Alienobostra Zompro, 2001

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 309-403

Alienobostra Zompro, 2001

1. Alienobostra procoppi ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n. 2. Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904: 58) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

= Bostra amplectens Redtenbacher, 1908: 409 . syn. n.

= Calynda brocki Hausleithner, 1987: 178 , figs. 1–6. syn. n.

= Bostra jugalis Rehn, 1905: 72 . syn. n.

= Bostra longeoperculata Redtenbacher, 1908: 411 . syn. n.

= Bostra obtusecornuta Redtenbacher, 1908: 409 . syn. n.

Andeocalynda Hennemann & Conle, 2020

1. Andeocalynda aspericollis Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 307 , Fig. 4.

2. Andeocalynda banosense Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 309 , Fig. 5.

3. Andeocalynda carrikeri ( Hebard, 1919: 174) .

4. Andeocalynda comis ( Bates, 1865: 330, pl. 12A–b).

5. Andeocalynda decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 313 , Figs. 8–9 , 190C–D, 21B. 6. Andeocalynda densegranulosa Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 318 , Fig. 10. 7 . Andeocalynda lojaense Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 321 , Fig. 11.

8. Andeocalynda putumayoense Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 323 , Figs. 2B , 12–13. 9 . Andeocalynda tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 326 , Figs. 1 , 14–15 , 19A–B , 21C–D . 10 . Andeocalynda tuberculata Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 330 , Figs. 2A , 3 , 16–17. 11 . Andeocalynda viridipes Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 334 , Fig. 18 .

Aplopocranidium Zompro, 2004

1. Aplopocranidium waehneri ( Günther, 1940: 495, fig. 18).

Bostriana Hennemann, Conle & Valero, 2021

1. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939: 115) .

Calynda Stål, 1875

1. Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875b: 78 .

= Dyme discors Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 324 . syn. n.

= Dyme chiriquensis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 325 . syn. n.

2. Calynda coronata Carl, 1913: 34 .

3. Calynda quadrilobulata Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 329 .

Cladomorphus Gray, 1835

= Phibalosoma Gray, 1835: 42 .

1. Cladomorphus aborigenus ( Giglio-Tos, 1910: 40) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

= Phibalosoma rochai Piza, 1938b: 1 , fig. 2. syn. n.

= Phibalosoma marcelloi Piza , in litt.

2. Cladomorphus guianensis Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 16 , figs. 3. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835: 15 .

= Phibalosoma coronata Stål, 1875: 80 .

= Cladomorphus dilatipes Gray, 1835: 15 .

= Prisomera histrio Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 287 . syn. n.

= Phibalosoma lepelletieri Gray, 1835: 42 .

= Cladomorphus petropolisensis Costa, Mallet & Takiya, 2022: 9. syn. n.

4. Cladomorphus pleuracanthus sp. n.

5. Cladomorphus rubus (Saussure, 1861: 128) .

6. Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936: 98, fig. 1) [ Bacteria ]. stat. rev., comb. n.

= Phibalosoma paulense Piza, 1938a: 41 , fig. 2. syn. n.

= Cladomorphus trimariensis Kumagi & Fonseca, 2009: 41 , figs. syn. n.

= Bacteria tuberculata var. argentina Piza, 1939: 113 , fig. syn. n.

Cranidium Westwood, 1843

= Phasmilliger Carrera, 1960: 100 .

1. Cranidium gibbosum ( Burmeister, 1838) .

= Diapherodes (Cranidium) serricollis Westwood, 1843: 49 , pl. 61: 1.

Globocalynda Zompro, 2001

1. Globocalynda cornuta sp. n.

2. Globocalynda colombiae ( Hebard, 1919: 159, pl. 22: 5–6) [ Phanocles ]. comb. n.

3. Globocalynda cyrtocnemis ( Bates, 1865: 329, pl. 44: 10) [ Ceroys (Ceroys) ]. comb. n.

= Bacteria amazonica Bates, 1865: 330 . syn. n.

4. Globocalynda fallax (Giglio-Tos, 1898: 26) .

5. Globocalynda marcapatae sp. n.

6. Globocalynda nuptialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

= Dyme annulata Carl, 1913: 32 . syn. n.

7. Globocalynda ruficollis sp. n.

8. Globocalynda simplex (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 202 ).

9. Globocalynda unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 330 ).

Globocrania gen. n.

1. Globocrania culmus ( Bates, 1865: 331) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

= Bostra arcuata Redtenbacher, 1908: 408 . syn. n.

= Otocrania pleuracantha Redtenbacher, 1908: 424 . syn. n.

2. Globocrania emesa ( Westwood, 1859: 30, pl. 5: 3) [ Heteronemia ]. comb. n.

= Bostra imperialis Redtenbacher, 1908: 408 . syn. n.

= Pseudobacteria longipes Piza, 1938: 42 , fig. 1). syn. n.

3. Globocrania pruinosa ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411, pl. 19: 3) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

4. Globocrania tabida ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

Hirtuleiodes gen. n.

1. Hirtuleiodes caprella ( Westwood, 1859: 76, pl. 21: 3) [ Acrophylla ]. comb. n.

2. Hirtuleiodes gibbosus ( Chopard, 1911: 347, fig.) [ Hirtuleius ]. comb. n.

3. Hirtuleiodes granuliceps ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 167, figs.) [ Hirtuleius ]. comb. n. 4. Hirtuleiodes peruanus sp. n.

Hirtuleius Stål, 1875

1. Hirtuleius caudatus Chopard, 1911: 346 , fig.

2. Hirtuleius gracilis Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 21 , figs. 7–8. 3. Hirtuleius laeviceps Stål, 1875: 81 .

Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908

1. Jeremia grossedentata Redtenbacher, 1908: 425 , pl. 19: 4.

2. Jeremia gymnota Günther, 1930: 568 , fig. 10.

3. Jeremia megaplax Heleodoro , Lima & Oliveira, 2024: 435, figs. 1-7.

Jeremiodes Hennemann & Conle, 2007

1. Jeremiodes bolivianus Hennemann & Conle, 2007a: 3 , figs. 1–3, 11.

2. Jeremiodes colombianus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 177 , figs. A–D.

3. Jeremiodes costaricensis sp. n.

4. Jeremiodes ecuadoricus sp. n.

5. Jeremiodes guianensis Hennemann & Conle, 2007a: 6 , figs. 4–10, 12–13.

6. Jeremiodes laetus ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 364) .

7. Jeremiodes pachycercus ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 415) .

= Bacteria pichisina Giglio-Tos, 1910: 42 .

8. Jeremiodes peruanus sp. n.

Laciphorus Redtenbacher, 1908

1. Laciphorus capitatus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 315 ).

= Laciphorus lobulatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 351 .

= Bostra scabrinota Redtenbacher, 1908: 410 .

Lanceobostra gen. n.

