Copestylum (Phalacromya) rufoscutellare ( Philippi, 1865 )

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia, 2021, Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes, Zootaxa 4959 (1), pp. 1-178 : 92

Copestylum (Phalacromya) rufoscutellare ( Philippi, 1865)

Figs 134–135

Phalacromyia rufoscutellaris Philippi, 1865: 735

Volucella rufosctellaris Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 168

Type locality and data. “ Chile ” (T, A, MNHMCL).

Material examined. Coquimbo: 1♂, Peralillos, Illapel , no date, Leg. P. Ramírez F. ( MEUC) ; Valparaíso: 1♀, Piscicultura , 11.XI.1963, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♀, Rio Blanco , 1.XII.1957, Leg. Hoffman ( INIA) ; Metropolitana : 1♂, Las Condes , 15.XII.1964, Leg. V. Pérez ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Cerro La Provincia , 15.X.1984, Leg. G. Arriagada ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, 1♀, Macul , 27.X.1991, Leg. J . Herrera ( IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Peñalolen , 10.XI.1944, Leg. L.E. Peña ( INIA) ; 1♂, La Obra, 03.XII.1951, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; 1♂, 2♀, El Canelo, 10.X.1951, Leg. M. Etcheverry ( IEUMCE) ; San José de Maipo ( Porter 1924) ; 1♂, Los Queches, Laguna Aculeo , 1964, Leg. L.E. Peña ( MEUC) .

References. Philippi, 1865: 735 (desc.); Bigot, 1883: 83 (desc.); Williston, 1886: 316 (cat.); Reed, 1888: 300 (cat.); Kertész, 1910: 325 (cat.); Porter, 1924: 98 (cat.); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 168 (records); Stuardo, 1946: 129 (cat.); Fluke, 1957: 155 (incertae sedis); Etcheverry, 1963: 104 (cat.); Thompson et al., 1976: 83 (cat.); Camousseight, 2005: 92 (cat.); Marín-Armijos et al., 2017: 169 (cat.).

World distribution. Ecuador and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Coquimbo to Metropolitan region ( Fig. 144 ).

Altitudinal range. From inland valleys to precordillera ecosystems (300– 2,000 m.a.s.l.).

Biology and notes. Copestylum rufoscutellare is associated with native flora in the Mediterranean basin of Central Chile. Citizen scientists have observed this species in flowers of Q. saponaria (Chido Iglesias pers. obs.) and E. chiloensis (Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia pers. obs.). The species was described from specimens collected in Chile; however, the species was reported for Ecuador by Marín-Armijos et al. (2017) following an old work of Campos (1960). Considering this, new sampling is needed in order to validate the presence of this species in Ecuador. Copestylum rufoscutellare has lost some historic localities by changes in land-use due to urbanization and croplands in Chile, especially avocado crops. This species is considered EN by the Environmental Ministry of Chile (www.mma.gob.cl/clasificacionespecies).

Conservation status. EN under B1ab (iii) + 2ab (iii) using AOO = 44 km 2 and five historical localities (or subpopulation) remain (originally these were nine); EOO = 13,431 km 2.

Figures

FIGURE 144. Distribution map of Copestylum azurea (Philippi, 1865) (blue circles); Copestylum nigripes (Bigot, 1857) (red circles); Copestylum rufoscutellare (Philippi, 1865) (black circles); Copestylum saphirinum (Bigot, 1883) (green circles) in Chile.

FIGURES 134–139. Copestylum rufoscutellare (Philippi, 1865): (134) lateral view and (135) dorsal view, male (Photos by Vicente Valdés). Scale bars = 1.5 mm. Copestylum saphirinum (Bigot, 1883): (136) lateral view, female (photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 2 mm. Copestyllum scutellata (Macquart, 1842): (137) lateral view (photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 3 mm. (138) feeding on Porlieria chilensis I. M. Johnst., Alcones (photo by Esteban López), and (139) feeding on Prunus sp., Santiago (photo by Orlando Montes).