Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962

Bertaco, Vinicius A. & Malabarba, Luiz R., 2010, A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4), pp. 737-770 : 759-762

Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962

Figs. 21-22

Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962: 66 (map with distribution, fig. 1), 71 (diagnosis; fig. 2 - holotype; type locality: brownscreek, km 114 of the railroad Paramaribo- Dam , Paramaracca river basin, Surinam), 72-75 (original description), 78 (in key).

Diagnosis. Hemibrycon surinamensis is distinguished from all congeners, except H. divisorensis , by the presence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and extending along entire length of caudal-fin rays 9 to 12- 13. Hemibrycon surinamensis differs from H. divisorensis by the absence of a black band in the lower half of the caudal 760 A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon peduncle from the region above the last anal-fin rays to the caudal-fin base, and by the smaller number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (15-16 vs. 17-22).

Description. Morphometric data for H. surinamensis summarized in Table 6. Largest male 80.2 mm SL, largest female 91.5 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal body profile convex from nostril to dorsalfin origin, slightly concave in supraocciptal spine; posteroventrally slanted at dorsal-fin base; straight from last dorsal-fin ray to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head convex. Ventral body profile slightly convex to nearly straight from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle short, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.

Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.

Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 4-6, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 tetra- to pentacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last smaller; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla fully toothed with 7-14 tricuspid teeth (rarely pentacuspid), except for last four or five conical teeth, with central cusp longer. Three or 4 anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3- 5 cusps, and 8-10 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually ( Fig. 22 ).

Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 67); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin slightly concave.Adipose-fin located approximately at vertical through insertion of last three or four anal-fin ray.Anal-fin rays iii-iv,26-27 (two with 25 three with 28, mode = 27, n = 67, Fig. 2 ). First unbranched ray normally only apparent in cleared and stained specimens.Anal-fin profile slightly concave in females and males. Anal-fin origin posterior to vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of small, elongate, retrorse bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, usually along last unbranched ray and twelve anterior branched rays; hooks more numerous along second through seventh branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-12 (mode = 11, n = 67). Pectoral-fin tip reaching pelvic-fin origin in males but not in females. Pelvic-fin rays i,7 (one with i,8; n = 67). Pelvic-fin origin located anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually

V. A. Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba 761

bearing 1 retrorse bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of second to ninth branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 67); lobes similar in size. Dorsal procurrent rays 10-11, and ventral procurrent rays 9-11 (n = 6).

Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 39-41 (mode = 41, n = 62, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6-7 (mode = 7, n = 67); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4-5 (mode = 5, n = 67). Predorsal scales 12-15, arranged in regular series (mode = 13). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 14. Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 12-17 scales in single series, extending to base of eighth to fourteenth branched rays.

Precaudal vertebrae 16-17; caudal vertebrae 21-22; total vertebrae 38-39 (n = 10). Supraneurals 6-7 (n = 6). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-9, and on lower limb 11-12 (n = 12).

Color in alcohol. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal and dorsolateral portion of head and body pigmented dark brown. One black humeral spot narrow, larger and vertically elongate, located over fifth to sixth lateral line scales and extending over 5-6 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral body stripe broad silvery extending from humeral region to caudal peduncle. A wide black spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and extending about median rays. Dorsal fin with dark pigmentation diffuse, and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe in some specimens. Other fins without distinctive marks ( Fig. 21 ).

Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon surinamensis are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, anal-, pelvic-, and pectoral-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths, and body depth ( Table 6). Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments.

Distribution. Hemibrycon surinamensis is known from coastal basins of French Guiana and Suriname (Paramacca and Maroni basins), and from lower rios Tapajós, Tocantins and Xigu basins, Pará, Brazil ( Fig. 4 ).