1. Lanceobostra aetolus ( Westwood, 1859: 27, pl. 22: 3) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

= Bacteria quadrispinosa Redtenbacher, 1908: 419 . syn. n.

2. Lanceobostra chapalaense sp. n.

3. Lanceobostra deplanata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

4. Lanceobostra freygessneri ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 421) [ Phanocloidea ]. comb. n.

5. Lanceobostra frustrans ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 421) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

6. Lanceobostra glabra sp. n.

7. Lanceobostra guatemalensis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 405) [ Clonistria ]. comb. n.

= Bostra intermedia Carl, 1913: 40 . syn. n.

8. Lanceobostra jaliscensis ( Rehn, 1904 b: 514) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

9. Lanceobostra margaritata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 412) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

10. Lanceobostra mirata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

11. Lanceobostra oaxacae sp. n.

12. Lanceobostra ornata sp. n.

13. Lanceobostra similis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 412) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

14. Lanceobostra torquata sp. n.

15. Lanceobostra tridenticulata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

16. Lanceobostra tuckerae sp. n.

17. Lanceobostra (?) foliolata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 418) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

18. Lanceobostra (?) nova ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 417) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

19. Lanceobostra (?) simplex ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 418) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

Ocreatophasma gen. n.

1. Ocreatophasma elegans sp. n.

2. Ocreatophasma fragile sp. n.

3. Ocreatophasma modestum sp. n.

Otocrania Redtenbacher, 1908

1. Otocrania aurita ( Burmeister, 1838: 565)

= Otocrania imbé Piza, 1939: 445 , fig. 1. syn. n.

= Otocrania mutica Redtenbacher, 1908: 424 . syn. n.

= Phibalosoma phyllocephalum Westwood, 1859: 73 , pl. 33: 1.

Otocraniella Zompro, 2004

1. Otocraniella flagelloantennata Zompro, 2004b: 137 , fig. 3.

Parotocrania gen. n.

1. Parotocrania acutilobata sp. n.

2. Parotocrania cassicephala ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 300, figs.) [ Phanocles ]. comb. n. 3. Parotocrania curvata sp. n.

4. Parotocrania dilatipes ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutierréz, 2011: 303, figs.) [ Phanocles ]. comb. n. 5. Parotocrania panamae sp. n.

6. Parotocrania pastazae ( Hebard, 1924: 150, pl. 7: 1–3) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

7. Parotocrania regina ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 163, figs.) [ Globocrania ]. comb. n. 8. Parotocrania segmentaria ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 420) [ Phanocloidea ]. comb. n.

Phanocles Stål, 1875

= Paraphanocles Zompro, 2001: 198 . syn. n.

1. Phanocles acutecornutus sp. n.

2. Phanocles aequatorialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 419) [ Phanocloidea ]. comb. n.

3. Phanocles barbadosense sp. n.

4. Phanocles berezini sp. n.

5. Phanocles brevipes sp. n.

6. Phanocles burkartii ( Saussure, 1868: 65) .

= Bacteria sartoriana Kaup & Heyden, 1871: 29 .

= Bacteria zehntneri Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 . syn. n.

7. Phanocles chaperi ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 419) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

8. Phanocles chiapasense sp. n.

9. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002: 8 , figs. 1–6.

10. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n.

11. Phanocles decorus Zompro, 2001b: 17 , figs. 1–2.

12. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n.

13. Phanocles falcatus sp. n.

14. Phanocles horni ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 419) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

15. Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792: 639) [ Paraphanocles ]. comb. n.

= Phasma cornutum Lichtenstein, 1796: 78 .

= Phasma bicornis Stoll, 1813: 46 & 76, pl. 15: 57.

= Bacteria bellangeri Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 . rev. syn.

= Bacteria curvipes Redtenbacher, 1882: 207 , pl. 15: 9. rev. syn.

= Bacteria cyphus Westwood, 1859: 24 , pl. 7: 7.

= Bacteria maxwelli Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 . rev. syn.

16. Phanocles lobulatus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 306 .

17. Phanocles maroniensis ( Chopard, 1911: 345, figs.).

18. Phanocles maximus Hennemann, Conle & Cambra sp. n.

19. Phanocles mexicanus sp. n.

20. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 324 ).

= Bacteria bradypus Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 . syn. n.

= Bacteria integra Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 .

21. Phanocles obtusus ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 416) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

22. Phanocles pleurospinosus sp. n.

23. Phanocles ploiaria ( Westwood, 1859: 79, pl. 13: 4) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

24. Phanocles rehni sp. n.

25. Phanocles remphan ( Westwood, 1859: 22, pl. 23: 4).

26. Phanocles satyr ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 420) [ Phanocloidea ]. comb. n.

27. Phanocles saussurei ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

28. Phanocles significans ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 422) .

= Bacteria apolinari Hebard, 1919: 161 , pl. 19: 10–11.

29. Phanocles solidus sp. n.

30. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n.

31. Phanocles subvolans ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 416) [ Bacteria ]. stat. rev., comb. n.

32. Phanocles superbus sp. n.

33. Phanocles undulatus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 309 .

34. Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 420) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

= Bacteria innocens Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 . syn. n.

= Bacteria peruana Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 . syn. n.

= Bacteria redtenbacheri Brock, 1998b: 35 . syn. n.

35. Phanocles vosseleri ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 419) .

Phanoclocrania gen. n.

1. Phanoclocrania dorsuaria (Stål, 1875: 79) [ Bostra ]. comb. n.

= Bostra lobata Redtenbacher, 1908: 408 . syn. n.

= Bacteria monticola Carl, 1913: 1 . syn. n.

2. Phanoclocrania speciosa Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 312 .

Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001

= Bostra Stål, 1875b: 24 , 79.

1. Phanocloidea baculus ( Olivier, 1792: 638, pl. 132: 2) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

= Phasma arumatia Stoll, 1813: 41 & 76, pl. 13: 51.

= Bacteria pan Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 . syn. n.

= Phasma simplex Stoll, 1813: 45 , pl. 14: 55.

2. Phanocloidea globocephala Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 315 , figs. A–D.

3. Phanocloidea gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838: 567) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

= Bostra bifida Redtenbacher, 1908: 412 . syn. n.

= Bacteria tenella Redtenbacher, 1908: 417 . syn. n.

4. Phanocloidea ibaguena ( Giglio-Tos, 1910: 39) .

5. Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 326 ) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

= Bostra championi Redtenbacher, 1908: 410 . syn. n.

6. Phanocloidea incompta ( Rehn, 1904: 57) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

7. Phanocloidea laevigata Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 318 , figs. A–C.

8. Phanocloidea lanceolata Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 321 , figs. A–H.

9. Phanocloidea laticauda ( Bates, 1865: 329, pl. 40: 11a) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

10. Phanocloidea lobulatipes Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 13 , figs. 11. Phanocloidea magistralis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

12. Phanocloidea magnifica ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

13. Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) .

