell r 3 with long ovoid distal pale spot ( Fig. 91 View FIGURE 91–92 ); wing length 1.60> mm (unplaced to species group)............................................................................................... albomaculus Root & Hoffman
- Cell r 3 without long ovoid distal pale spot (irregular, subcuadrate or rounded) (i.e. Figs. 83–86 View FIGURE 83–90 ); wing length 1.45<mm... 35
35(34). Fore femur without subapical or apical pale band; macrotrichia long and moderately numerous, extending proximad nearly to base of anal cell (i. e. Fig. 85, 86 View FIGURE 83–90 ) (Mohave group).......................................................... 36
- Fore femur with subapical or apical pale band; macrotrichia usually less abundant and generally towards the distal middle part of the wing......................................................................................... 39
36(35). Cell m 1 with distal pale spot separated from wing margin ( Fig. 86 View FIGURE 83–90 ); postsigmatic pale spot narrow................................................................................................... woodruffi Spinelli & Huerta
- Cell m
1 with distal pale spot close to wing margin ( Figs. 83–85 View FIGURE 83–90 ); postsigmatic pale spot broad....................... 37
37(36). Eyes broadly separated; palpal ratio 2.5; third segment slightly swollen with a round sensory pit; cell m 1 with basal pale spot small, not extensive ( Fig. 84 View FIGURE 83–90 ).......................................................... hoguei Wirth & Moraes
- Eyes narrowly separated; palpal ratio 2.0–2.1; third segment swollen with a broad sensory pit; cell m 1 with basal pale spot long, extensive ( Fig. 83, 85 View FIGURE 83–90 )................................................................................ 38
38(37). Proboscis short, P/H ratio 0.67; cell r 3 with distal spot usually not broadly meeting anterior wing margin ( Fig. 85 View FIGURE 83–90 ).................................................................................................. mohave Wirth
- Proboscis long, P/H ratio 0.81; cell r 3 with distal spot broadly meeting anterior wing margin ( Fig. 83 View FIGURE 83–90 )................................................................................................... bajensis Wirth & Moraes
39(35). Anal cell with two distal pale spots (sometimes fused or very closed) ( Figs. 70–74 View FIGURE 68–74 )................................ 40
- Anal cell with one distal pale spot (sometimes with extensive base, as in Figs. 44 View FIGURE 38–45 , 79 View FIGURE 75–82 ) ( Figs. 41–45 View FIGURE 38–45 , 77–80 View FIGURE 75–82 )............. 44
40(39). Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 5‒8 or 1, 6‒9 (Fluvialis group)......................................... 41
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 6‒12 (Eublepharus group)............................................. 42
41(40). Cell r 3 with four pale spots, the distal pale spot broadly meeting wing margin and bearing a narrow proximal extension ( Fig. 76 View FIGURE 75–82 )...................................................................................... leopoldoi Ortiz
- Cell r
3 with three pale spots, the distal pale spot not meeting wing margin ( Fig. 75 View FIGURE 75–82 )........................ castillae Fox
42(40). Cell r
3 with small, rounded pale spots separated and situated below the second radial cell ( Figs. 72‒73 View FIGURE 68–74 )............... 43
- Cell r 3 without small, rounded pale spots separated and situated below the second radial cell...................................... ( Fig. 74 View FIGURE 68–74 )................................................................. rangeli Ortiz & Mirsa
43(42). Apex of M 1 with a pale spot at wing margin; cell M 1 with three pale spots, the distal one sometimes faint ( Fig. 73 View FIGURE 68–74 )........................................................................................... propriipennis Macfie
