Phanocloidea incolumis (Redtenbacher, 1908) Hennemann & Conle, 2024

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 245-247

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5DE4A9DD-99F7-4E23-AD50-58DC491BB75E
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87D9-FF54-D893-FF55-F22D2ACAE74D
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Phanocloidea incolumis
status

Treatment

Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) comb. n.

( Figs. 69A View FIGURE 69 , 72H View FIGURE 72 , 73L–M View FIGURE 73 , 76K–M View FIGURE 76 , 87A View FIGURE 87 , 96D View FIGURE 96 , 100H View FIGURE 100 )

Dyme incolumis Brunner View in CoL v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 326 .

Shelford, 1909: 348.

Pseudobacteria incolumis, Brock, 1993: 19 View in CoL .

Bacteria incolumis, Otte & Brock, 2005: 64 View in CoL .

Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 177.

Brock & Büscher, 2022: 510.

Further material examined [7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 45 eggs]:

GUATEMALA: 1 ♂: Guatemala, Balén , Mpto. San Cristóbal 1350 m, Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, 25.VI.1966, via. T. Taylor, BMNH(E)2005–98; Bacteria incolumis ( Brunner, 1907) , det. P.D. Brock [ NHMUK] ; 1 ♂: Guatemala: Alta Verapaz, Finca Canihor, April 2–6.1940,?, L.C. Stuart; Bostra championi Redt., Det. T.H. Hubbell ; UMMZ–191539 [ UMMZ] .

BELIZE: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 10 eggs: Source : Cristo Rey, San Ignacio, Belize 2001, Specimen bred, AR & DP James 2005 [ NHMUK] ; 1 ♂: Bred specimen, Ex Belize II IX 2007, AJE. Harman; A. Harman M. Salton Coll [ NHMUK] ; 1 ♂: Bred specimen, Ex Belize 8 X 2007, AJE. Harman; A. Harman M. Salton Coll [ NHMUK] ; 1 ♂: Bred Specimen , ex Belize, via A. James, 23.XII.2003, A.J.E. Harman; A. Harman M. Salton Coll. [coll. AH] ; 1 ♀: Bred Specimen, Ex Belize, via A + P. James , A.J.E. Harman, 28.II.2004; A. Harman M. Salton Coll. (coll. AH) ; 3 eggs: Calynda sp. ?, Ex Belize, 18.IX.2000, via A + P. James (coll. AH) ; 7 eggs: Calynda sp. ?, Ex Belize, via A. James [coll. AH] ; 25 eggs: ex Zucht: A.J.E. Harman (Essex) 2004; Herkunft: Belize, leg. A. & P. James [ FH, No. 0713–E] .

HONDURAS: 1 ♂: Honduras 1923, Tela, v–5, Guaimas district, 529, T.H. Hubbell; Bostra sp. near mirata Redt., Det. T.H. Hubbell 1949 ; UMMZ–191537 [ UMMZ].

MEXICO: 1 ♂: Yucatan, Mexico, Chichen Itza, Hacienda , vi–8–1932, E.P. Creaser; Bostra championi Redt., Det. T.H. Hubbell 1954 ; UMMZ–191540 [ UMMZ] .

Diagnosis: Females ( Fig. 69A View FIGURE 69 ) of this, the northernmost distributed species of the genus, strongly resemble those of P. magistralis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. from Guatemala and P. vacca ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. from an unknown locality. The long, lanceolate subgenital plate ( Figs. 73 View FIGURE 73 L-M) is also shared with the two Colombian species P. lanceolata Conle et al., 2011 and P. sagitta Conle et al., 2011 as well as P. schulthessi ( Redtenbacher, 1908) from Ecuador, but the spinose meso- and metapleurae ( Fig. 87A View FIGURE 87 ) readily distinguish P. incolumis from these three species. From P. magistralis and P. vacca these ♀♀ also differ by the notably more elongate head ( Fig. 72H View FIGURE 72 ), which is roughly 1.7x longer than wide (less than 1.5x longer than wide in magistralis and vacca ), presence a few small, scattered spines on the mesonotum, unarmed meso- and metafemora (two outer ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with a rounded sub-basal lobe in magistralis and vacca ) and not notably rounded dorsal carina of the basitarsi. Males are characteristic for the fairly distinct central protrusion of the poculum, almost semi-circularly deflexed lateral margins of abdominal tergum IX ( Fig. 76K View FIGURE 76 ) and very elongate, sub-cylindrical head, the morphology of the head. The poculum resembles the genus Lanceobostra gen. n. ( L. guatemalensis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. in particular). In general shape and morphology of the head ♂♂ closely resemble those of P. lanceolata but they readily differ by the strongly deflexed abdominal tergum IX.

