Globocalynda colombiae Hennemann & Conle, 2024

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 51-55

1. Cranidium gibbosum ( Burmeister, 1838: 575) . LT, ♀: 799, gibbosa Burm. *; Diaph. serricollis Westw. ; Pará, Sieber; Syntypus [MNHU]; PLT, ♀: Monstrosum n. Abdomen ovis scatebat. Sieb.; Pará, Sieber; Syntypus; 799 [MNHU].

= Diapherodes (Cranidium) serricollis Westwood, 1843: 49 , pl. 61: 1. HT. ♀: E coll. (1870-73) W.W.

Saunders, Purchased and pres. #73 by Mrs. F.W. Hope; Diapherodes (Cranidium) serricollis Westw. , Type; Type, Westwood Diapherodes (Cranidium) serricollis [OUMNH, No. 618]. (Synonymised by Charpentier, 1845: pl. 55)

= Bacteria clavigera Redtenbacher, 1908: 415 . LT, ♂: Lefebure leg.; Mus. Paris; Coll. Br.v.W., Bacteria clavigera Redtb. Det. [NHMW, No. 799]; PLT, ♂: 100. Phanocles clavigera Br. ; Muséum Paris, Guyane franç., Mélion 1864 [MNHN]. (Synonymised by Hennemann, Conle & Delfosse, 2007: 361)

Remarks: Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both sexes and the eggs were provided by Hennemann et al. (2007) and Hennemann et al. (2016). Body lengths: ♀♀ (incl. subgenital plate) 107.0-161.0 mm, ♂♂ 78.0-115.0 mm.

Distribution: Brazil: NE-Brazil, Est. Amapá, Serra do Navio [UFRJ]; N-Brazil, Est. Amazonas, Manaos [CEIOC, Carrera, 1960: 103]; NE-Brazil, Est. Pará [MNHU, NHMUK, NHMW]. French Guiana: French Guiana, Cayenne [MNHN]; French Guiana, Montagnes de Kaw [MNHN]; French Guiana, St.-Laurent du Maroni [MNHN]; French Guiana, St-Jean du Maroni [MNHN]; French Guiana, Nouveau Chantier [MNHN]; French Guiana, La Mana [MNHN]; French Guiana, Saül [MNHN]; French Guiana, Bsrrage de Petit-Saut [MNHN, FH, OC]. Suriname: “ Suriname ” [NHMW]; Suriname, “Jodensavanne” [RMNH]; Suriname, “Brakopondomeer” [RMNH]; Suriname, “Grandkreek, Lu. Bivak” [RMNH].

5.8. Genus Globocalynda Zompro, 2001

( Figs. 4B , 20–23 , 85 B-C, 89E, 98G, 102A)

Type-species: Calynda simplex Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 202 , by original designation.

Globocalynda, Zompro, 2001a: 202 , figs. 12–13, 82–83, 126–127. Zompro & Brock, 2003: 6. Otte & Brock, 2005: 146. Brock & Büscher, 2022: 512.

Bacteria, Bates, 1865: 330 (in part). Redtenbacher, 1908: 423 (in part).

Bacunculus, Giglio-Tos, 1898: 26 (in part).

Bostra, Redtenbacher, 1908: 410 (in part).

Bostranova Villet, 2023: 150 (in part).

Calynda, Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 329 (in part). Giglio-Tos, 1910: 32. Brock, 1997: 301. Brock, 1998: 58, 64. Otte & Brock, 2005: 80 (in part).

Dyme, Carl, 1913: 32 .

Heteronemia, Kirby, 1904: 349 . Otte & Brock, 2005: 157 (in part).

