Heliothrips Haliday, 1836

Lima, Élison Fabrício Bezerra, O’Donnell, Cheryle Ann, Miyasato, Elisa Aiko & Br, Pi., 2020, The Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) of Brazil, with one new Caliothrips species, Zootaxa 4820 (2), pp. 201-230 : 214

Heliothrips Haliday

This genus comprises four recognizable species, all native to South America but with H. haemorrhoidalis ( Fig. 125 ) widespread around the world, and H. longisensibilis also known from China. A previous hypothesis suggested H. haemorrhoidalis was native to the Amazon basin, with H. zucchi and H. similis native to the Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil ( Mound & Monteiro 1997, Nakahara et al. 2015). But the records of H. longisensibilis ( Fig. 126 ) provided here from several states in Central and Northern Brazil indicate that species in the genus may have evolved in different areas more broadly within South America (see Xie et al. 2019). Recent thrips surveys indicate that H. longisensibilis is widespread in Central, Northern and Northeastern states of Brazil, but that the name H. haemorrhoidalis can be applied only to specimens collected in south, southeast and areas close to the Northeast oriental coast, all in the biome Atlantic Rainforest. Some previous records of H. haemorrhoidalis might represent H. longisensibilis , including records of damage to plants as described by Lima et al. (2016) ( Fig. 134 ). It appears that records of three of the four currently recognised species in this genus in Brazil are from Southeast and South. In central (Caatinga biome) and western (Cerrado and Amazon biomes) northeast, the only species recorded was H. longisensibilis , while H. similis was recorded in Bahia ( Nakahara et al. 2015) and H. haemorrhoidalis in Paraíba and Sergipe. Collections from Northern Brazil (Amazon biome) included H. longisensibilis and also a potentially undescribed species. The members of this genus have the antennae 8-segmented, with simple sense cones on segments III and IV, and segment VIII long and slender ( Figs 41–44 ). The fore wing apex is rounded, and the veinal setae very small.

Figures

FIGURES 121–138. Panchaetothripinae species and damages to plants.Alive individuals 121–128: (121) Bradinothrips musae; (122) Caliothrips phaseoli; (123) Dinurothrips hookeri in courtship; (124) Helionothrips errans; (125) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis; (126) Heliothrips longisensibilis; (127) Retithrips syriacus; (128) Selenothrips rubrocinctus (adult). Damages 129–138: (129) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Bradinothrips musae; (130) Soybean leaf chlorosis caused by Caliothrips phaseoli; (131) Mint leaf with chlorosis caused by Dinurothrips hookeri; (132) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Elixothrips brevisetis; (133) Orchid leaves with chlorosis and fecal markings caused by Helionothrips errans; (134) Jasmine leaf with chlorosis caused by Heliothrips longisensibilis; (135) Physic nut leaf with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (136) Rose leaves with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (137) Guanandi leaves with bronzing caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus; (138) Liquidambar styraciflua leaves with chlorosis caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus.

FIGURES 34–51. Panchaetothripinae species. Antenna 34–47: (34) Arachisothrips millsi; (35) Brachyurothrips anomalus; (36) Bradinothrips williamsi; (37) Caliothrips cangaceiro sp. n.; (38) Caliothrips punctipennis; (39) Dinurothrips vezenyii; (40) Elixothrips brevisetis; (41) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis; (42) Heliothrips longisensibilis; (43) Heliothrips similis; (44) Heliothrips zucchi; (45) Hoodothrips constrictus; (46) Hoodothrips lineatus; (47) Selenothrips rubrocinctus; (48) Brachyurothrips anomalus (head); (49) Caliothrips punctipennis (head and thorax); head and pronotum 50–51: (50) Caliothrips phaseoli; (51) Caliothrips nanus.