Syrphus octomaculatus Walker, 1836

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia, 2021, Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes, Zootaxa 4959 (1), pp. 1-178 : 144-145

Syrphus octomaculatus Walker, 1836

Figs 201–202

Syrphus octomaculatus Walker, 1836: 344

Syrphus gayi Macquart, 1842: 90

Syrphus testaceicornis Macquart, 1850: 457

Syrphus poecilogaster Philippi, 1865: 746

Syrphus patagonus Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 115

Type locality and data. “ Chile ” (T, ♀, BMNH) .

Material examined. Tarapacá: 1♂, MiñeMiñe , no date, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Pampa del Tamarugal , Pozo Almonte, no date, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; Antofagasta : 1♂, Laguna Miscanti , 15.XII.1997, Leg. Castillo ( MZUC) ; Coquimbo : 1♀, La Serena, 8.I.1957, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Quilimari , 24.X.1965, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; Valparaíso : 1♀, Caleta Higuerillas , ConCon, 14.X.1963, Leg. N. Hichens ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Playa Ancha , 11.XII.1963, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Quinta Vergara , 8.III.1964, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Quebrada El Salto, 24.VIII.1965, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, El Granizo, 9.XII.1963, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Limache , 18.IX.1963, Leg. Maldonado ( IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Quebrada verde, 30.VIII.1963, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Parque Peñuelas , 27.V.1964, Leg. D. Lanfranco ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, ConCon , 5.V.1964, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Olmué IX.1975, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Villa Alemana , 8.X.1961, Leg. Solervicens ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Cuesta el Melón, 27.XII.1977, Leg. D. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Cerro La Campana , 8.X.1967, Leg. C. Vivar ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, El Canelillo, 23.X.1965, Leg. Pino ( IEUMCE) ; Metropolitana : Cuesta Lo Prado ( Boyes et al., 1973) ; 1♂, Rungue , no date, Leg. S. Sansotta ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, TilTil , Caleu 18.IX.1962, Leg. Castillo ( MZUC) ; 1♂, Cerro Renca , 19.X.1952, Leg. Orellana ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, El Arrayán, XII.1956, Leg. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Cerro San Cristóbal , no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Agua del Chancho , Las Condes, 27.VIII.1980, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, La Reina, 1.XII.1951, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; Peñalolen , II.1955, Leg. Montero ( IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Macul , 1.V.1952, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; 2♂, 1♀, La Obra, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, El Canelo , 8.XI.1947, Leg. L.E. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♂, Isla de Maipo, no date, Leg. H. Toro ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, El Volcán, 1.II.1951, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Rinconada de Maipú , 26.IV.1967, Leg. N. Hichins ( MEUC) ; 1♂, Quebrada de la Plata, 03.XI.1967; Leg. N. Hichins ( MEUC) ; Maule : 1♀, Alto Vilches , 21.I.1976, Leg. G. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Los Cipreses , 1.XII.1951, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Bullileo , XII.1959, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 9♂, 6♀, Fundo Malcho , 1.XII.1956, Leg. L.E. Peña ( CNC) ; surround Los Queules National Reserve ( Lander et al. 2009); Ñuble : 1♂, Chillán , 1.VIII.1959, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; Las Trancas , 1.II.1956, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Termas de Chillán , II.1965, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; Biobío : 1♀, Caramavida , 6.I.1954, Leg. L.E. Peña ( IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Pemehue , 19.I.1946, Leg. G. Kuschel ( MNHNCL) ; La Araucanía: 1♂, Parque Cabrería , Nahuelbuta, 11.I.1978, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta , 1.X.1978, Leg. P. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Pichinahuel , 10.XII.1956, Leg. L.E. Peña ( IEUMCE) ; 2♂, Angol , 26.VIII.1941, Leg. J. Dandel ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Contulmo , no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry & J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 2♀, Cerro Ñielol , Temuco, II.1954, Leg. R. Isla ( MZUC) ; 1♂, Temuco , 18.XII.1970, Leg. Castillo ( MZUC) ; 1♂, 1♀, Termas de Rio Blanco , 19.II.1954, Leg. L.E. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♂, Toltén , 11.I.1955, Leg. H. Toro ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Termas de Palguin , Leg. Etcheverry ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Lican Ray , 17.XI.1986, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; Los Ríos: 1♀, Valdivia , 22.VI.1966, Leg. Wagenknecht ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Cocule , 6.III.1952, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; Isla Mancera ( Porter 1927a); Los Lagos : 1♂, Aduana Pajaritos , Puyehue, 7.XI.1978, Leg. Camousseight ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Parque Nacional Puyehue , 7–10.II.1993, Leg. G. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Puerto Octay , 19.I.1956, Leg. Castillo ( IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Saltos del Petrohue , 29.I.1996, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Peulla , Puerto Varas, 14.XII.1969, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Lago Chapo , 28.II.1983, Leg. Arriagada ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Guabun , no date, Leg. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Ancud , 16.II.1964, Leg. J. Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Dalcahue , 15.II.1957, Leg. L.E. Peña ( CNC) ; Aysén : 1♂, Puerto Cisnes , 8.I.1967, Leg. Zapata ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Puerto Aysén , 3.I.1967, Leg. Montes ( IEUMCE) ; Magallanes : 1♂, Chabunco , 22.I.1952, Leg. M. Cerda