- Apex of M 1 without a pale spot at wing margin; cell M 1 with two pale spots ( Fig. 72 View FIGURE 68–74 )................ eublepharus Macfie
44(39). Cell r 3 with postsigmatic pale spot not subrentangular, usually confluents, not extending into M 1 vein ( Figs. 41‒45 View FIGURE 38–45 ) (subgenus Haematomyidium )................................................................................... 45
- Cell r 3 with postsigmatic pale spot subrectangular (in Mexican species), extending into M 1 vein ( Figs. 77‒80 View FIGURE 75–82 ) (Leoni group). .................................................................................................. 49
45(44). Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 4‒8; hind tibial comb with five spines; cell r 3 with distal pale spot broadly meeting wing margin ( Fig. 44 View FIGURE 38–45 )............................................................. kettlei Breidenbaugh & Mullens
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 5‒8 or 6‒8; hind tibial comb with four spines; cell r 3 without distal pale spot broadly meeting wing margin ( Figs. 41‒43, 45 View FIGURE 38–45 )................................................................... 46
46(45). Cell m 1 with three pale spots ( Fig. 45 View FIGURE 38–45 ); cell r 3 with fourth pale spot................................ paraensis (Goeldi)
- Cell m
1 with two pale spots ( Figs. 41‒43 View FIGURE 38–45 ); cell r
3 with three pale spot........................................... 47
47(46). Hind femur with basal and subapical pale bands; cell r 3 with three small rounded equidistant pale spots ( Fig. 43 View FIGURE 38–45 )..................................................................................................... ginesi Ortiz
- Hind femur without basal and subapical pale bands; cell r
3 without three small rounded equidistant pale spots........... 48
48(47). Pale spot lying immediately in front of mediocubital fork ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 38–45 )............................. eadsi Wirth & Blanton
- Dark spot lying immediately in front of mediocubital fork ( Fig. 41 View FIGURE 38–45 )................................ debilipalpis Lutz
49(44). Cell m
1 with one pale spot ( Fig. 79 View FIGURE 75–82 )............................................................. leoni Barbosa
- Cell m 1 with two pale spots ( Figs. 77‒78, 80 View FIGURE 75–82 ).............................................................. 50
50(49). Flagellomeres 9‒10 distinctly shorter than 8 or 11; pale spot widely extended along the cell anal ( Fig. 80 View FIGURE 75–82 )..... reevesi Wirth
- Flagellomeres 9‒10 similar in size to 8 or 11; pale spot not extended along the cell anal ( Fig. 77, 78 View FIGURE 75–82 ).................. 51
51(50). Palpus pale yellow; hind tibia with apical, broad pale band; base of anal cell with broad pale spot ( Fig. 77 View FIGURE 75–82 ); two spermathecae....................................................................................... gabaldoni Ortiz
- Palpus brown; hind tibia with apical, narrow pale band; base of anal cell with narrow, faint pale spot ( Fig. 78 View FIGURE 75–82 ); one spermatheca..................................................................... glabellus Wirth & Blanton
52(30). Head with cibarial armature (subgenus Diphaomyia )........................................................ 53
- Head without cibarial armature......................................................................... 58
53(52). Apex of vein CuA 2 dark............................................................................... 54
- Apex of vein CuA 2 pale............................................................................... 55
54(53). Cell r
3 and m
1 with distal pale spots ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 16–21 )............................................. haematopotus Malloch
- Cell r 3 and m 1 without distal pale spots ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 16–21 ).................................................. tzotzil sp. nov.
