Phanocles pleurospinosus, Hennemann & Conle, 2024
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5DE4A9DD-99F7-4E23-AD50-58DC491BB75E |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87D9-FF37-D8FC-FF55-F0992A2BE184 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Phanocles pleurospinosus |
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35. Phanocles vosseleri ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 419) View in CoL [ Bacteria ]. HT, ♀: 52; Guatemala; 52. Phanocles vosseleri Br. [SMNS]. ( Figs. 55C View FIGURE 55 , 60J View FIGURE 60 , 65Q–S View FIGURE 65 , 93G View FIGURE 93 , 97J View FIGURE 97 , 99K View FIGURE 99 )
Remarks: The ♂ and eggs were previously unknown and are described from specimens originating in Belize and Guatemala below.
Distribution: Guatemala: Guatemala [SMNS]; Guatemala, Petén, Tikal [FH]. Belize: Belize, Toledo District, Blue Creek Village [USNM]; Belize, Belmopan, Green Hills [FH, OC].
Keys to the species of Phanocles View in CoL
♀♀ *
1. Metapleurae unarmed (at best tubercular).................................................................. 2
- Metapleurae armed with prominent conical spines; Costa Rica................................ .. pleurospinosus sp. n.
2. Mesonotum without spines.............................................................................. 3
- Mesonotum armed with several distinct paired spines; Ecuador............................................. decorus View in CoL
3. Thorax smooth (at best sparsely granulose)..................................................................4
- Thorax distinctly granulose, tubercular or spinulose......................................................... 12
4. Subgenital plate elongated and surpassing tip of abdomen by> 1.5x length of anal segment............................5
- Subgenital plate short and projecting beyond tip of abdomen by hardly more than length of anal segment................ 7
5. Head with a pair of prominent conical horns; meso and metatibiae smooth dorsally.................................. 6
- Head unarmed; meso- and metatibiae prominently and irregularly lobed dorsally; Colombia.................... lobulatus View in CoL
6. Cephalic horns auriform and compressed laterally; praeopercular organ prominent, a pair of distinct scale-like lobes that project over sternum VII posteriorly; French Guiana & Suriname............................................. maroniensis View in CoL
- Cephalic horn conical and acutely pointed; praeopercular organ obscure, only a black marking with a small central peg-like protunberance; Bolivia & E-Ecuador....................................................... acutecornutus sp. n.
7. Abdominal tergum VII with lateral margins at best weakly deflexed posteriorly.................................... 8
- Abdominal tergum VII with a distinct, rounded posterolateral lobe; Ecuador............................. falcatus sp. n.
8. Head unarmed or at best with a pair of small spines...........................................................9
- Head armed with a prominent pair of laterally compressed, angularly semi-circular lobes; E-Peru.............. .. virgulatus
9. Head elongate-ovoid and> 1.3x longer than wide........................................................... 10
- Head globose and <1.3x longer than wide.................................................................11
10. Very large (body length incl. subgenital plate> 190.0 mm) and slender species; mesothorax 8.6x longer than pronotum; Colombia.................................................................................... .. remphan View in CoL
- Smaller (body length incl. subgenital plate <185.0 mm) and stockier species; mesothorax only 7x longer than pronotum; Guatemala & Belize............................................................................. vosseleri View in CoL
11. Very large (body length> 220.0 mm); subgenital plate with apical portion roundly spatulate; meso-and metatibiae with a prominent rounded dorsal lobe at apex; Panama.................................................. maximus sp. n.
- Smaller (body length <210.0 mm); subgenital plate with apical portion strongly laterally compressed and canaliculated; no obvious apical dorsal lobe on meso- and metatibiae; Ecuador..................................... ecuadoricus sp. n.
12. Meso- and metanotum prominently spinulose; SW-Mexico................................................... 13
- Meso- and metanotum granulose to tubercular............................................................. 14
13. Back of vertex smooth; praeopercular organ formed by a closely spaced pair of spiniform appendices; meso- and metatibiae smooth dorsally................................................................................... horni View in CoL
- Back of vertex tubercular; praeopercular organ a single peg-like posteromedian protuberance; meso-and metatibiae with three ± distinct dorsal lobes...................................................................... mexicanus sp. n.
14. Subgenital very long, lanceolate and projecting over tip of abdomen by notably more than the combined length of abdominal terga VIII–X, lanceolate............................................................................... 15
- Subgenital plate shorter............................................................................... 16
15. Small (body length incl. subgenital plate <160.0 mm) and very slender species; abdominal tergum VII with lateral margins just slightly deflexed posteriorly; legs slender and unarmed; Mexico...................................... berezini sp. n.
- Large (body length incl. subgenital plate> 200.0 mm) and stocky species; abdominal tergum VII with lateral margins forming a prominent, rounded lobe; Ecuador........................................................... superbus sp. n.