Remarks. Géry (1962) described Hemibrycon surinamensis from the basin of Paramacca River, Suriname, based on his particular fish collection. Géry gave the catalog number of only one lot of paratypes from ZMA fish collection (ZMA 100347, paratype), and listed the remaining lots as belonging to his particular fish collection (Holotype Nr. M. 107; and 9 paratypes Nr. M. 107.2-11, except Nr. 4). Later, the holotype was donated to ZMA (catalogued as ZMA 104188), and the paratypes were distributed to MHNG and MNHN fish collections. Planquette et al. (1996) collected several specimens and lots of H. surinamensis in some river basins from French Guiana, as the Maroni, Approuague, Comté and Mana. In the 1980 decade, Michael Goulding makes several collecting expeditions in the Amazon basin, including the rio Tocantins. Most of the fishes collected by Goulding are located at MZUSP, but a large portion has not been cataloged. We have analyzed the lots of Hemibrycon collected by Goulding in 1983 in the rio Itacaiúnas, lower rio Tocantins basin and concluded that is the same species from Suriname 762 A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon and French Guiana, H. surinamensis . No significant difference was found between the Suriname / French Guiana and Tocantins populations. Recently, new Hemibrycon specimens were collected in lower Tapajós and Xingu river basins (Delineamento da Ecorregião Aquática Xingu-Tapajós Project, CETEM, RJ), and after an examination, we conclude that also belong to H. surinamensis .

Material examined. Paratypes. MHNG 2182.59 , 1 of 2, 57.1 mm SL, brownkreek sur 114 km railroad Paramacca River basin, Suriname, 6 Nov 1960 (origin ZMA) . MNHN 1980.1435 , 1 , 53.3 mm SL, Suriname , Nov 1960, H. P. Pijpers . ZMA 100.347 , 4 of 7, 55.0- 64.8 mm SL, Paramacca River basin, Brownscreek , 8 km NW of Brownsweg Village, km 14 of the railroad Paramaribo- Dam, Suriname, 6 Nov 1960, H. P. Pijpers . Non-type specimens. French Guiana: MHNG 2179.27 , 2 , 74.6-76.3 mm SL, crique Cochou, environ de Saul, Maroni , 7 Jun 1983 (coll. J. Géry 107) . MHNG 2279.28 , 12 (2 c&s), 51.5-91.5 mm SL, bassin Mana, eau claire environ de Saül, 1983 (coll. Géry 107) . MHNG 2182.61 , 3 , 53.2-80.2 mm SL, crique Balatés, Maroni River drainage . MHNG 2182.62 , 2 , 35.8-73.6 mm SL, crique Balatés , 9 Oct 1979 (coll. J. Géry 107) . MHNG 2182.63 , 6 , 29.5-75.5 mm SL, riviere Conté, crique Blanche , 3 Oct 1979 (coll. Géry 0107) . MNHN 1989.0046 , 1 , 43.3 mm SL, crique Japigny, río Approuague drainage, Cayenne , Meunier at Pascal Boujard , Nov 1988 . MNHN 1994.0094 , 1 , 38.5 mm SL, Arataye River, Approuague River drainage, Saut parare, Cayenne , ca. 04º02’N 52º42’W, Meunier at Pascal Boujard, Nov 1988 . MNHN 1998.1780 , 2 , 59.8 -72.0 mm SL, Tampoc, ca. 03º20’N 53º45’W, río Maroni drainage, Filet Haut , St. Laurent du Maroni , 26 Nov 1998 . MNHN 1998.1931 , 11 , 35.5-77.1 mm SL, Grand Inini, Maroni River drainage, St. Laurent du Maroni , 27 Sep 1997 . MNHN 2001.1944 , 8 , 26.2-37.4 mm SL, crique Blanche, Comté River drainage, Cayenne , 3 Oct 1979 . MNHN 2001.2513 , 13 , 23.4-37.1 mm SL, Approuague River drainage, Decouverte, Cayenne , 10 Nov 2003 . MNHN 2002.3511 , 10 , 69.8-88.7 mm SL, Alama, Maroni River drainage, Mitaraka , St. Laurent du Maroni , 02º18’26”N 54º34’31”W, 17 Oct 2002 . MNHN 2004.1199 , 2 , 35.4-39.6 mm SL, Petit Approuague, Orapu River drainage, Cayenne , 9 Nov 2003 . Suriname: MHNG 1553.54 - 58 , 5 , 46.8-77.3 mm SL, Torrent rocheux dans le Brownberg national Parck , Oct 1976 . MHNG 2182.57 , 1 , 52.6 mm SL, Maroni creek , 7 Jul 1949 (coll. Géry M. 58) . MHNG 2182.64 , 1 , 69.5 mm SL, torrent rocheux ds le Brownsberg National Park , Feb 1977 (coll. J. Géry 107) . MHNG 2279.80 , 1 , 69.6 mm SL, Maroni, crique grand fossé, env. de Saul , 7 Jun 1983 (coll. J. Géry 107) . ZMA 107.232 , 11 , 49.0- 74.2 mm SL, district Saramacca, Coppename River on northern slope of Wilhelmina Mountains , ca. 03º49’N 56º57’W, 17 May 1967 . ZMA 107.275 , 4 , 53.2-82.9 mm SL, Kamaloea (= Saloea) Creek at right bank of Marowijne River , 9 km SE of Gran Creek, district Marowijne, 24 Apr 1967 . Brazil, Pará. Lower rio Tapajós basin : MNRJ 34433 , 3 , 39.5-45.7 mm SL, igarapé tributary of rio Uruará, 4 km west of Uruará , 03º43’57”S 53º46’29”W, 26 Sep 2008 . MNRJ 34435 , 3 , 32.6-45.4 mm SL, igarapé at Balneário Cachoeira, Rurópolis , 04º08’00”S 54º53’41”W, 27 Sep 2008 . MNRJ 34437 , 9 , 27.4 -35.0 mm SL, igarapé at road Transamazônica, ca. 52 km of Rurópolis, Rurópolis , 04º07’52"S 55º13’42"W, 27 Sep 2008 . Lower rio Tocantins basin : MZUSP 30529 , 23 of 26 (3 c&s), 32.7-87.1 mm SL ; MCP 17074, 1 c&s, 51.9 mm SL, río Itacaiúnas, Caldeirão , 15 Oct 1983 . MZUSP 30530 , 5 , 44.9-68.8 mm SL, río Itacaiúnas, estrada de Ferro , 10 km leste do N-4, ca. 05º52’S 50º32’W, 13 Oct 1983 . MZUSP 31840 , 1 , 77.5 mm SL, río Itacaiúnas, Igarapé Pojuca, Caldeirão , Serra dos Carajás , ca. 05º52’S 50º32’W, 5 Oct 1983 . Lower rio Xingu basin : MNRJ 34439 , 12 , 30.1-43.4 mm SL, córrego do Mico, affluent of rio Fresco, tributary of rio Juari , ca. 7 km NW of Bannach, Bannach , 07º18’15”S 50º26’46”W, 10 Oct 2008 . MNRJ 34441 , 3 , 54.2 -60.0 mm SL, affluent of rio Fresco, tributary of rio Juari, ca. 1 km E of Jauri, Ourilândia do Norte , 07º13’24”S 50º37’10”W, 10 Oct 2008 . MNRJ 34443 , 1 , 41.5 mm SL, igarapé Manguari, km 28, São Félix do Xingu , 06º35’42”S 51º48’48”W, 12 Oct 2008 .

Figures

Fig. 21. Hemibrycon surinamensis, ZMA 100347, paratype, female, 65.0 mm SL, río Paramacca basin, Suriname.

Fig. 22. Hemibrycon surinamensis, MHNG 227928, male, 58.9 mm SL. Scanning electron micrograph of right side upper and lower jaws. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Tukey box plots of number of branched anal-fin rays in Hemibrycon species. Mean represented by thick vertical bar, and 25th and 75th percetiles as lateral borders of box plots. Number in parentheses = N.

Fig. 4. Map of central and northern South America showing geographic distribution of Hemibrycon beni (1, solid hexagon), H. divisorensis (2, open triangle), H. helleri (3, ellipse), H. huambonicus (4, solid triangles), H. jelskii (5, solid dots), H. inambari (6, rectangles), H. metae (7, solid squares), H. mikrostiktos (8, open square), H. polyodon (9, inverted triangle), H. surinamensis (10, solid diamonds), H. taeniurus (11,Trinidad Island), H.tridens (12, open circle).Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality of specimens. 1-12 = type locality of each species.