Pauropsalta rubristrigata ( Goding and Froggatt, 1904 )

POPPLE, L. W., 2013, A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & amp; Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies , Zootaxa 3730 (1), pp. 1-102 : 77-79

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3730.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0C2C146B-FEE4-4150-A6D3-B3A5E5491E8B
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC8964-FFFF-AE13-FF62-FF4BD126404D
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Pauropsalta rubristrigata ( Goding and Froggatt, 1904 )
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Treatment

Pauropsalta rubristrigata ( Goding and Froggatt, 1904) View in CoL

( Figs 2O View FIGURE 2 , 4P View FIGURE 4 , 31G View FIGURE 31 , 39D View FIGURE 39 , 43 View FIGURE 43 , 46C–D View FIGURE 46 , 49–50 View FIGURE 49 View FIGURE 50 )

Melampsalta rubristrigata Goding and Froggatt, 1904: 638 View in CoL .

Cicadetta rubristrigata (Goding and Froggatt) View in CoL : Metcalf, 1963: 374.

Pauropsalta rubristrigata (Goding and Froggatt) View in CoL : Ewart, 1989: 293, 349; Moulds, 1990: 136; Moss and Popple, 2000.

Material. Syntypes: 1♂ 1♀ ‘ Mt Lofty /S.A.’, ‘ 28.xii.1892 ’, ‘ Zict’ ( ANIC); other material: AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY : 2♂ 35°28'30"S 148°56'59"E, 1km ENE. Woods Reserve , 8.i.2011, LT2009371, Popple, 397-0001 to 397-0002 ( LWP) GoogleMaps ; 1♂ 35°28'30"S 148°56'59"E, 1km ENE. Woods Reserve , 8.i.2011, LT2009371, Popple, 397-0003 ( DE); VICTORIA GoogleMaps : 1♂ 1♀ Mt Piper, Broadford Vic. , 6.i.1979, Quick ( ANIC) ;

Description. Male ( Figs 4P View FIGURE 4 , 31G View FIGURE 31 , 39D View FIGURE 39 , 43 View FIGURE 43 , 46C View FIGURE 46 ). Head. Dorsal surface black with a medium brown to reddishbrown triangular depression between the lateral ocelli, pointing anteriorly, with flat side against posterior margin of head; long silver pubescence behind eyes, with shorter yellow pubescence over remainder. Genae and vertex black, with long silver pubescence. Mandibular plate black with an outer narrow pale red marginal ridge, extending to suture between gena; long silver pubescence. Antennae black. Ocelli pinkish-red. Eyes red in live specimens, darkening to reddish-brown in dried specimens; distinct furrow between eyes and pronotum. Postclypeus black anteriorly, with reddish-brown margin; short and long silver pubescence along ventral surface except down midline; short yellow pubescence along posterior ventral surface. Anteclypeus black, with long silver pubescence. Rostrum mostly black, with proximal reddish-brown margin; silver pubescence; extending to mid coxae.

Thorax. Pronotum black; central fascia brown to reddish-brown, forming a smear that narrows anteriorly and posteriorly, not extending to posterior or anterior margins; silver-yellow pubescence, especially along oblique fissures; pronotal collar black with a prominent reddish-brown distal margin. Mesonotum, including submedian and lateral sigilla black, with narrow, reddish-brown, dorsolateral triangular fasciae and longitudinal lateral fasciae surrounding lateral sigilla and extending to edges of submedian sigilla; cruciform elevation pale red, black anteriorly; ridges between wing grooves brown to reddish-brown; long silver-yellow pubescence, most evident around cruciform elevation.

Legs. Coxae black with reddish-brown margins; fore femora pale red with black longitudinal fasciae; mid and hind femora brown to reddish-brown, also with black longitudinal fasciae; fore, mid and hind tibiae brown to reddish-brown; tarsi and claws brown to reddish-brown; spines dark brown.

Wings. Fore wing venation reddish-brown to red, becoming darker towards apical cells and ambient veins; detectable angulation of fore wings at node; pterostigma reddish-brown; hind wing infuscation at the juncture of the anal lobe and wing margin, surrounding the distal termination of vein 2A, distinct.

Timbals. Long ribs 1–2 fused ventrally; long ribs 1–4 fused dorsally to basal spur. Long rib 5 does not extend ventrally beyond adjacent intercalary rib. Four intercalary ribs developed equally and clearly visible.

Opercula. Broadly sickle-shaped, obliquely elongated; central region domed, shiny, dark-brown to black; medial and lateral margins entirely reddish-brown; parallel to body axis.

Abdomen. Tergites black with contrasting red posterior margins between tergites 3 to 7; diffuse, reddish-brown colouration extending broadly around posterior half of tergite 8; silver-yellow short pubescence. Sternites mainly black with prominent red to reddish-brown colouration on lateral margins.