= Phasma (Bacteria) canna Haan, 1842: 101 . syn. n.

= Bacteria divergens Redtenbacher, 1908: 418 .

= Dyme dreyfusi Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 324 . syn. n.

= Bacteria imitans Redtenbacher, 1908: 419 .

= Bacteria nodulosa Redtenbacher, 1908: 416 . syn. n.

= Bostra reducte-dentata Redtenbacher, 1908: 409 . syn. n.

= Bacteria rubispinosa Serville, 1838: 224 . syn. n.

= Bacteria rufopectus Redtenbacher, 1908: 416 . syn. n.

= Bacteria sakai Bates, 1865: 332 , pl. 44: 1. syn. n.

14. Phanocloidea pallidenotata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 415) .

= Bacteria crassipes Chopard, 1911: 344 , fig.

15. Phanocloidea procera ( Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 7, figs. 1–2) [ Phanocles ]. comb. n.

16. Phanocloidea sagitta Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 325 .

17. Phanocloidea sanguinea sp. n.

18. Phanocloidea schulthessi ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 419) .

19. Phanocloidea semiptera sp. n.

20. Phanocloidea serricauda ( Bates, 1865: 331, pl. 44: 13a) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n.

21. Phanocloidea submutica ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 409) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

22. Phanocloidea tobagoensis ( Langlois & Bellanger, 2012: 98, figs.) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n. 23. Phanocloidea turgida ( Westwood, 1859: 28, pl. 8: 4 & 9) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

24. Phanocloidea vacca ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 408) [ Bostranova ]. comb. n.

25. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n.

26. Phanocloidea (?) dubia ( Gray, 1835: 34).

Spinocloidea gen. n.

1. Spinocloidea armata ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 127, figs.) [ Calynda ]. comb. n. 2. Spinocloidea fasciata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 323 ) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n. 3. Spinocloidea irregulariterspinosa (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 328 ) [ Bacteria ]. comb. n. 4. Spinocloidea magnifica (Hebard, 1923: 123, pl. 6: 7–8) [ Calynda ]. comb. n.

5. Spinocloidea panamaense sp. n.

6. Spinocloidea splendida sp. n.

7. Spinocloidea tumescens sp. n.

Trychopeplus Shelford, 1909

1. Trychopeplus laciniatus ( Westwood, 1874: 174, pl. 32: 4).

= Pericentrus multilobatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 352 .

2. Trychopeplus spinosolobatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 353) .

= Pericentrus appendiculatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 353 . syn. n.

3. Trychopeplus thaumasius Hebard, 1924: 148 , pl. 6: 8 & 9 (♀).

= Trychopeplus ortho-lamellatus Campos, 1926: 15 & plate. syn. n.

Xylodus Saussure, 1859

1. Xylodus ceratocephalus ( Gray, 1835: 15) [ Cladomorphus ]. comb. n.

= Xylodus adumbratus Saussure, 1859: 62 . syn. n.

= Phibalosoma michaelis Redtenbacher, 1908: 427 . syn. n.

8.4. List of taxonomic changes

1. Acrophylla caprella ( Westwood, 1859: 76, pl. 21: 3), here removed from Acrophylla Gray, 1835 and transferred to the genus Hirtuleiodes gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Hirtuleiodes carpella ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.10]

2. Alienobostra Zompro, 2001: 200 (Type-species: Calynda brocki Hausleithner, 1987: 178 ), here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

3. Andeocalynda Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 302 (Type-species Andeocalynda tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020b: 326 , figs, 1, 14–15, 19A–B, 21C–D), here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

4. Aplopocranidium Zompro, 2004b: 134 (Type-species: Bacteria waehneri Günther, 1940: 495 , fig. 18), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cladomorphini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

5. Bacteria aborigena Giglio-Tos, 1910: 40 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the g e n u s Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus aborigenus ( Giglio-Tos, 1910) → 5.7]

6. Bacteria aetolus Westwood, 1859: 27 , pl. 22: 3, here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra aetolus ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.15]

7. Bacteria amazonica Bates, 1865: 330 , synonymised with Globocalynda cyrtocnemis ( cyrtocnemis ( Bates, 1865: 329, pl. 44: 10) (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocalynda cyrtocnemis ( Bates, 1865) → 5.8]

8. Bacteria baculus ( Olivier, 1792: 638) , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea baculus ( Olivier, 1792) → 5.22]

9. Bacteria bellangeri Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 , re-synonymised with Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792: 639) (syn. rev.) [Valid name: Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792) → 5.20]

10. Bacteria bradypus Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 , synonymised with Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 324 ) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.20]

11. Bacteria chaperi Redtenbacher, 1908: 419 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles chaperi ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

12. Bacteria culmus Bates, 1865: 331 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Globocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania culmus ( Bates, 1865) → 5.9]

13. Bacteria curvipes Redtenbacher, 1882: 207 , pl. 15: 9, re-synonymised with Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792: 639) (syn. rev.) [Valid name: Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792) → 5.20]

14. Bacteria fasciata Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 323 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Spinocloidea gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Spinocloidea fasciata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.23]

15. Bacteria foliolata Redtenbacher, 1908: 418 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra (?) foliolata ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

16. Bacteria frustrans Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra frustrans ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

17. Bacteria gracilis Burmeister, 1838: 567 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

18. Bacteria horni Redtenbacher, 1908: 419 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles horni ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

19. Bacteria incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 326 ), here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.22]

20. Bacteria innocens Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 , synonymised with Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 420) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

21. Bacteria irregularitrerspinosa Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 328 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Spinocloidea gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Spinocloidea irregulariterspinosa (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.23]

22. Bacteria laticauda Bates, 1865: 329 , pl. 44: 11a, here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea laticauda ( Bates, 1865) → 5.22]

23. Bacteria maxwelli Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 , re-synonymised with Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792: 639) (syn. rev.) [Valid name: Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792) → 5.20]

24. Bacteria monticola Carl, 1913: 1 , synonymised with Phanoclocrania dorsuaria ( Stål, 1875b: 79) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanoclocrania dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) → 5.21]

25. Bacteria nodulosa Redtenbacher, 1908: 416 , synonymised with Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

26. Bacteria nova Redtenbacher, 1908:417 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra (?) nova ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

27. Bacteria obtusa Redtenbacher, 1908: 416 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles obtusus ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

28. Bacteria pan Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 , synonymised with Phanocloidea baculus ( Olivier, 1792: 638) (syn. n.)[Valid name: Phanocloidea baculus ( Olivier, 1792) → 5.22]

29. Bacteria pastazae ( Hebard, 1924: 150, pl. 7: 1–3), here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Parotocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Parotocrania pastazae ( Hebard, 1924) → 5.19]

30. Bacteria peruana Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 , synonymised with Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 420) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

31. Bacteria ploiaria ( Westwood, 1859: 79, pl. 13: 4), here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles ploiaria ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.20]