16. Slender to moderately stocky insects with mesonotum> 6x longer than pronotum................................. 17
- Very stocky species with mesonotum only 5.3x longer than pronotum; Ecuador.......................... solidus sp. n.
17. Posterior margin of mesonotum flat...................................................................... 18
- Posterior margin of mesonotum swollen to form a tubercular transverse bulge; Costa Rica.................. costaricensis View in CoL
18. Head bi-cornute..................................................................................... 19
- Head unarmed; Panama......................................................................... subvolans View in CoL
19. Subgenital plate short and surpassing tip of abdomen by notably less than length of anal segment..................... 20
- Subgenital plate longer................................................................................ 23 20. Head with a distinct pair of spines or horns................................................................ 21
- Head only with a small pair of low conical tubercles; Costa Rica & Panama........................... spectabilis sp. n.
21. Meso- and metanotum nodulose / tubercular; lateral margins of abdominal tergum VII just very weakly dilated posteriorly. 22
- Meso- and metanotum granulose; lateral margins of abdominal tergum VII forming a prominent and obtusely angular lobe; Nicaragua................................................................................... rehni sp. n.
22. Largest tubercles of mesonotum node-like; praeopercular organ obscure; N-Ecuador...................... aequatorialis View in CoL
- Tubercles of mesonotum more acute; praeopercular organ formed by a pair of low, obtusely rounded lobes; Panama.. ploiaria View in CoL
23. Cephalic horns ± acute and higher than wide; sculpturing of thorax sparse and/or uneven........................... 24
- Cepahlic horns very obtuse, rounded and wider than high; thorax densely, distinctly and evenly granulose (granules black tipped); Brazil & Venezuela............................................................. satyr
24. Apex of subgenital plate broadened and angulard........................................................... 25
- Subgenital plate tapering with apex narrowly rounded to pointed............................................... 26
25. Stocky species (mesonotum 6.1x longer than pronotum); legs short (metatibiae only reaching posterior of abdominal segment V), stocky, carinated and with meso- and metafemora distinctly downcurved; praeoperculuar organ formed by two huge, elongate and foliaceous lobes; E-Peru.......................................................... brevipes sp. n.
- Slenderer (mesonotum 7.5x longer tan pronotum); legs elongate (metatibiae reaching abdominal segment VIII) and slender, not totably curved; praeopercular organ indistinct; SW-Mexico.............................................. saussurei View in CoL
26. Praeopercular organ indistinct; granules of thorax not white................................................... 27
- Praeopercular organ formed by a pair of large downward directed lobes; granules of thorax white Colombia..... significans View in CoL
27. Body length incl. subgenital plate <180.0 mm; lateral margins of abdominal tergum VII at best weakly arounded posteriorly. .................................................................................................. 28
- Larger (body length incl. subgenital plate> 190.0 mm); abdominal tergum VII with a ± distinct lateral lobe; W-Mexico (Veracruz ...................................................................................... burkartii View in CoL
28. Meso- and metanotum unevenly granulose; paired protuberances of the praeopercular organ distinct and acutely pointed or angular; Lesser Antilles............................................................................... 29
- Meso- and metanotum with scattered nodes; praeopercular organ only represented by a pair of shallow, rounded, rough swellings; Venezuela.............................................................................. chaperi
29. Lateral margins of abdominal tergum VII almost with only a very slight widening posteriorly; lateral margins of abdominal terga VIII–X straight; gonapophyses VIII not or jest very slightly projecting beyond anal segment.................... 30
- Abdominal tergum VII with a distinct rounded posterolateral lobes; lateral margins of abdominal terga VIII–X deflexed and obtusely rounded; gonapophyses VIII projecting considerably beyond anal segment with apex broadened and triangular; Barbados............................................................................. barbadosense sp. n.
30. Praeopercular organ form by two small spiniform projections; Trinidad & Tobago.............................. mutica View in CoL
- Praeopercular organ formed by two short angular ridges; Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada & Grenadines.............................................................................. keratosqueleton View in CoL
[* The ♀♀ of Ph. chiapasense sp. n., Ph. obtusus ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. and Ph. undulatus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 View in CoL are not known]
♂♂ *
1. Apterous............................................................................................ 2
- Alate.............................................................................................. 15
2. Poculum at best with a small and obtuse central protuberance....................................................3
- Poculum with a large, laterally compressed triangular, tooth-like projection; Mexico.......................... saussurei View in CoL
3. Median segment <2x longer than metanotum............................................................... 4
- Median segment almost 3x longer than metanotum; Venezuela............................................. obtusus
4. Anal segment not notably broader than terga VIII–IX......................................................... 5
- Anal segment strongly dilated and much broader than preceding terga............................................ 6
5. Median segment slightly shorter than metanotum; anal segment widened medially; SW-Mexico.................... horni View in CoL
- Median segment almost 2x longer than metanotum; anal segment widening towards posterior and trapezoidal in dorsal aspect; Lesser Antilles........................................................................... keratosqueleton View in CoL
6. Meso- and metafemora without conspicuous coloration........................................................ 7
- Meso and metafemora pale cream or straw basally and with a distinct black sub-basal transverse band; Costa Rica................................................................................................... costaricensis View in CoL
7. Abdominal tergum IX at best 1.5x longer than anal segment.................................................... 8
- Abdominal tergum IX distinctly elongated and almost 3x longer than anal segment; Mexico & Guatemala... mexicanus sp. n.