Description. ♀, ♂ ( Figs. 20–23 ): Medium-sized (body length ♂♂ 68.0–100.0 mm, ♀♀ including subgenital plate 120.0–164.0 mm), slender members of Cladomorphini with a short median segment, that is no longer than half the length of the metanotum. ♂♂ apterous. Body surface of both sexes mostly smooth and slightly shiny (♂♂ in particular); ♀♀ may have granules and tubercles on the thoracic segments. Colour of ♀♀ ranging from green over ochre to various shades of brown; ♂♂ mostly multi-chromatic with the meso- and metathorax coloured different from rest of body and often with a black posterior band on abdominal segments. Head ovoid, always unarmed in ♂♂, either unarmed ( Figs. 21 H–J ) or moderately bi-cornute in ♀♀ ( Fig. 21G ); at best 1.5x longer than wide. Antennae very long and filiform, longer than head and complete thorax in ♀♀, at least three-quarters the length of body in ♂♂. Scapus ± compressed dorsoventrally (more distinctly in ♀♀), roundly rectangular in dorsal aspect and longer than wide with lateral margins ± rounded in ♀♀. Pedicellus sub-globoseto cylindrical, shorter than scapus; antennomere III notably longer than pedicellus. Pronotum somewhat shorter and narrower than head, roughly rectangular and longer than wide. Mesothorax> 6x longer than prothorax. Meso- and metanotum of both sexes with a ± developed longitudinal median line (usually more decided in ♂♂); in ♀♀ mesonotum often with a few small granules along lateral margins and may be sparsely supplied with nodes or small tubercles. Meso- and metasternum carinate medio-longitudinally in ♂♂, simple in ♀♀ ( Figs. 85B–C ). Abdomen excluding median segment roughly equal in length to head and complete thorax taken together. Median segment short and at best half as long as metanotum; longer than wide (exception G. colombiae ( Hebard, 1919) comb. n. → see comments on this species below). Abdominal segment II a little longer than median segment. Segments II–VI all considerably longer than wide and ± parallel-sided. Tergum VII parallel-sided in ♀♀. Abdominal sterna II–VII smooth, praeopercular organ in ♀♀ very indistinct and at best formed by a small wart-like median tubercle some distance before posterior margin of sternum VII ( Fig. 89E ). Terminalia of ♀♀ ( Figs. 4B , 22D–O ): Terga VIII–X considerably shorter and slightly narrower than preceding, roughly of uniform width and taken together hardly longer than VII. Anal segment roughly as long as IX with posterior margin rounded or angular and not sinuate. Cerci very small and ± conical. Epiproct small and slightly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Gonoplacs enlarged, spatulate to paddle-shaped, strongly compressed laterally, carinate dorsally and ventrally and at least reaching to apex of anal segment (often slightly projecting, Fig. 4B ). Gonapophyses VIII longer than gonoplacs, slender and slightly reaching beyond apex of anal segment. Subgenital plate elongate, naviculate and projecting beyond apex of abdomen by at least the length of anal segment (often much longer); apex ranging from acute to obtusely rounded. Terminalia of ♂♂ ( Figs. 23A–T ): Terga VIII–X ± club-shaped, much shorter than preceding and taken together at best very scarcely longer than VII. VIII very short, distinctly trapezoidal and strongly broadened towards the posterior with posterior margin at least 1.3x wider than anterior margin; anterior portion constricted and posterior portion ± inflated. IX longer than VIII with the dorsal surface ± convex longitudinally; the lateral margins roughly straight and at beast weakly deflexed. Anal segment distinctly shorter than IX, wider than long and strongly descendant towards the posterior; the posterior margin with a ± distinct median emargination and the outer angles protruded into a rounded to sub-spherical process; this set with several small black teeth ventrally. Epiproct very small and mostly concealed under anal segment. Vomer small, a broadly triangular plate with a single terminal hook. Cerci elongate, ± as long as anal segment and downward directed with apex club-like, or hook-like and angled inward. Poculum large and bulgy, strongly convex, rounded to rectangular in lateral aspect and ± reaching to apex of anal segment; the vertical posterior portion carinate medio-longitudinally and the posterior margin specialised, ± protruded and triangular, often notched medially. Legs all ± long and slender, profemora slightly longer than mesothorax, mesofemora longer than metathorax, and metatibiae almost reaching tip of anal segment (♀♀) or distinctly projecting beyond apex of abdomen (♂♂); tibiae slightly longer than corresponding femora. Profemora with anterodorsal carina strongly raised and the medioventral carina distinct, lamellate and considerably displaced towards anteroventral carina (♀♀ in particular). Meso- and metafemora and all tibiae trapezoidal in cross-section with the medioventral carina centric. Meso- and metafemora in both sexes often with a few minute sub-apical teeth on the two outer ventral carinae. Legs otherwise wholly unarmed in ♂♂ but in ♀♀ the meso- and metafemora occasionally with a sub-apical lobe on posterodorsal carina and a sub-basal lobe on the two outer ventral carinae ( Figs. 21 E-F). Basitarsi longer than following three tarsomeres combined (relatively longer in ♂♂); in ♂♂ slender, in ♀♀ slender or crested dorsally.