32. Bacteria quadrispinosa Redtenbacher, 1908: 419 , synonymised with Lanceobostra aetolus ( Westwood, 1859: 27, pl. 22: 3) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra aetolus ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.15]

33. Bacteria redtenbacheri Brock, 1998b: 35 , synonymised with Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 420) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

34. Bacteria rubispinosa Serville, 1838: 224 , synonymised with Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

35. Bacteria rufopectus Redtenbacher, 1908: 416 , synonymised with Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

36. Bacteria sakai Bates, 1865: 332 , pl. 44: 1, synonymised with Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

37. Bacteria serricauda Bates, 1865: 331 , pl. 44: 13a, here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea serricauda ( Bates, 1865) → 5.22]

38. Bacteria simplex Redtenbacher, 1908: 418 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra (?) simplex ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

39. Bacteria subvolans Redtenbacher, 1908: 416 , here removed from synonym with Phanocles ploiaria ( Westwood, 1859: 79) , re-established as a valid species (stat. rev.) and also removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles subvolans ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

40. Bacteria tenella Redtenbacher, 1908: 417 , synonymised with Phanocloidea gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838: 567) (s y n. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

41. Bacteria tuberculata Piza, 1936: 98 , fig. 1, here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 (comb. n.), removed from synonymy with Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 and reinstated as a valid species (stat. rev.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936) → 5.7]

42. Bacteria tuberculata var. argentina Piza, 1939: 113 , synonymised with Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936: 98, fig. 1) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936) → 5.7]

43. Bacteria virgulata Redtenbacher, 1908: 420 , here removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles virgulatus ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

44. Bacteria zehntneri Redtenbacher, 1908: 421 , synonymised with Phanocles burkartii ( Saussure, 1868: 65) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles burkartii ( Saussure, 1868) → 5.20]

45. Bostra amplectens Redtenbacher, 1908: 409 , synonymised with Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904: 58) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.1]

46. Bostra dorsuaria Stål, 1875b: 79 , here removed from Bostra Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus

Phanoclocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanoclocrania dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) → 5.20]

47. Bostra imperialis Redtenbacher, 1908: 408 , synonymised with Globocrania emesa ( Westwood, 1859: 30, pl. 5:3) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania emesa ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.9]

48. Bostra intermedia Carl, 1913: 40 , synonymised with Lanceobostra guatemalensis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) : 405 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra guatenmalensis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.14]

49. Bostra jugalis Rehn, 1905: 72 , synonymised with Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904: 58) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.1]

50. Bostra lobata Redtenbacher, 1908: 408 , synonymised with Phanoclocrania dorsuaria ( Stål, 1875b: 79) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanoclocrania dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) → 5.20]

51. Bostra longeoperculata Redtenbacher, 1908: 411 , synonymised with Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904: 58) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.1]

52. Bostra obtusecornuta Redtenbacher, 1908: 409 , synonymised with Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904: 58) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.1]

53. Bostra reducte-dentata Redtenbacher, 1908: 409 , synonymised with Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.21]

54. Bostranova Villet, 2023: 150 (Type-species: Bostra turgida ( Westwood, 1859: 28)) , here synonymised with Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001a: 196 (syn. n.). [→ 5.22]

55. Bostranova arcuata (Redtenbacher, 1998: 408) , synonymised with Globocrania culmus ( Bates, 1865: 331) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania culmus ( Bates, 1865) → 5.9]

56. Bostranova bifida ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 412) , synonymised with Phanocloidea gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838: 567) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

57. Bostranova championi ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) , synonymised with Phanocloidea i ncolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.22]

58. Bostranova deplanata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra deplanata ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

59. Bostranova incompta ( Rehn, 1904 a: 57) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea incompta ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.22]

60. Bostranova jaliscensis ( Rehn, 1904 b: 514) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra jaliscensis ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.15]

61. Bostranova magistralis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea magistralis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.22]

62. Bostranova magnifica ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferredto the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea magnifica ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.22]

63. Bostranova margaritata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 412) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra margaritata ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

64. Bostranova mirata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra mirata ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

65. Bostranova nuptialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Globocalynda Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocalynda nuptialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.7]

66. Bostranova procoppi ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Alienobostra Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Alienobostra procoppi ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.1]

67. Bostranova pruinosa ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411, pl. 19: 3), here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Globocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania pruinosa ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.9]

68. Bostranova remiformis ( Rehn, 1904: 58) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Alienobostra Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.1]

69. Bostranova saussurei ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles saussurei ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

70. Bostranova similis Redtenbacher, 1908: 412 , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra similis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.14]

71. Bostranova submutica ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 409) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea submutica ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.22]

72. Bostranova tabida ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Globocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania tabida ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.9]

73. Bostranova tobagoensis ( Langlois & Bellanger, 2012: 98, figs. 7–8, 31–36, 49–50), here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea tobagoensis ( Langlois & Bellanger, 2012) → 5.22]

74. Bostranova tridenticulata ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 411) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra tridenticulata ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

75. Bostranova turgida ( Westwood, 1859: 28, pl. 8: 4 & 9), here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea turgida ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.22]

76. Bostranova vacca ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 408) , here removed from Bostranova Villet, 2023 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea vacca ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.22]

77. Bostriana Hennemann, Conle & Valero, 2021: 2 , figs. 1–25 (Type-species Bostriana boliviana Piza, 1939: 115 ), here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

78. Calynda Stål, 1875b: 24 , 78 (Type-species Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875b: 78 ), here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

79. Calynda armata Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 127 , figs.A–B, here removed from Calynda Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Spinocloidea gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Spinocloidea armata ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011) → 5.23]

80. Calynda brocki Hausleithner, 1987: 178 , figs. 1–6, synonymised with Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904: 58) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Alienobostra remiformis ( Rehn, 1904) → 5.1]

81. Calynda dorbygniana Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 329 , pl. 14: 4, here removed from Calynda Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Xiphophasma Rehn, 1913 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Xiphophasma dorbygniana (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.5]

82. Calynda fiebrigi Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 329 , here removed from Calynda Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Paraleptynia Caudell, 1904 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Parleptynia fiebrigi (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.5]

83. Calynda lavis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 329 , here removed from Calynda Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Xiphophasma Rehn, 1913 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Xiphophasma laevis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) → 5.5]

84. Calynda magnifica (Hebard, 1923: 123, pl. 6: 7–8), here removed from Calynda Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Spinocloidea gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Spinocloidea magnifica (Hebard, 1923) → 5.23]

85. Ceroys (Ceroys) cyrtocnemis ( Bates, 1865: 329, pl. 44: 10), here removed from Ceroys (Ceroys) Serville, 1838 and transferred to the genus Globocalynda Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocalynda cyrtocnemis ( Bates, 1865) → 5.8]

86. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: 15 (Type-species: Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835: 15 ), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cladomorphini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