( MNHNCL); 11♀, Laguna Amarga , 20.XI.1960, Leg. L.E. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♂, Estancia Guayrabo , 23.XI.1979, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Ojo Bueno , 11.X.1974, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Ruhens , 3.XI.1969, Leg. L.E. Peña ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Punta Arenas , 18.XI.1979, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Estero Maria , 25.I.1952, Leg. Barrientos ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Punta delgada, 28.XI.1968, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Isla Riesco , 11.X.1968, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Rio Pérez , 7.XII.1976, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) .

References. Walker, 1836: 344 (desc.); Macquart, 1842: 150, fig. 8 (head) (desc.); Macquart, 1850: 457, fig. 12 (head) (desc.); Blanchard, 1852: 409 (desc.); Blanchard, 1852, plate 3, fig. 9 (ill.); Philippi, 1865: 746 (des. poecilogaster species); Williston, 1886: 311 (cat.); Reed, 1888: 299 (cat.); Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 114 (cat.); Kertész, 1910: 115 (cat.); Porter, 1897a: 22 (cat.); Hine, 1914: 337 (cat. & dist.); Porter, 1927b: 122 (cat.); Shannon, 1927: 29 (desc.); Porter, 1932: 190 (cat. & notes); Pirión, 1933: 89 (notes); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 125 (desc.); Ruiz & Stuardo, 1935: 318 (natural history); Fluke, 1942: 3, fig. 1 (abdomen); Stuardo, 1946: 122 (cat.); Fluke, 1956: 197 (cat.); Rojas, 1966: 175 (cat. of predators of aphids); Boyes et al., 1973: 371 (karyotypes); Etcheverry, 1963: 83 (cat.); Thompson et al., 1976: 8 (cat.); Zúñiga et al., 1986: 480 (predators of aphids); Thompson et al., 2000: 40 (key); González & Coscarón, 2005: 347 (distr.); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005: 412 (pollinator study); Lander et al., 2009: 408 (pollinator study); Wakeham-Dawson et al., 2009: 68 (cat.); Carvallo et al., 2013: 480 (pollinator study); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2014: 7 (ecological study, supplementary material); Montoya, 2016: 479 (cat.).

World distribution. Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Tarapacá to Magallanes region ( Fig. 205 ).

Altitudinal range. From coastal to highland ecosystems (2–4,140 m.a.s.l.).

Biology and notes. Syrphus octomaculatus is a widely distributed species that has been collected visiting flowers of native trees such as G. keule ( Lander et al., 2009) , Myrceugenia planipes , T. stipularis ( Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005) and the exotic species Echium vulgare L. ( Carvallo et al. 2013). This flower fly species also visits flowers of Anisomeria littoralis (Poepp. & Endl.) Moq. (Camilo Colilaf, CSP record) and Baccharis sp. (Matías Cortés, CSP record); L. triloba , P. chilensis and Prunus sp. (Orlando Montes, CSP records); L. caustica (César Martínez, CSP record); Pasithea caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don (Jorge Vera, CSP record); R. ulmifolius (Ricardo Huenuanca, CSP record); R. raphanistrum (Azul de Zafiro and Edgardo Flores, CSP records); Rosa eglanteria L. (María Rojas Gómez-Lobo, CSP record) and Sophora macrocarpa Sm (Francisco Espinoza, CSP record).

Conservation status. LC; EOO = 1,168,494 km 2, AOO = 320 km 2, 59 subpopulations and 71 localities.

Figures

FIGURE 205. Distribution map of species of Chile: Syrphus octomaculatus Walker, 1836 (red circles); Syrphus reedi Shannon, 1927 (black circles), and Syrphus shorae Fluke, 1950 (green circles).

FIGURES 201–204. Syrphus octomaculatus Walker, 1836: (201) female in exotic plant, Providencia (Photo by Gabriela Germain) and (202) male visiting Loasa tricolor Ker. Gawl, La Ligua (Photo by César Martinez). Syrphus reedi Shannon, 1927: (203) female visiting Luma apiculata (DC) Burret (photo by Orlando Montes). Syrphus shorae Fluke, 1950: (204) visiting exotic plant, Providencia, Santiago (Photo by Gabriela Germain). Red arrows show the differences in the color of femora between S. reedi and S. shorae.