55(53). Cell r 3 with pale spot adjacent to the base of m 1 ( Figs. 17, 20 View FIGURE 16–21 )................................................. 56
- Cell r
3 without pale spot adjacent to the base of m
1
( Figs. 16, 18 View FIGURE 16–21 )............................................... 57
56(55). Third palpal segment with a broad sensory pit; vein CuA 2 almost entirely included in a pale area ( Fig. 20 View FIGURE 16–21 )....... iriartei Fox
- Third palpal segment with a narrow sensory pit; only the distal 1/2 of vein CuA 2 included in a pale area ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 16–21 ).......................................................................................... blantoni Vargas & Wirth
57(55). Vein M 1 with small pale spot in medial portion in line with the poststigmatic pale spot ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16–21 )........... baueri Hoffman
- Vein M 1 without small pale spot in medial portion ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 16–21 ).................................. evansi Wirth & Blanton
58(52). Cell r
3
with a small black spot posterior to second radial cell ( Fig. 92 View FIGURE 91–92 ); three spermathecae......... arubae Fox & Hoffman
- Cell r 3 without a small black spot posterior to second radial cell; one or two spermathecae........................... 59
59(58). Third segment palpal without sensory pit; 4 th tarsal segment cordiform; tibial comb with 6‒7 spines (subgenus Macfiella )... .................................................................................................. 60
- Third palpal segment with sensory pit; 4 th tarsal segment cylindrical; tibial comb with 4‒5 spines..................... 61
60(59). Mesonotum with pattern of scattered brown dots; cell r 3 with distal pale spot broadly meeting wing margin ( Fig. 57 View FIGURE 56–61 )...................................................................................... willistoni Wirth & Blanton
- Mesonotum without pattern of scattered brown dots; cell r 3 with distal pale spot not broadly meeting wing margin ( Fig. 56 View FIGURE 56–61 ).................................................................................. phlebotomus (Williston)
61(59). Crossvein r-m entirely dark (included in round, wide pale spot) ( Figs. 38‒40 View FIGURE 38–45 ) (subgenus Glaphiromyia )............... 62
- Crossvein r-m pale or brown (i.e. Figs. 22‒37 View FIGURE 22–29 View FIGURE 30–37 )............................................................. 64
62(61). Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 2, 4, 6, 8‒13; cell m 1 and m 2 with small, well separated distal pale spots ( Fig. 39 View FIGURE 38–45 )................................................................................ parascopus Wirth & Blanton
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 6, 8‒13 or 1‒3, 5‒13; cell m 1 and m 2 with large, very close distal pale spots ( Figs. 38, 40 View FIGURE 38–45 )................................................................................................ 63
63(62). Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1‒3, 5‒13; third palpal segment swollen; cell r 3 and m 1 with distal pale spots confluent ( Fig. 38 View FIGURE 38–45 )......................................................................... dampfi Root & Hoffman
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 6, 8‒13; third palpal segment not swollen; cell r 3 and m 1 with distal pale spots separated ( Fig. 40 View FIGURE 38–45 )......................................................................... scopus Root & Hoffman
64(61). Hind tibial comb with five spines; wing membrane with very abundant, long macrotrichia, extending from the base toward the apex ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 1–6 ) (subgenus Amossovia )...................................................................... 65
- Hind tibial comb with four spines; wing membrane with less abundant with disperse macrotrichia (if with very abundant microtrichia, then third segment palpal greatly swollen)...................................................... 67
65(64). Pale spot of crossvein r-m extending to costal margin; apex of vein CuA 1 pale at wing margin ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 1–6 )...................................................................................................... oklahomensis Khalaf
- Pale spot of crossvein r-m not extending to costal margin; apex of vein CuA
1 faint pale at wing margin ( Figs. 1, 3 View FIGURE 1–6 )....... 66
66(65). Eyes broadly separated; antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1‒13; base of anal cell with faint pale spot ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 1–6 )................................................................................................. ousairani Khalaf
- Eyes narrowly separated; antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1‒7, 9‒13; base of anal cell with extensive pale spot ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1–6 )............................................................................... cochisensis Wirth & Blanton
67(64). Mesonotum with distinctive pattern of punctiform brown dots (subgenus Oecacta )................................ 68