87. Cladomorphus ceratocephalus Gray, 1835: 15 , here removed from Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 and transferred to the genus Xylodus Saussure, 1859 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Xylodus ceratocephalus ( Gray, 1835: 15) → 5.25]

88. Cladomorphus petropolisensis Costa, Mallet & Takiya, 2022: 9, synonymised with Cladomorphus phyllinus ( Gray, 1835: 15) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus phyllinus ( Gray, 1835) → 5.6]

89. Cladomorphus trimariensis Kumagi & Fonseca, 2009: 41 , synonymised with Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936: 98, fig. 1) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936) → 5.6]

90. Clonistria guatemalensis Redtenbacher, 1908: 405 , here removed from Clonistria Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra guatenmalensis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

91. Cranidium Westwood, 1874: 49 (Type-species: Diapherodes (Cranidium) serricollis Westwood, 1843: 49 , pl.

61: 1), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cranidiini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

92. Dyme annulata C arl, 1913: 32, synonymised with Globocalynda nuptialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410) (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocalynda nuptialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.8]

93. Dyme chiriquensis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 325 , synonymised with Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875b: 78 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875 → 5.5]

94. Dyme discors Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 324 , synonymised with Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875b: 78 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875 → 5.5]

95. Dyme dreyfusi Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 324 , synonymised with Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

96. Globocalynda Zompro, 2001: 202 (Type-species: Calynda simplex Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 202 ), here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

97. Globocalynda brasiliensis (Piza, 1938: 4) , here removed from Globocalynda Zompro, 2001 and transferred to the genus Paraleptynia Caudell, 1904 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Paraleptynia brasiliensis (Piza, 1938) → 5.8]

98. Globocrania regina Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 300 , figs. A–H, here transferred to the genus Parotocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Parotocrania rehgina ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011) → 5.19]

99. Heteronemia emesa ( Westwood, 1859: 30, pl. 5: 3), here removed from Heteronemia Gray, 1835 and transferred to the genus Globocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania emesa ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.9]

100. Hirtuleius Stål, 1875: 29 (Type-species: Hirtuleius laeviceps Stål, 1875b: 81 ), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cladomorphini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

101. Hirtuleius gibbosus ( Chopard, 1911: 347, fig), here removed from Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Hirtuleiodes gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Hirtuleiodes gibbosus ( Chopard, 1911) → 5.10]

102. Hirtuleius granuliceps ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 167, figs- A–H), here removed from Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Hirtuleiodes gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Hirtuleiodes granuliceps ( Chopard, 1911) → 5.10]

103. Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908: 425 (Type-species: Jeremia grossedentata Redtenbacher, 1908: 425 , pl. 19: 4), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cladomorphini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

104. Jeremiodes Hennemann & Conle, 2007a: 2 (Type-species: Jeremiodes guianensis Hennemann & Conle, 2007a: 6 , figs. 4- 10, 12-13), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cladomorphini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

105. Laciphorus Redtenbacher, 1908: 351 (Type-species Laciphorus lobulatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 351 ) here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

106. Otocrania extensa ( Bates, 1865: 340) , here emoved from Otocrania Redtenbacher, 1908 and transferred to the Afrotropical genus Bactricia Kirby, 1896 [Valid name: Bactricia extensa ( Bates, 1865) → 5.17]

107. Otocrania imbé Piza, 1939: 445 , fig, synonymised with Otocrania aurita ( Burmeister, 1838: 565) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Otocrania aurita ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.17]

108. Otocrania mutica Redtenbacher, 1908: 424 , synonymised with Otocrania aurita ( Burmeister, 1838: 565) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Otocrania aurita ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.17]

109. Otocrania pleuracantha Redtenbacher, 1998: 424 , synonymised with Globocrania culmus ( Bates, 1865: 331) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania culmus ( Bates, 1865) → 5.9]

110. Otocraniella Zompro, 2004b: 137 (Type-species: Otocraniella flagelloantennata Zompro, 2004b: 137 , fig. 3), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cladomorphini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

111. Paraphanocles Zompro, 2001: 199 (Type-species: Mantis keratosqueleton Olivier, 1792 ), synonymised with Phanocles Stål, 1875 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles Stål, 1875 → 5.20]

112. Paraphanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792: 639) , here removed from Paraphanocles Zompro, 2001 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles keratosqueleton ( Olivier, 1792) → 5.20]

113. Phanocles Stål, 1875b: 28 , 81 (Type-species: Bacteria burkartii Saussure, 1868: 65 ), here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

114. Phanocles cassicephalus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 300 , figs. A–E, here removed from Phanocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Parotocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Parotocrania cassicephala ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011) → 5.19]

115. Phanocles colombiae ( Hebard, 1919: 159, pl. 22: 5–6), here removed from Phanocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Globocalynda Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Globocalynda colombiae ( Hebard, 1919) → 5.8]

116. Phanocles dilatipes Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 303 , figs. A–E, here removed from Phanocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Parotocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Parotocrania dilatipes ( Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011) → 5.19]

117. Phanocles procerus Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 7 , figs. 1–2, here removed from Phanocles Stål, 1875 and transferred to the genus Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea procera ( Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020) → 5.22]

118. Phanocloidea aequatorialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 419) , here removed from Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles aequatorialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

119. Phanocloidea freygessneri ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 421) , here removed from Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 and transferred to the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Lanceobostra freygessneri ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.15]

120. Phanocloidea satyr ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 420) , here removed from Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 and transferred to the genus Phanocles Stål, 1875 (comb. n.) [Valid name: Phanocles satyr ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.20]

121. Phanocloidea segmentaria (Redtenbacher, 9018: 420), here removed from Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 and transferred to the genus Parotocrania gen. n. (comb. n.) [Valid name: Parotocrania segmentaria ( Redtenbacher, 1908) → 5.19]

122. Phasma (Bacteria) canna Haan, 1842: 101 , synonymised with Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838: 564) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Phanocloidea muricata ( Burmeister, 1838) → 5.22]

123. Pericentrus appendiculatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 353 , synonymised with Trychopeplus laciniatus ( Westwood,1859) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Trychopeplus laciniatus ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.24]

124. Phibalosoma histrio Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 287 , synonymised with Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835: 5 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 → 5.6]

125. Phibalosoma marcelloi Piza, 1974: 68 , synonymised with Cladomorphus aborigenus Giglio-Tos, 1910: 40 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936) → 5.6]

126. Phibalosoma michaelis Redtenbacher, 1908: 427 , synonymised with Xylodus ceratocephalus ( Gray, 1835: 15) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Xylodus ceratocephalus ( Gray, 1835: 15) → 5.25]

127. Phibalosoma paulense Piza, 1938a: 41 , fig. 2, synonymised with Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936: 98, fig. 1) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936) → 5.6]

128. Phibalosoma rochai Piza, 1938b: 1 , fig. 2, synonymised with Cladomorphus aborigenus Giglio-Tos, 1910: 40 (syn. n.) [Valid name: Cladomorphus aborigenus ( Giglio-Tos, 1910) → 5.6]