Description. ♀♀ ( Fig. 69A View FIGURE 69 ): Long (body length incl. subgenital plate 185.0 mm) and slender for the genus with spinose meso- and metapleurae and a very long, lanceolate and apically pointed subgenital plate. Body surface very slightly glossy. Colour variable, the specimen in the AJH collection plain greyish mid brown with very faint darker speckles on body, the specimen in NHMUK yellowish green. Spines of the meso- and metapleurae dark orange with the tip black. Bases of meso- and metafemora dark brown and with a slight reddish hue ventrally in the specimen in the AJH collection and dark orange in the NHMUK specimen. Eyes dark reddish brown. Antennae dark ochreous dorsally and the basal portion with a blackish wash ventrally.

Head ( Fig. 72H View FIGURE 72 ): Very elongate, broadest at the eyes with the genae almost parallel-sided and roughly 1.7x longer than wide. Vertex flattened and with a faintly impressed longitudinal coronal line, behind the eyes with a pair moderately prominent conical spines, the sinistral one smaller than the dextral. Posterior margin angular and in median portion with a pair of small, rounded humps. Eyes small circular and their diameter contained more than 3x in length of genae. Antennae almost reaching to posterior margin of median segment. Scapus strongly flattened and almost 2x longer than wide, in dorsal aspect roundly rectangular with the lateral margins very gently rounded. Pedicellus subcylindrical and roughly half the length of scapus; very gently constricted towards apex. III slightly longer than pedicellus and almost 2x longer than IV.

Thorax: Pronotum shorter and narrower than head, roundly rectangular and about 1.6x longer than wide. Entire surface with an impressed longitudinal median line and a fine, gently curved transverse median sulcus, which almost reaches the lateral margins of segment. Mesothorax very elongate and about 8x longer than prothorax. Mesonotum with a fine medio-longitudinal carina and set with a few fairly small but pointed spines ( Fig. 72H View FIGURE 72 ); metanotum also carinate medio-longitudinally but only with a few scattered granules. Meso- and metapleurae each with a longitudinal median row of prominent pointed spines; on mesopleurae these are accompanied by several much smaller intercalated spines ( Fig. 87H View FIGURE 87 ). Meso- and metasternum obtusely tectate longitudinally and set with a few scattered granules ( Fig. 87H View FIGURE 87 ).

Abdomen: Median segment slightly shorter than metanotum, parallel-sided and about 3x longer than wide. Segment II a little shorter than median segment. II–VI roughly of equal width, parallel-sided and slightly increasing in length with VI almost 4x longer than wide. VII about as long as IV and gently narrower than previous. Sterna all faintly tectate longitudinally. Praeopercular organ formed by a pair of fairly small but pointed spines at posterior margin of sternum VII. Tergum VIII slightly more than half the length of VII and very gently widened towards the posterior, about 2.5x longer than wide. IX about two-thirds the length of VIII and 1.5x longer than wide. Anal segment slightly longer than IX, flattened towards the posterior and with a fine longitudinal median carina; posterior margin roundly truncatedd with a very small and faint median indention ( Fig. 73M View FIGURE 73 ). Cerci very slender, cylindrical and noticeably projecting over anal segment. Subgenital plate very long, keeled longitudinally, lanceolate with a pointed apex and projecting beyond apex of abdomen by almost the combined length of the four terminal terga ( Figs. 73L–M View FIGURE 73 ).

Legs: All moderately long and slender and entirely unarmed; only 1–2 very minute sub-apical teeth on medioventral carina of meso- and metafemora. Profemora noticeably shorter than mesothorax, mesofemora longer than metathorax and metafemora reaching about half way along abdominal segment V. Meso- and metafemora gently downcurved. All basitarsi slender and ± equal in length to remaining tarsomeres combined.

Egg ( Fig. 100H View FIGURE 100 ). Of moderate size, roundly angular in lateral aspect with the anterodorsal portion roundly convex and slightly gradually narrowed towards the notably flattened polar area. Capsule surface very minutely granulose, slightly shiny and unevenly covered with irregular, strongly raised ridges and keels; these particularly numerous, dense and most pronounced around micropylar plate and polar area. Micropylar plate slightly displaced towards the posterior and only about half the length of capsule, somewhat impressed and with the surface smooth but bulgy medio-longitudinally; shape oval with the posterior portion gently widened and rounded. Micropylar cup represented by a blunt, rounded tubercle near polar end of plate. Median line short but distinct. Operculum oval and with a prominent hollow capitular structure formed by membranous extensions of the outer margin; height almost half of capsule length. Colour of capsule mid or dull grey with the raised ridges and keels ochre to buff. Micropylar plate and polar area very dark reddish brown. Capitulum dull yellow to orange.

Measurements [mm]: length (including capitulum) 3.9–4.0, length 2.9–3.0, width 1.9–2.0, height 2.2–2.3, length of micropylar plate 1.2.

Comments. In captivity this species accepted bramble ( Rubus spp. Rosaceae ) as an alternative food plant (personal communication with Allan J.E. Harman). Fertilized eggs laid by an F 1 ♀ captive reared by A.J.E. Harman (Essex, England) failed to hatch.

Table 56: Measurements of Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 ) comb. n.

* the larger specimen in coll. AJH has the tip of the subgenital plate broken off