- Mesonotum without distinctive pattern of punctiform brown dots.............................................. 70
68(67). Third palpal segment with small, shallow sensory pit; cell r 3 with small, rounded, separated poststigmatic pale spots ( Fig. 64 View FIGURE 62–67 )......................................................................................... furens (Poey)
- Third palpal segment with deep sensory pit; cell r 3 without small, rounded, separated poststigmatic pale spots ( Figs. 62‒63 View FIGURE 62–67 ).. .................................................................................................. 69
69(68). Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 5‒8; halter dark; cell M 1 with distal pale spot extending to wing margin ( Fig. 62 View FIGURE 62–67 ); spermathecae with short ducts....................................................... barbosai Wirth & Blanton
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 4‒8; halter pale; cell M 1 with distal pale spot not extending to wing margin ( Fig. 63 View FIGURE 62–67 ); spermathecae with long ducts........................................................... cancer Hogue & Wirth
70(67). Femur of hind leg mostly pale, with an apical narrow dark ring, tibia darker; cell m 2 with basal spot extended and over vein CuA 1 ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 7–15 ); one spermatheca..........................(subgenus Beltranmyia );........... crepuscularis Malloch
- Hind leg with different arrangement; cell m 2 without basal spot extended and over vein CuA 1 (except in loughnani with extensive pale areas as Fig. 29 View FIGURE 22–29 ); two or three spermathecae (females of C. propinquus and C. neghmei are unknown, see comments to these species)............................................................................ 71
71(70). Third palpal segment moderately swollen, similar in length to second segment; base of paramere extends vertically towards the basal part of the genitalia.............................................................................. 72
- Third palpal segment greatly swollen, longer than second segment; base of paramere inclined, L-shaped in some species (subgenus Drymosdesmyia )............................................................................ 77
72(71). Cell r 3 with distal pale spot broadly meeting anterior wing margin ( Figs. 81‒82 View FIGURE 75–82 ); paramere armed with a stout, long spine ( Fig. 103 View FIGURE 99–103 ) (Limai group)................................................................................... 73
- Cell r 3 without distal pale spot broadly meeting anterior wing margin ( Figs. 68‒71 View FIGURE 68–74 ); paramere unarmed (Daedalus group).... .................................................................................................. 74
73(72). Hind femur with subapical pale band; wing as in Fig. 81 View FIGURE 75–82 ..................................... luglani Jones & Wirth
- Hind femur without subapical pale band; wing as in Fig. 82 View FIGURE 75–82 ........................................ neghmei Vargas
74(72). Cell m
1 with distal pale spot far from wing margin ( Figs. 68‒69 View FIGURE 68–74 )............................................... 75
- Cell m 1 with distal pale spot very close to or extending to wing margin ( Figs. 70‒71 View FIGURE 68–74 )............................... 76
75(74). Hind femur with subapical pale faint band; cell r 3 with distal pale spot subquadrate ( Fig. 69 View FIGURE 68–74 );............. daedalus Macfie
- Hind femur darker, without subapical pale faint band; cell r 3 with distal pale spot crescent‒shaped ( Fig. 68 View FIGURE 68–74 )............................................................................................. crescentis Wirth & Blanton
76(74). Anal cell with two well separated distal pale spots ( Fig. 71 View FIGURE 68–74 ); r-m crossvein with pale spot not extending to costal margin........................................................................................... ostotlae sp. nov.
- Anal cell with two very narrowly separated distal pale spots ( Fig. 70 View FIGURE 68–74 ); r-m crossvein with pale spot broadly extending to costal margin............................................................................... pampoikilus Macfie
77(71). Apices of veins M
1 and M
2 included in a pale spot ( Fig. 28 View FIGURE 22–29 )................................................... 78
- Apices of veins M 1 and M 2 included in a dark spot ( Fig. 26 View FIGURE 22–29 )................................................... 85
78(77). Spermathecae sac-like, elongate without sclerotized neck.................................................... 79
- Spermathecae oval or pyriform, not elongate with sclerotized neck............................................. 80
79(78). Wing with extensive pale areas ( Fig. 29 View FIGURE 22–29 ).................................................... loughnani Edwards
- Wing without extensive pale areas ( Fig. 24 View FIGURE 22–29 ).............................................. butleri Wirth & Hubert
80(78). Anal cell with one distal pale spot not extending to wing margin ( Figs. 25 View FIGURE 22–29 , 36 View FIGURE 30–37 ).................................... 81
- Anal cell with two distal pale spots extending to near to wing margin........................................... 82