129. Pseudobacteria longipes Piza, 1938: 42 , fig. 1, synonymised with Globocrania emesa ( Westwood, 1859: 30, pl. 5: 3) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Globocrania emesa ( Westwood, 1859) → 5.9]

130. Trychopeplus Shelford, 1909: 356 (Type-species Pericentrus multilobatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 352 ), here removed from Diapheromerini s. str. and transferred to the tribe Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

131. Trychopeplus ortholamellatus Campos, 1926: 15 , synonymised with Trychopeplus thaumasius ( Hebard, 1924: 148, pl. 6: 8 & 9) (syn. n.) [Valid name: Trychopeplus thaumasius ( Hebard, 1924: 148, pl. 6: 8 & 9) → 5.24]

132. Xylodus Saussure, 1859: 62 (Type-species: Xylodus adumbratus Saussure, 1859: 62 ), here removed from Cladomorphinae : Cladomorphini and transferred to Diapheromerinae : Diapheromerini s.l.: Cladomorformia tax. n. [→ 5]

9. Acknowledgements

We would like to express our thanks to the curators and staff of the following museums and institutions for access to their collections, providing useful information and the loan of specimens: Dr. Tony Robillard, Simon Poulain and Emmanuel Delfosse (MNHN, Paris), Dr. Susanne Randolf and Dr. Ulrike Aspöck (NHMW, Vienna), Dr. Jacques Cools and Jérôme Constant (RBINS, Brussels), Dr. Michael Ohl and Ulrike Dorandt (MNHU, Berlin), Dr. Peter Schwendinger (MHNG, Geneva), Dr. George Beccaloni, Judith Marshall, Ben Price & Ed Baker (NHMUK, London), Dr. George McGavin and Dr. Darren J. Mann (OUMNH, Oxford), Dr. Wolfgang Schneider (HLDH, Darmstadt), Dr. Klaus Schönitzer and Tanja Kothe (ZSMC, Munich), Dr. Herbert Strümpel, Kai Schütte and Ilona Rehmann (ZMUH, Hamburg), Dr. Matthias Borer & Dr. Seraina Klopfstein (NHMB, Basel), Dr. M. Müller (ETHZ, Zürich), Dr. Luc Willemse & Dr. Caroline Pepermans (RMNH, Leiden), Dr. Jason Weintraub, Dr. John Gelhaus & Dr. Daniel Otte (ANSP, Philadelphia), Dr. Erika Tucker (UMMZ, Ann Arbor), Royce T. Cumming (AMNH, New York), Dr. Roberto A. Cambra (MIUP, Panama City), Dr. Eliana Marques Cancello & Pedro Ivio Chiquetto-Machado (MZUSP, São Paulo), Dr. Jane Costa (CEIOC, Rio de Janeiro), Lucimar Gomes Dias (CEBUC, Manizales), Oscar Mahecha (ANDES-E, Bogotá), Dr. Sergio Orduz Peralta and John Alveiro Quieroz (MEFLG, Medellín), Julián A. Salazar (MHN-UC, Manizales), Carlos Sarmiento and Claudia Reina (ICN, Bogotá), Dr. Marta Wolff Echeverri (CEUA, Medellín) and Dr. Gerardo Lamas (MUSM, Lima). Dr. R. E. Woodruff and Dr. Michael C. Thomas (FSCA, Gainesville) kindly arranged loans of material from FSCA. Harald Bruckner (NHMW, Vienna) is kindly thanked for his efforts in taking pictures and measurements as well as providing label data of specimens in the Vienna collection.

The following governmental departments are thanked for arranging and issuing collecting and export permits.The Ministerio de Ambiente, Panamá and Dr. Roberto A.Cambra (Universidad de Panamá —Museo de Invertebrados G. B. Fairchild, Panama City) are very kindly thanked for issuing collecting and export permits in Panamá. The Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía—Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación, Costa Rica is thanked for the collecting and export permits in Costa Rica. Rosario Acero of the Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (INRENA) is thanked for obtaining collecting and export permits in Peru and thanks are also due to Dr. Gerardo Lamas (Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima) for his assistance in obtaining the permits. Dr. Juliane Diller and Erich Diller (ZSMC, Munich) are kindly thanked for the possibility to visit the research station Panguana in Peru, the immense support in arranging an expedition in 2004 and assistance in obtaining collecting and export permits. Collecting permit number 51574–3 for Itatiaia National Park, Ilha Grande and Serra dos Orgãos, Brazil was generously provided by the Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) and Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade (SISBIO) and we want to thank everybody involved. Dr. Jane Costa (CEIOC, Rio de Janeiro) was particularly dedicated and helpful in the process of obtaining the collecting permits in Brazil. Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Emilia Pañaherrera Romero and Margarita López Garcá (USFQ, Universidad San Francisco, Quito) are very kindly acknowledged for issuing collecting and export permits in Ecuador and the assistance in many ways. Thanks also go to Mateo Roldán and Nestor Paladines of Mashpi Lodge, Province Pichincha, Ecuador for their support during a stay in 2023.

We also wish to thank Paul D. Brock (NHMUK) for his tremendous help in many ways, e. g. providing photos of specimens from various museum collections and permit to use several of his pictures in this work. Kenji Nishida (Monteverde, Costa Rica) kindly assisted with obtaining collecting and export permits in Costa Rica and is particularly thanked for spending much time in taking pictures of specimens at the MNCR-A biodiversity collections (Santo Domingo, Costa Rica). Claudia Leal Rodrigues (CEIOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Cauan Augusto de Oliviera Antunes (CEIOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Victor Ghirotto (MZUSP, São Paulo, Brazil), Phillip Watzke Engelking (Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Assis, Brazil), Pedro Alvaro Barbosa Aguiar Neves (São Paulo, Brazil) and Pedro Ivo Chiquetto-Machado (MZUSP, São Paulo, Brazil) participated in the expedition to Itatiaia National Park in 2016 and were tremendously dedicated in helping to collect Phasmatodea , taking pictures and obtaining precious biological data. We also thank Yeisson Gutiérrez (CEBUC, Caldas, Colombia) for his great efforts in taking pictures and providing data and measurements of specimens in collections throughout Colombia. Heinz van Herwaarden ( Philippines) is sincerely thanked for generously donating his collection of phasmids that he collected at various localities throughout Ecuador in 1989. Yannick Bellanger (Trédias, France), Philippe Lelong (Sainte-Foy d´Aigrefeuille, France) and Toni Jourdan (Vallières, France) are thanked for providing data, information and photos of specimens collected by ASPER on the Lesser Antilles and in French Guiana, and Yannick Bellanger kindly donated eggs of Phanoclocrania dorsuaria to the first author. Thibault Rosant (French Guiana) is thanked for access to his personal collection to Toni Jourdan and allowance to take pictures of his specimens. Bruno Kneubühler (Luzern, Switzerland) kindly supplied eggs and specimens of Phanocles aequatorialis and Phanocles vosseleri . Mieke Duytschaever ( Belgium) generously donated captive reared specimens from her culture of Phanocles vosseleri collected at Tikal, Guatemala. Dr. Philip E. Bragg (Nottinghamshire, U.K.) kindly donated specimens of Phanocles chaperi to the first author. Allan J. E. Harman (Essex, England) is sincerely thanked for generously donating specimens and borrowing material from his personal collection to the first author for examination. Moreover, Allan Harman provided helpful information on the collecting locality of Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. and assisted in locating the original specimens collected by himself in the collection of NHMUK. Stéphane Le Tirant (IMQC) is thanked for sending eggs of Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. to the first author for breeding purposes and obtaining specimens. Sascha Eilmus (Leichlingen, Germany) generously provided pictures taken by him on travels to Mexico, Costa Rica and Panama along with helpful information. Special thanks go to Pablo Valero ( Germany) for his friendship and help in providing pictures and data, photo editing and helpful comments on a draft version of this manuscript.