Genitalia. Pygofer brown to pale brown, grading to brown posteriorly, with black dorsal beak; upper lobes prominent, erect, terminally rounded; lower lobes distinct, bulbous, with an inner tooth strongly developed on each lobe; inner lobes enlarged, acute, posteriorly tapering; dorsal beak prominent, sharply pointed, slightly curved in lateral view; claspers with a pair of hooked processes; aedeagus with dorsal pseudoparameres that bifurcate and join theca near gonocoxite IX; pseudoparameres apically curved, tapering; theca sclerotized, gradually curved posteriorly, apex somewhat blunt, inwardly curved between dorsal and ventral edges, with a variable number of small spines on lateral sides, 10–14 small spines on posterior lateral sides and at least two large spines on posterior ventral edge.

Female ( Fig 46D View FIGURE 46 ). Similar colouration and patterning to male. Head colouration similar to that of male, except often with reddish-brown vertex lobes. Pronotum black; central fascia reddish-brown, often broader than that of male and reaching anterior margin, extending further posteriorly and dorsolaterally to form a pair of outwardpointing, wedge-shaped patterns. Mesonotum black with reddish-brown dorsolateral and lateral fasciae in are between submedian and lateral sigilla, and entirely surrounding lateral sigilla; often more pronounced than in male. Legs similar in colour to those of male. Abdomen with tergites similar in colouration to those of male; abdominal segment 9 reddish-brown with a pair of dorsal longitudinal black fasciae, sometimes fused dorsally, extending to the anterior edge and ventrolaterally to some extent; sternites reddish-brown with a broad and more or less regular median black fascia on each of sternites II to VII; ovipositor sheath extending 3.5–4.0 mm beyond termination of abdominal segment 9.

Measurements (mm). N= 4 ♂ 2 ♀. Ranges and means (in parentheses), mm; BL: ♂ 21.3–23.5 (22.8); ♀ 27.0– 27.5 (27.3); FWL: ♂ 25.1–28.0 (26.3); ♀ 26.0–28.4 (27.2); FWB: ♂ 10.0–10.9 (10.3); ♀ 11.2–11.8 (11.5); HW: ♂ 6.8–7.4 (7.0); ♀ 6.7–7.6 (7.2); PW: ♂ 6.0–6.4 (6.2); ♀ 6.0–6.7 (6.4); AW: ♂ 6.6–7.2 (6.9); ♀ 5.9–6.3 6.1); OL: ♀ 12.3–13.4 (12.9).

Distinguishing features. Pauropsalta rubristrigata can be easily distinguished from all other species in the P. annulata species group by its large size. No other species has a fore wing length greater than 23mm. In addition, the extensive red colouration on the legs, wing veins and posterior margins of the tergites are together a highly distinctive feature.

Geological and Pedological Associations. Found in association with silt loams and sandy loams.

Distribution and Ecology ( Figure 43 View FIGURE 43 ). Mostly cool temperate locations from south-east South Australia east through the subcoastal and highland locations of Victoria into New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory. In New South Wales it occurs from the Southern Highlands north through the western side of the Blue Mountains as far as Barrington Tops and Gibraltar Range ( Moss and Popple, 2000), with an isolated population at Mount Kaputar. Adults typically occur in the foliage and outer branches of Eucalyptus spp. (subgenus Eucalyptus and also subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Maidenaria).

Calling Song ( Figs 2O View FIGURE 2 , 49–50 View FIGURE 49 View FIGURE 50 ). The calling song of P. rubristrigata comprises two components, lilting and buzzing, which alternate during song production. The buzzing component seems to be produced only sporadically. It comprises a single, drawn–out echeme (132–341 syllables, 1.184 – 3.067 s, n=2 individuals). The lilting component is made of repeated phrases, each of which includes a long echeme (12–20 syllables, 0.104 – 0.204 s) followed by a silence (0.036 – 0.135 s), a short echeme (3–5 syllables, 0.029 – 0.060 s) and another silence (0.031 – 0.134 s) (all statistics here and below, n=10 individuals). Sporadically, males produce an extended version of the lilting component with an additional echeme, of equal duration to the short echeme, immediately preceding the long echeme. It is during production of this latter part of the lilting component that the males have been observed to become particularly receptive to simulated female wing-flicks (D. Marshall, pers. comm., 7.vii.2013.). At this stage, it is not clear if females respond, or indeed whether calling males are receptive to responses, during the lilting component prior to production of the extended version. The rhythmic structure of the calling song overall most closely resembles P. ayrensis ; however, it has a lower highest amplitude dominant frequency, lying between 4.6–5.5 kHz, a correspondingly lower frequency plateau between 3.5–7.2 kHz and lower amplitude plateau extending to 11.2 kHz. The calling song of P. rubristrigata also has a phrase repetition rate of 0.200 – 0.533 s and a syllable repetition rate of 90–110 Hz.