Cithaerias songoana (Langer), 2021

Penz, Carla M., 2021, Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the blue and purple / rose Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), Zootaxa 4963 (2), pp. 293-316 : 310-311

Cithaerias songoana (Langer) STAT. REV.

( Figs 5j–k , 8c , 9g , 10 )

Callitaera songoana Langer, 1944 ; Gattung Callitaera Btlr. ( Satyridae, Lep. ). Entomologische Zeitschrift 57(15): 113–114.

Type locality: Bolivia .

Type material: The female lectotype of C. songoana is deposited in Zoologische Sammlung München , Germany .

Distribution. Only known from Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba departments). See map ( Fig. 10 ) for locality of examined specimens.

Diagnosis. This species is defined based on the following combination of characters (numbered in Fig. 5j–k ): (1) male HW submarginal and marginal bands broadly separated, marginal band thin, anal margin with a broad pink area; (2) male HW postmedial band proximal to the ocellus below M 1 thin, fragmented; (3) male HW postmedial band broad; (4) male HW scale cover dark pink, dense and limited to the tornus, covering the postmedial band and enclosing relatively large pink spots; (5) female similar to male but with wider HW brown bands. Male genitalia ( Fig. 8c ): in lateral view, uncus slightly curved at base; in dorsal view, the uncus and tegument form a dome-shaped outline and enclose a small fenestra. In lateral view, valva notably tall and short; in ventral view, valva broad and with a rounded indentation near the apex (larger and shallower than in pyropina ), inner base of valva notably sclerotized and extended towards the sub-anal plate. In ventral view, saccus narrow anteriorly. Phallus straight, shorter than the genitalic capsule, vesica adorned with minute spines that extend slightly onto the shaft; phallobase wide, triangular. Sub-anal plate rectangular, longer than wide, adjacent area broad (much larger than in pyropyna ), well sclerotized, and bearing large microtrichia. Female genitalia ( Fig. 9g ): sterigma forming a broad concave “cup” that is somewhat U-shaped, ostium bursae remarkably wide. Post-sterigmal area weakly sclerotized, rounded. Antrum short and highly sclerotized; ductus bursae short. Corpus bursae lacks signa.

Subspecies. None.

Remarks. The wing color pattern of C. songoana differs from C. pyropina by having dense pink scale cover in the tornus area (compare Fig. 5j–k to 5a–i). The color pattern of this species somewhat resembles that of C. aurora females (see Fig. 5b in Penz et al. 2014:553). Cithaerias songoana and C. pyropina also show some divergence in genitalia morphology, such as: the shapes of the phallobase, uncus, subscaphium, distal portion of the valva and sterigma, and the widths of the antrum and ductus bursae (compare Figs 8c to 8a–b, and Fig. 9g to 9e–f). These differences justify the species status for C. songoana proposed here.

Material examined: MALE: 1♂, Bolivia, Chapare , 14-05 Dissected by CM Penz ( LACM); 2M, Bolivia, Las (sic) Yungas, Sep 1989 ( FMNH). FEMALE: 1♀, Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic), 750m, 1914, 20-17 Dissected by CM Penz ( MNHN; abdomen sent on loan, wing pattern examined from a photograph provided by Rodolphe Rougerie, Fig. 5k ).

Figures

FIGURE 5. a–d, C. pyropina pyropina; e–f, C. pyropina pyropina, “rosacea” phenotype; g, comparison among phenotypes (top row: male, Peru, Satipo; female, Chanchamayo; bottom row: male and female from Tingo María); h–i, C. pyropina julia; j–k, C. songoana; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Collection labels of the C. songoana female indicate that it was examined and photographed by G. Langer. Rodolphe Rougerie provided the photograph of one of the C. songoana female (k), and granted permission for its use here.

FIGURE 8. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-21; b, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Morona-Santiago, Yakunk-Cutucu Trail) dissection CMP 19-12; c, C. azurina (Bolivia, Chaparé) dissection CMP 14-05.

FIGURE 9. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline (scale patches, general scaling, and setae excluded). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (British Guiana, Potaro River) dissection CMP 13–32; b, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-04; c, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Santarém) dissection CMP 14-11; d, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-15; e, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-31; f, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Macas) dissection CMP 19-16; g, C. songoana (Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic)) dissection CMP 20-17. The arrow in e shows a separate drawing of the sclerotized post-sterigmal plate (folded behind the sterigma in the prepared specimen, and also in f and g). This structure is present in all species examined, and all have microtrichia, which vary in size between species.

FIGURE 10. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities). Circles marked with a white dot represent specimens examined from photographs.