Eggs ( Fig. 98G ). Moderately sized (capsule length <3.5 mm), capsule ovoid to roundly rectangular in lateral aspect, laterally compressed and distinctly oval in cross-section; about 1.3x longer than high. Dorsal surface strongly convex and roundly angular in anterior portion. Capsule surface almost smooth and strongly glossy. Micropylar plate elongate, parallel-sided, at best two-thirds the length of capsule and> 2x longer than wide. Surface like capsule, but outer margin fairly broad and somewhat inflated. Micropylar cup represented by a small, rounded median granule near polar end of plate. Median line distinct and almost reaching to polar-area. Operculum oval. Capitulum a roundly convex open net-work of radially directed ridges. Colour plain dark brown, the micropylar plate surrounded by a broad area of dark ochre. Micropylar plate like capsule but the outer margin and median line mid brown. Capitulum dark orangey brown.

Differentiation. Closely related to Laciphorus Redtenbacher, 1908 with which ♂♂ principally share the morphology of the three terminal abdominal segments.The laterally compressed and slightly broadened gonapophyses of ♀♀ indicate relation to Laciphorus and Andeocalynda gen. n., as does the morphology of the eggs. Globocalynda however differs from both genera by the ovoid to slightly globose head, larger size and shorter median segment, which is less than half the length the metanotum. For a detailed comparison and distinction of these three genera see table 2 below.

Some species may at first glance closely resemble certain taxa of Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 but Globocalynda frequently differs from that genus by the shorter median segment of both sexes, that is no more than half the length of the metanotum, as well as the very short and posteriorly declining anal segment and large poculum of ♂♂, which projects considerably beyond the posterior margin of abdominal tergum IX and mostly ± reaches to the tip of the anal segment ( Fig. 23 ). An exception is represented by G. colombiae ( Hebard, 1919) comb. n., which has a median segment that is roughly two-thirds the length of the metanotum and in this aspect alone would key out as Phanocloidea ( Fig. 20F ). However, the morphology of the terminalia of this species, which includes a very short anal segment and a large poculum that reaches as far back as to the posterior margin of the anal segment violate the characteristics of Phanocloidea and place this species in Globocalynda (→ see comments on this species below). The ovoid, smooth and glossy eggs of Globocalynda ( Fig. 98G ) differ fundamentally from the angular and conspicuously sculptured egg capsules seen throughout Phanocloidea and moreover lack the tall, membranous and hollow capitular structure typical for eggs of Phanocloidea .

Comments. Zompro (2001: 202) placed his Globocalynda in his “ Bacteria group”, hence in close relation to the genera Bacteria Berthold, 1827 , Paracalynda Zompro, 2001 and Calynda Stål, 1875 . The postulated close relation to the two first genera is however not supported by this study. Morphological characters clearly assign Globocalynda to Cladomorformia and suggest close relation to Laciphorus Redtenbacher, 1908 (see Hennemann & Conle, 2020a) and Andeocalynda Hennemann & Conle, 2020 .

Globocalynda brasiliensis (Piza, 1938: 4) was originally placed in Phthoa Karsch, 1898 (Type-species: Phthoa prolixa Karsch, 1898 ), an exceptionally African genus, and erroneously transferred to Globocalynda by Zompro & Domenico (2005: 256). These authors mentioned “The head is too long for a Globocalynda Zompro, 2001 , possibly a new genus is required” but in fact, the short antennae place this species in the Neotropical Paraleptynia Caudell, 1904 (Type-species: Paraleptynia fosteri Caudell, 1904 ), which therefore becomes Paraleptynia brasiliensis (comb. n.).

Distribution ( Fig. 102A ). Western South America ( Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia) east of the Andes but also with one record from Guyana. The distribution of this genus is obviously still fractionally known but appears to comprise most of the Amazonian and Chacoan Subregions of the Neotropical Region as well as portions of the South American transition zone (see Morrone, 2006: 480 ff, fig. 2).