81(80). Cell M 2 with distal pale spot far from the wing margin; vein CuA 1 usually with pale spot at apex ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 30–37 )................................................................................................ torridus Wirth & Hubert
- Cell M 2 with distal pale spot broadly meeting wing margin; vein CuA 1 with dark spot at apex ( Fig. 25 View FIGURE 22–29 ).................................................................................................. cacticola Wirth & Hubert
82(80). Spermathecae with short sclerotized necks................................................................ 83
- Spermathecae without sclerotized necks.................................................................. 84
83(82). Cell r 3 with one distal pale spot ( Fig. 32 View FIGURE 30–37 ).................................................... poikilonotus Macfie
- Cell r
3 with two distal pale spots ( Fig. 23 View FIGURE 22–29 )........................................................ bakeri Vargas
84(82). Apical edge of wing margin included in a pale narrow spot ( Fig. 35 View FIGURE 30–37 )............................ sitiens Wirth & Hubert
- Apical edge of wing margin included in a dark spot ( Fig. 28 View FIGURE 22–29 )................................... jamaicensis Edwards
85(77). Cell r
3 with distal pale spot small, rounded ( Fig. 30 View FIGURE 30–37 ); spermathecae with a long retort-shaped neck..... panamensis Barbosa
- Cell r 3 with distal pale spot in different shaped; spermathecae with different neck (female of C. propinquus is unknown)... 86
86(85) Anterior area of wing darkly pigmented; distal pale spot of cell M 1 extending to wing margin ( Fig. 31 View FIGURE 30–37 )................................................................................................... pilosus Wirth & Blanton
- Anterior area of wing not darkly pigmented; distal pale spot of cell M
1 not extending to wing margin.................. 87
87(86) Cell r 3 with distal pale elongated spot ( Fig. 34 View FIGURE 30–37 ); spermathecae subspherical, subequal sized;...... ryckmani Wirth & Hubert
- Cell r 3 with distal pale spot not elongated ( Fig. 27 View FIGURE 22–29 ); spermathecae pyriform, more or less unequal sized (female of C. propinquus is unknown);........................................................................................ 88
88(87) Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 9–13; cell m 2 with distal pale spot not extending to wing margin ( Fig. 26 View FIGURE 22–29 )........................................................................................ copiosus Root & Hoffman
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1‒7, 9‒13 or 1‒3, (4, 5), 9‒13 (or with different pattern); cell m 2 with distal pale spot extending to or near wing margin........................................................................ 89
89(88) Anal cell with two confluent distal pale spots ( Fig. 33 View FIGURE 30–37 )......................................... propinquus Macfie
- Anal cell with one distal pale spot ( Figs. 22, 27 View FIGURE 22–29 )............................................................ 90
90(89) Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1‒3, (4, 5), 9‒13; poststigmatic pale spot usually connected with the pale spot straddling vein M 1 at basal third forming a continuous pale area ( Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22–29 ); spermathecae pyriform, very unequal................................................................................................. arizonensis Wirth & Hubert
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1‒7, 9‒13; poststigmatic pale spot not connected with the pale spot straddling vein M 1 at basal third ( Fig. 27 View FIGURE 22–29 ); spermathecae oval to slightly pyriform, slightly unequal................... insolatus Wirth & Hubert
91(1) Three spermathecae digitiform, unsclerotized (subgenus Selfia )................................................ 92
- Two spermathecae ovoid, sclerotized (Stonei group)......................................................... 93
92(91) Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 5‒8; femorotibial joints pale; hind tibial comb with a spine nearest the spur and stouter and longer than the other three; wing as Figure 66 View FIGURE 62–67 ........................................ multipunctatus Malloch
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 3(4)–8; femorotibial joints dark; hind tibial comb with a spine nearest the spur that is similar than other three; wing as Figure 65 View FIGURE 62–67 ............................................... hieroglyphicus Malloch
93(91) Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 8‒12; third palpal segment without sensory pit, sensillae scattered on surface of segment; legs pale yellowish; wing as in Figure 89 View FIGURE 83–90 ............................................ melleus (Coquillett)
- Antennal coeloconic sensillar pattern 1, 7‒12; third palpal segment with sensory pit; legs brownish; wing as in Figure 90 View FIGURE 83–90 .................................................................................... werneri Wirth & Blanton
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Ceratopogoninae |
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Culicoidini |