Moreover, the first author wants to express his sincere thanks to his wife Eva Seidel-Hennemann for all her patience with his passion for entomology and writing time-consuming papers like this one, and her understanding and support in so many ways.

Finally, we want to thank four anonymous reviewers for reading this lengthy manuscript and providing critical but at the same time constructive remarks that markedly helped improving the higher-level classification section that frames this taxonomic work. Thies H. Büscher is sincerely thanked for his efforts in editing and help in improving this manuscript.

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PLATES 83–133

Figures

FIGURE 1. Previous and current classifications of the taxa studied.A. Cladomorphinae sensu Hennemann et al. (2016) showing the suggested dichotomy between Cladomorphini sensu lato (including Haplopodinae here introduced) and Cladomorphini sensu stricto, the latter of which are now classified as belonging to Diapheromerini. B-F: Comparison of previous and current classifications of the subfamily Diapheromerinae. B. Arrangement according to Zompro (2001a) showing the three tribes and seven generic groups within Diapheromerini; C. Classification according to Robertson et al. (2018), showing dichotomy within Diapheromerinae with only two recognised tribes, the Diapheromerini and Oreophoetini; D. Proposal by Cliquennois (2020), which has basically raised existing tribes to subfamily-level (Note: The four distinct Diapheromerinae lineages shown in E and F have already been considered with the preferable Libethrinae used for Oreophoetini sensu Robertson et al., 2018); E. Generally corroborating results of Bank & Bradler (2022) and Forni et al. (2022), the dotted branches indicate the unnamed sub-divisions within Diapheromerini; F. Classification according to the present study, which corroborates to E but provides rank-free names for the sub-ordinate lineages within Diapheromerini sensu lato and shows the position of Cladomorformia tax. n. (compare to Figs. 133A–B). The arrow between E and F alludes the accordance of the topology between these two classifications.

FIGURE 2. Map showing the geography of Central and South America and known distribution of Cladomorformia tax. n. Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893.

FIGURE 3. Terminalia of ♀♀: A. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859); B. Globocalynda ruficollis sp. n. PT [ANSP]; C. Spinocloidea panamaense gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; D. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; E. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; F. Bacteria ferula (Berthold, 1827) [Diapheromerini: “Bacteriformia”].

FIGURE 4. Terminalia of ♂♂: A. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; C. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) [coll. FH]; D. Xylodus adumbratus Saussure, 1859 [ZMUH]; E. Bacteria ferula (Berthold, 1827) [Diapheromerini: “Bacteroformia”; the white arrow indicates how stigmae VIII are shifted away from the anterior margin of abdominal segment VIII.

FIGURE 5. Terminalia of live ♀ of Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. showing an egg that is held by the gonoplacs and gonapophyses VIII and IX and ready for being flicked away.

FIGURE 8. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904): A. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), habitus dorsal view [ANSP]; B. ♀ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), habitus dorsolatera view [coll. FH, No. 0049–34]; C. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0049–59]; D. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), lateral view of terminalia [ANSP]; E. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), dorsal view of terminalia [ANSP]; F. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), ventral view of terminalia [ANSP]; G. ♀ (Costa Rica, San José), lateral view of terminalia [ZMUH]; H. ♀ (Costa Rica, San José), dorsal view of terminalia [ZMUH]; J. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), lateral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; K. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), dorsal view of terminalia [coll. FH]; L. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), ventral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; M. ♀ with small cephalic tubercles (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), head and prothorax in lateral view [ANSP]; N. ♀ with well-developed cephalic lobes (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), head and prothorax in lateral view [ANSP]; O. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), head and prothorax in lateral view [coll. FH].

FIGURE 9. Andeocalynda Hennemann & Conle, 2021: A. A. tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, habitus dorsolateral view [NHMUK]; B. A. tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, habitus dorsal view [NHMUK]; C. A. decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, habitus dorsal view [NHMUK]; D. A. decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♂ PT, habitus dorsal view [NHMUK]; E. A. tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♂ PT, habitus dorsolateral view [NHMUK].

FIGURE 10. Andeocalynda Hennemann & Conle, 2021: A. A. putumayoense Hennemann& Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, head, pro- and mesothorax in dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. A. putumayoense Hennemann& Conle, 2020 ♂ PT, head, pro- and mesothorax in dorsolateral view [MNHN]; C. A. tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, terminalia in lateral view [NHMUK]; D. A. tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, terminalia in dorsal view [NHMUK; E. A. tuberculata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, terminalia in lateral view [NHMUK]; F. A. decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♀ HT, terminalia in lateral view [NHMUK]; G. A. tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♂ HT, terminalia in lateral view [NHMUK; H. A. viridipes Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♂ HT, terminalia in lateral view [NHMUK]; J. A. viridipes Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♂ HT, terminalia in dorsal view [NHMUK]; K. A. viridipes Hennemann & Conle, 2020 ♂ HT, terminalia in ventral view [NHMUK].

FIGURE 11. Aplopocranidium waehneri (Günther, 1940): A. ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Río Ampiyacu), habitus dorsal view [MNHN]; B. ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Río Ampiyacu), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN]; C. ♂ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/ Nauta), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN]; D. ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, RíoAmpiyacu), dorsal view of head, pro- and mesonotum [MNHN]; E. ♂ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/Nauta), dorsolateral view of head, pro- and anterior portion of mesothorax [MNHN]; F. ♂ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/Nauta), terminalia in lateral view [MNHN] (Arrow indicates the bi-dentate apex of the poculum); G. ♂ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/Nauta), terminalia in dorsal view [MNHN; H. ♂ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/ Nauta), terminalia in ventral view [MNHN]; J. ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Río Ampiyacu), terminalia in lateral view [MNHN]; K. ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, RíoAmpiyacu), terminalia in dorsal view [MNHN]; L. ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, RíoAmpiyacu), terminalia in ventral view [MNHN].

