Apenesia, Westwood, 1874

Alencar, Isabel D. C. C. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2020, Revision of the world Apenesia Westwood (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), Zootaxa 4724 (1), pp. 1-72 : 7-8

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4724.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8D8CD63D-858F-44B1-9EA1-7CBB7F30D72D
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87AE-993F-446E-07D2-FBDC7E8EF8F3
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Apenesia
status

Treatment

Key to Apenesia species (♂)

( Apenesia miki not included)

1. Metapostnotal area mainly polished behind spiracle ( Fig. 7C, G, H View FIGURE 7 ); metapostnotal median carina absent................ 2

- Metapostnotal area mainly rugulose or foveolate ( Fig. 7A, B View FIGURE 7 , D–F); metapostnotal median carina usually present ( Fig. 7A, F View FIGURE 7 ) .................................................................................................. 11

2. Notaulus present ( Fig. 7A, B, I View FIGURE 7 ).......................................................................... 3

- Notaulus absent ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 )............................................................................... 7

3. Metapectal-propodeal complex long, posterior margin outcurved ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ); mesoscutellum elongate; mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus arched ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ).................................................... Apenesia laevigata ( Evans, 1958)

- Metapectal-propodeal complex short, posterior margin almost straight ( Fig. 8H View FIGURE 8 ); mesoscutellum not elongate; mesoscutummesoscutellar sulcus weakly arched or straight ( Figs 8H View FIGURE 8 , 9I View FIGURE 9 )................................................... 4

4. Notaulus absent posteriorly ( Fig. 8H View FIGURE 8 )................................................... Apenesia goela sp. nov.

- Notaulus complete ( Fig. 9I View FIGURE 9 )............................................................................. 5

5. Mandible with four teeth ( Fig. 6Q View FIGURE 6 ); notaulus strongly convergent posteriorly; mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus short and shallow ( Fig. 9I View FIGURE 9 ); hypopygeal posterior margin straight ( Fig. 14L View FIGURE 14 )............... Apenesia singularis Lanes & Azevedo, 2004

- Mandible with one tooth ( Fig. 5K View FIGURE 5 ); notaulus convergent posteriorly; mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus long and deep ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ); hypopygeal posterior margin strongly concave ( Fig. 14.F View FIGURE 14 )................................................. 6

6. Eye not bulging ( Fig. 2H View FIGURE 2 ); dorsal pronotal area long ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ); mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus weakly arched ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 )................................................................................ Apenesia chandela sp. nov.

- Eye bulging ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ); dorsal pronotal area very short ( Fig. 9.C View FIGURE 9 ); mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus straight ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 )..................................................................................... Apenesia kelsiela sp. nov.

7. Dorsal pronotal area very short; mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus short and straight; axilla oval; metapectal-propodeal complex long ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ).............................................................. Apenesia colombela sp. nov.

- Dorsal pronotal area long; mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus long and weakly arched; axilla trapezoidal; metapectal-propodeal complex short ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 )................................................................................ 8

8. Head wider than long ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ); metapostnotal area almost completely polished except narrow strigate anterior area ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ); hypopygeal posterior margin almost straight ( Fig. 13G View FIGURE 13 ).................................... Apenesia celiela sp. nov.

- Head as wide as long ( Fig. 2.C View FIGURE 2 ); metapostnotal area foveolate or imbricate anteriorly ( Figs 7C View FIGURE 7 , 9A, F View FIGURE 9 ); hypopygeal posterior margin concave ( Fig. 13C View FIGURE 13 ).............................................................................. 9

9. Mandible with three teeth ( Fig. 6N View FIGURE 6 ); cuspis with three calli ( Fig. 21C View FIGURE 21 ); basivolsella apical inner margin with small projection ( Fig. 21A View FIGURE 21 ).......................................................................................... 10

- Mandible with four teeth ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 ); cuspis with two calli ( Fig. 15I View FIGURE 15 ); basivolsella apical inner margin with large projection ( Fig. 15G View FIGURE 15 )............................................................................. Apenesia azeda sp. nov.

10. Metanotal fovea oval; median region of metanotum narrow and transverse; metapostnotum with row of anterior foveae, polished and weakly imbricate Fig. (9A); hypopygeal membrane covering more than half of hypopygium length; hypopygeal lateral margin sinuous ( Fig. 14D View FIGURE 14 )...................................................... Apenesia joela sp. nov.

- Metanotal fovea linear; median region of metanotum wide and longitudinal; metapostnotum imbricate and polished ( Fig. 9F View FIGURE 9 ); hypopygeal membrane not covering half of hypopygium length; hypopygeal lateral margin converging posterad ( Fig. 14I View FIGURE 14 ).......................................................... Apenesia makiharai ( Sawada, Terayama & Mita, 2014)

11. Metapostnotal median carina distinctly present ( Figs 8C View FIGURE 8 , 9E View FIGURE 9 ).................................................. 12

- Metapostnotal median carina absent ( Figs 7E, 7I View FIGURE 7 , 8B View FIGURE 8 )....................................................... 20

12. Notaulus absent or incomplete posteriorly ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 )......................................................... 13

- Notalus complete ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 )............................................................................. 15

13. Dorsal pronotal area short; metapostnotal median carina short ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 ); cuspis with one serrate callus ( Fig. 18I View FIGURE 18 )............................................................................................ Apenesia esila sp. nov.

