Urothripine

Mound, Laurence A., Lima, Élison Fabrício B. & O’Donnell, Cheryle A., 2023, What is a genus-interpreting structural diversity among species of urothripine Phlaeothripinae (Thysanoptera), Zootaxa 5319 (1), pp. 91-102 : 97

Distinguishing the Urothripine genera

1. Compound eyes each with at least 30 facets ( Figs 40–41 ), all equal in size; antennal segment III slender, usually 3–4 times as long as wide and not narrowed sharply to base; mid and hind tarsi 2-segmented; fore tarsal hamus directed ventrally; metathoracic epimera each with a prominent lateral seta....................................................... 2

-. Compound eyes never with more than 15 facets ( Figs 27–28 ), some dorsal facets much larger than others; antennal segment III almost globose, scarcely 2 times as long as wide and sharply narrowed to basal stem (sometimes fused to segment IV or to IV+V); mid and hind tarsi 1-segmented; fore tarsal hamus, when present, directed laterally; metathoracic epimera with or without such a seta.................................................................................... 3

2. Head projecting over bases of first antennal segment ( Fig 41 ); eyes almost holoptic but with no facets ventrally; head with genae narrowing to base; prosternal basantra present and transverse.................................... Octurothrips

-. Head projecting strongly in front of eyes with antennae arising at apex ( Fig. 40 ); compound eyes globose on dorsal and ventral surfaces; head sharply narrowed to base; prosternal basantra reduced to weak sclerites placed anterolaterally.... Habrothrips

3. Prosternal basantra transverse across anterior margins of ferna......................................... Trachythrips

-. Prosternal basantra absent or reduced to small anterolateral sclerites............................................. 4

4. Anterior margin of head with prominent setae, rarely reduced to a single small pair ( Figs 26–32 )...................... 5

-. Anterior margin of head with no prominent setae ( Figs 33–38 )................................................. 6

5. Antennal segment III narrowed at apex and distinct from narrowed base of IV ( Fig. 9 ); maxillary stylets close together medially in head..................................................................................... Bradythrips

-. Antennal segment III broad at apex and close to broad base of IV, segments III–V weakly to closely fused; maxillary stylets about 0.3 of head width apart................................................................. Stephanothrips

6. Fore tarsus with hamus.......................................................................... Urothrips

-. Fore tarsal hamus absent................................................................... Amphibolothrips

Figures

FIGURES 33–42. Heads of urothripines. (33) Urothrips paradoxus; (34) U. calvus; (35) U. tarai; (36) U. reedi; (37) U. junctus; (38) U. probolus. (39–40) Habrothrips curiosus. (41–42) Octurothrips pulcher.

FIGURES 21–32. Heads of urothripines.(21) Amphibolothrips grassii; (22) A. knechteli; (23) A. marginatus; (24) Bebelothrips flavicinctus; (25) Conocephalothrips tricolor; (26) Bradythrips hesperus; (27) Baenothrips cuneatus; (28) B. murphyi; (29) S. erythrinus; (30) B. guatemalensis; (31) B. moundi; (32) Stephanothrips uvarovi [paratype].

FIGURES 1–20. Antennae of urothripines. (1) Amphibolothrips grassii; (2) A. knechteli; (3) Conocephalothrips tricolor; (4) Bebelothrips flavicinctus; (5) Baenothrips guatemalensis; (6) B. moundi; (7) B. chiliensis; (8) B. cuneatus; (9) Bradythrips hesperus; (10) Stephanothrips buffai; (11) S. uvarovi (paratype); (12) S. uvarovi (Brazil); (13) S. howei; (14) S. barretti; (15) S, broomei; (16–17) S. erythrinus (paratypes); (18) S. austrinus; (19) S. adnatus; (20) Antennae of five Asian Stephanothrips species in Okajima (1989).