8. Poculum without a central protrusion.......................................................................9
- Poculum with a central protrusion or protuberance.......................................................... 10
9. Head without distinct dark markings; anal segment notched posteromedially; vomer asymmetrical with a curled dextral hook and a short digitiform sinistral point; Trinidad & Tobago.................................................. muticus
- Head with a black postoclar streak and an angularly C–shaped black marking on frons; anal segment with posterior margin angular; vomer slender and gradually narrowing towards apex; Peru..................................... .. virgulatus
10. Median segment shorter than metanotum.................................................................. 11
- Median segment longer than metanotum.................................................................. 12
11. Very delicate insects, mesonotum 9.5x longer than pronotum; meso- and metanotum smooth; Mexico (Chiapas)................................................................................................ chiapasense sp. n.
- Stockier, mesonotum only 7.5x longer than pronotum; meso- and metanotum with a fine medio-longitudinal carina; Guatemala & Belize...................................................................................... vosseleri
12. Vomer roughly symmetrical and gradually narrowed towards the apex.......................................... 13
- Vomer asymmetrical and with an additional small sinistral point near base; Barbados................. barbadosense sp. n.
13. Anal segment with posterior margin roundly angular or notched medially........................................ 14
- Anal segment tapering and narrowly rounded posteriorly; Colombia...................................... significans
14. Large (body length> 130.0 mm); median segment scarcely longer than metanotum; vomer almost symmetrical and gradually narrowing towards the apex; Mexico................................................................ burkartii
- Smaller (body length <120.0 mm); median segment almost 1.7x longer than metanotum; vomer asymmetrical and with an additional small sinistral point near base; Barbados........................................... barbadosense sp. n.
15. Head with a pair of tubercles, spines or prominent horns...................................................... 16
- Head unarmed; Colombia........................................................................ .. remphan
16. Alae at least reaching to abdominal segment III............................................................. 17
- Brachypterous, alae just slightly projecting over posterior margin of median segment; Panama................ .. subvolans
17. Head armed with a large pair of laterally compresed, carinate and auriform horns.................................. 18
- Head at best with a pair of tubercles or small conical spines................................................... 20
18. Mid and hind legs simple, slender; basitrasi not crested dorsally................................................19
- Mid and hind legs with various undulations; basitarsi with a triangular dorsal lobe; Colombia out a central protuberance, posterior margin indented medially and bidentate; cerci small and much shorter than anal segment; Bolivia & Ecuador.......................................................................................... acutecornutus sp. n.
- Head with a black postocular streak; poculum with a central protuberance and posterior margin triangular; cerci elongate, slender and as long as anal segment; French Guiana & Suriname....................................... maroniensis
20. Poculum with a conical central protuberance; Ecuador....................................................... 21
- Poculum roundly angular in lateral aspect and lacking a central protuberance......................................22
21. Anal segment tapering towards a narrowly rounded apex; vomer very elongate, slender and strongly arched... falcatus sp. n.
- Anal segment with lateral margins convex and posterior margin broadly rounded; vomer triangular in outline.................................................................................................. ecuadoricus sp. n.
22. Brown or grey insects; anal segment notably shorter than tergum IX............................................ 23
- Meso- and metathorax bright green; anal segment equal in length to tergum IX and almost 2x longer Than wide; Costa Rica & Panama................................................................................. spectabilis sp. n.
23. Head flattened and vertex only with a pair of shallow and obtuse swellings....................................... 24
- Head globose and vertex with a pair of acute but short conical spines; anal segment whitis dorsally; Panama........ ploiaria
24. Small insects (body length <100.0 mm); mesonotum with a few scattered node-like granules; meso-and metatibae simple; basitarsi slender; Ecuador..................................................................... aequatorialis
- Large insects (body length> 125.0 mm); mesonotum smooth; meso- and metatibiae with a rounded dorsal lobe at apex; basitarsi crested; Panama.................................................................... maximus sp. n.
[* The ♂♂ of Ph. berezini sp. n., Ph. brevipes sp. n., Ph. chaperi (Redtenacher, 1908) comb. n., Ph. cuzcoense sp. n., Ph. decorus Zompro, 2001 , Ph. lobulatus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 , Ph. pleurospinosus sp. n., Ph. rehni sp. n., Ph. satyr ( Redtenbacher, 1908) , Ph. solidus sp. n. and Ph. superbus sp. n. are not known]
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