FIGURE 12. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939): A. ♀, habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; B. ♂, habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; C. ♀ (captive reared from Bolivia, Dept. De Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra), terminal in dorsal view [coll. OC]; D. ♀ (captive reared from Bolivia, Dept. De Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra), terminal in lateral view [coll. OC]; E. ♀ (captive reared from Bolivia, Dept. De Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra), terminal in ventral view [coll. OC]; F. ♂ (captive reared from Bolivia, Dept. De Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra), terminal in dorsal view [coll. OC]; G. ♂ (captive reared from Bolivia, Dept. De Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra), terminal in lateral view [coll. OC] (Arrow indicated the digitiform posterolaterl process of abdominal tergum IX); H. ♂ (captive reared from Bolivia, Dept. De Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra), terminal in ventral view [coll. OC] (Arrow indicates the characteristic bi-fid apex of the poculum).

FIGURE 13. Calynda Stål, 1875: A. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 1047–1]; B. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 1047–2]; C. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♀ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0562–6]; D. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0562–13]; E. C. quadrilobata Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ♀ HT, habitus dorsal view [NHMUK].

FIGURE 14. Calynda Stål, 1875: A. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♀ (Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Monteverde), head and prothorax in lateral view [coll. AJH]; B. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), head and prothorax in dorsal view [coll. FH]; C. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), head, pro- and anterior half of mesohorax in lateral view [coll. FH]; D. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula), head and prothorax in lateral view [coll. FH]; E. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♂ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), head and prothorax in dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ grey colour form (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), terminalia in lateral view [coll. OC]; G. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ orange colour form (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH]; H. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ green colour form (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), terminalia in ventral view [coll. OC]; J. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♀ (Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula), terminalia in lateral view [ANSP]; K. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♀ (Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Monteverde), terminalia in dorsal view [coll. AJH]; L. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♀ (Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula), terminalia in ventral view [ANSP]; M. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♂ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), terminalia in lateral view [coll. FH]; N. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♂ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH]; O. C. bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♂ (Panamá, Prov. Chiriquí, Volcán Baru), terminalia in ventral view [coll. OC]; P. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♂ (Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, Corcovado N.P.), terminalia in lateral view [ANSP]; Q. C. coronata Carl, 1913 ♂ (Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, Corcovado N.P.), terminalia in ventral view [ANSP]. Arrow shows position of stigma VIII at anterior of tergum VIII.

FIGURE 15. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀ (Brazil, Espirito Santo), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0184–1]; B. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀ (Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Jedenfalls), habitus dorsal view [ZMUH]; C. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♀ (Argentina), habitus dorsolateral view [NHMW]; D. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861) ♀ (Brazil, San Antonio de Jesu), habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP].

FIGURE 16. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♀ HT (Brazil), habitus lateral view [MRSN]; B. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. ♀ HT (Brazil, Est. Bahia, Bana da Varzinha), habitus dorsal view [CEIOC]; C. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MNRJ]; D. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MNHU]; E. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861) ♀, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [MNHU]; F. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, head and pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum in dorsal view [ZMUH]; G. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MHNG].

FIGURE 17. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C.phyllinus Gray,1835 ♂ (Brazil,Santa Catharina,San Bento do Sul, RioVermelho), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0184–5]; B. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂ (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pirapora), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN] (Arrows indicate the diagnostic characters, i. e. the dorsal crest of probasitarsus, cephalic horns, dorso-apicla lobe of meso- and metafemora and distinct medio-dorsaö lobe of mesotibiae); C. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♂ (Brazil, R. G. Norie, Natal), habitus lateral view [MNRJ]; D. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♂ (Brazil, R. G. Norie, Natal), habitus dorsal view [MNRJ]; E. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂, terminalia in lateral view [MNHN]; F. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂, terminalia in dorsal view [MNHN]; G. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in lateral view [ZMUH]; H. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH]; J. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in ventral view [MNHU].

FIGURE 18. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835, terminalia of ♀♀: A. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, dorsal view [MNHU]; C. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, dorsal view [FIOCRZ]; D. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, ventral view [MNHU]; E. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861), lateral view [ANSP]; F. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861), dorsal view [ANSP]; G. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861), ventral view [ANSP]; H. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) HT of C. marcelloi Piza in litt., lateral view [ESALQ]; J. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) HT of C. marcelloi Piza in litt., ventral view [ESALQ]; K. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936), lateral view [USNM]; L. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936), dorsal view [USNM]; M. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. HT, lateral view [CEIOC] (Arrow and dotted line indicated the broken off gonapophyses VIII); N. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. HT, dorsal view [CEIOC]; O. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. HT, ventral view [CEIOC]. Arrows and dotted circles indicate the characterstic praeopercular organ thau is useful for species distinction.

FIGURE 19. Cranidium gibbosum (Burmeister, 1838): A. ♀ (captive reared from French Guiana, Petit Saut), habitus dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0470-11]; B. ♀ (captive reared from French Guiana, Petit Saut), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0470-11]; C. ♂ (captive reared from French Guiana, Petit Saut), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0470-8]; D. ♀, lateral view of head, pro- and mesothorax (captive reared from French Guiana, Petit Saut), habitus dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0470-4]; E. ♀, ventral view of head, pro- and mesothorax showing the distinct tubercular medio-longitudinal keel of the mesosternum (captive reared from French Guiana, Petit Saut), habitus dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0470-4]; F. ♀, terminalia in lateral view [coll. FH 0470-17]; G. ♀, terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH 0470-11]; H. ♂, terminalia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0470-9]; J. ♂, terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0470-9]; K. ♂, terminalia in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0470-9]. Pha = the spinulose phallus that is characteristic for Cranidium Westwood, 1843.

FIGURE 21. Globocalynda Zompro, 2001: A. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (E-Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/Nauta, C.E. El Dorado), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (Brazil, Est. Amazonas, Santo Antonio do Iça), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHU]; C. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♂ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Río Maniti, Santa Cecilia), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN]; D. G. cornuta sp. n. ♂ PT, habitus lateral view [NHMUK]; E. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/Nauta, C.E. El Dorado), intero-lateral view of basal portion of right mesofemur showing the bidentate lobe [MNHN]; F. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (Brazil, Est. Amazonas, Santo Antonio do Iça), intero-lateral view of basal portion of right mesofemur showing the bidentate lobe [MNHU]; G. G. cornuta sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view of head, pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum [MNHN]; H. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view of head and pronotum [ANSP]; J. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀, lateral view of head and pronotum [MNHU]; K. G. cornuta sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view of head,and pronotum [NHMUK]; L. G. marcapatae sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view of head and pronotum [MNHU]; M. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♂ HT, dorsolateral view of head, pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum [MNHU].