- Dorsal pronotal area very short; metapostnotal median carina long ( Fig. 9E View FIGURE 9 ); cuspis with more than one callus ( Fig. 22F View FIGURE 22 ).. 14

14. Head nearly rounded with strongly convex vertex ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ); notaulus absent or nearly so ( Fig. 9E View FIGURE 9 ); hypopygeal posterior margin convex ( Fig. 14H View FIGURE 14 )...................................................... Apenesia leytensis (Terayama, 1995)

- Head trapezoidal with vertex almost straight ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ); notaulus present, incomplete posteriorly ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ); hypopygeal posterior margin concave ( Fig. 13B View FIGURE 13 )........................................................... Apenesia aniela sp. nov.

15. Head longer than wide ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ); mandible with one tooth ( Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 )............................................. 16

- Head nearly as long as wide ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ), mandible with four or five teeth ( Fig. 6H View FIGURE 6 ).................................. 18

16. Head with vertex convex; eye not bulging ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ); metapostnotum mostly imbricate; metanotal fovea oval ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 )...................................................................................... Apenesia bifiela sp. nov.

- Head with vertex straight or nearly so; eye bulging ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ); metapostnotum mostly rugulose; metanotal fovea droppedshaped ( Fig. 9B, E View FIGURE 9 )................................................................................... 17

17. Ocellar triangle with proximal edges ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ); dorsal pronotal area very short; mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus weakly arched ( Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ); cuspis with two calli ( Fig. 21F View FIGURE 21 )......................................... Apenesia juliela sp. nov.

- Ocellar triangle with distal edges ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ); dorsal pronotal area short; mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus straight ( Fig. 9G View FIGURE 9 ); cuspis with one serrate callus ( Fig. 23C View FIGURE 23 )................................. Apenesia perlonga Corrêa &Azevedo, 2006

18. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus straight and shallow ( Fig. 8I View FIGURE 8 ); aedeagus with dorsal lobe long and narrow ( Fig. 20H View FIGURE 20 )..................................................................................... Apenesia itoiela sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus at least arched, deep or shallow ( Fig. 7A, D View FIGURE 7 ); aedeagus with dorsal lobe short or, when long, not narrow ( Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 )................................................................................. 19

19. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus weakly arched and shallow ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ); hypopygium with posterior margin straight, without flap ( Fig. 13A View FIGURE 13 ); aedeagus with dorsal lobe long and wide ( Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 )........................ Apenesia amenula sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus arched and deep ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ); hypopygium with posterior margin concave, with flap ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 ); aedeagus with dorsal lobe short and wide ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 )................................ Apenesia beliella sp. nov.

20. Dorsal pronotal area short or very short ( Fig. 7I View FIGURE 7 )............................................................ 21

- Dorsal pronotal area long ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 )...................................................................... 24

21. Notaulus complete ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ); hypopygeal posterior margin concave ( Fig. 13K View FIGURE 13 )................................... 22

- Notaulus incomplete posteriorly ( Fig. 7I View FIGURE 7 ); hypopygeal posterior margin straight ( Fig. 13I View FIGURE 13 )........... Apenesia cila sp. nov.

22. Mandible with one tooth ( Fig. 5H View FIGURE 5 ); mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus weakly arched ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ); hypopygium with flap ( Fig. 14A View FIGURE 14 ).............................................................................................. 23

- Mandible with three teeth ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ); mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus wide and arched ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ); hypopygium without flap ( Fig. 13K View FIGURE 13 )......................................................................... Apenesia elela sp. nov.

23. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus narrow; metanotal fovea poorly impressed; metapectal-propodeal complex with posterior margin almost straight; metapostnotum rugulose, polished and weakly imbricate ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ); paraspicular sulcus weakly foveolate; lateral carina of metapectal-propodeal carina absent ( Fig. 11F View FIGURE 11 ); propodeal declivity polished-foveolate............................................................................................... Apenesia girena sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus wide; metanotal fovea well impressed; metapectal-propodeal complex with posterior margin convex; metapostnotum strigate anteriorly, coriaceous medially, and weakly coriaceous ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ); paraspicular sulcus irregularly foveolate; lateral carina of metapectal-propodeal carina present ( Fig. 10E View FIGURE 10 ); propodeal declivity imbricate............................................................................................ Apenesia berela sp. nov.

24. Metapostnotum texture in trapezoidal area ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 )........................................ Apenesia farela sp. nov.

- Metapostnotum texture in triangular area ( Figs 8D View FIGURE 8 , 9H View FIGURE 9 )...................................................... 25

25. Notaulus almost parallel ( Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ); cuspis with three calli ( Fig. 19C View FIGURE 19 )........................... Apenesia eura sp. nov.

- Notaulus converging posterad ( Figs 8F View FIGURE 8 , 9H View FIGURE 9 ); cuspis with one or two calli ( Fig. 19I View FIGURE 19 )................................ 26

26. Mandible with one tooth ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ); mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus wide and deep; metanotal fovea dropped-shaped; metapostnotum rugulose ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ); hypopygeal plate short ( Fig. 13O View FIGURE 13 )............................. Apenesia gabela sp. nov.

- Mandible with four teeth ( Fig. 6P View FIGURE 6 ); mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus narrow and shallow; metanotal fovea oval; metapostnotum irregularly foveolate ( Fig. 9H View FIGURE 9 ); hypopygeal plate long ( Fig. 14K View FIGURE 14 )...... Apenesia sahyadrica Azevedo & Waichert, 2006