Table 2: Comparison of Globocalynda Zompro, 2001 , Laciphorus Redtenbacher, 1908 and Andeocalynda Hennemann & Conle, 2020

Table 2: (continued)

* exception G. colombiae ( Hebard, 1919) comb. n.

Species included:

Figures

FIGURE 4. Terminalia of ♂♂: A. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; C. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) [coll. FH]; D. Xylodus adumbratus Saussure, 1859 [ZMUH]; E. Bacteria ferula (Berthold, 1827) [Diapheromerini: “Bacteroformia”; the white arrow indicates how stigmae VIII are shifted away from the anterior margin of abdominal segment VIII.

FIGURE 20. Globocalynda Zompro, 2001: A. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀ (Bolivia, Prov. Sara), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHU]; B. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂ (Bolivia, Prov. Sara, Yungas de la Paz), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHU]; C. G. nuptialis (Carl, 1913) ♂ HT [MHNG]; D. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♂ HT, habitus dorsolateral view [MNHU]; E. G. marcapatae sp. n. ♂ HT, habitus dorsolateral view [NHMW]; F. G. colombiae (Hebard, 1919) ♂, habitus lateral view [CEBUC, © Yeisson Gutiérrez].

FIGURE 21. Globocalynda Zompro, 2001: A. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (E-Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/Nauta, C.E. El Dorado), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (Brazil, Est. Amazonas, Santo Antonio do Iça), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHU]; C. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♂ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Río Maniti, Santa Cecilia), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN]; D. G. cornuta sp. n. ♂ PT, habitus lateral view [NHMUK]; E. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos/Nauta, C.E. El Dorado), intero-lateral view of basal portion of right mesofemur showing the bidentate lobe [MNHN]; F. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀ (Brazil, Est. Amazonas, Santo Antonio do Iça), intero-lateral view of basal portion of right mesofemur showing the bidentate lobe [MNHU]; G. G. cornuta sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view of head, pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum [MNHN]; H. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view of head and pronotum [ANSP]; J. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀, lateral view of head and pronotum [MNHU]; K. G. cornuta sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view of head,and pronotum [NHMUK]; L. G. marcapatae sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view of head and pronotum [MNHU]; M. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♂ HT, dorsolateral view of head, pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum [MNHU].

FIGURE 22. Globocalynda Zompro, 2001: A. G. cornuta sp. n. ♀ HT, habitus dorsolateral view [NHMUK]; B. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT, habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; C. G. fallax (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♂ (Ecuador, Prov. Morona-Santiago, Tucumbatza), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN]; D. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀, lateral view of terminalia [MNHU]; E. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀, dorsal view of terminalia [MNHU]; F. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀, ventral view of terminalia [MNHU]; G. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view of terminalia [ANSP]; H. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsal view of terminalia [ANSP]; J. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT, ventral view of terminalia [ANSP]; K. G. cornuta sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view of terminalia [MNHN] (Arrow indicated the distinctive posteromedian swelling of abdominal tergum VI); L. G. cornuta sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view of terminalia [MNHN]; M. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀, lateral view of terminalia [ANSP]; N. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀, dorsal view of terminalia [MNHN]; O. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) ♀, ventral view of terminalia [MNHN].

FIGURE 23. Globocalynda Zompro, 2001 terminalia of ♂♂: A. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [MNHU]; B. G. unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [MNHU]; C. G. nuptialis (Carl, 1913) ♂ HT, lateral view [MHNG]; D. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♂ HT, lateral view [MNHU]; E. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♂ HT, dorsal view [MNHU]; F. G. ruficollis sp. n. ♂ HT, ventral view [MNHU]; G. G. colombiae (Hebard, 1919), lateral view [CEBUC, © Yeisson Gutiérrez]; H. G. colombiae (Hebard, 1919), ventral view [CEBUC, © Yeisson Gutiérrez]; J. G. colombiae (Hebard, 1919), dorsal view [CEBUC, © Yeisson Gutiérrez]; K. G. colombiae (Hebard, 1919), anal segment and poculum in caudal view [CEBUC, © Yeisson Gutiérrez]; L. G. marcapatae sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [MNHU]; M. G. marcapatae sp. n. ♂ PT, latero-caudal view of tip of abdomen [MNHU]; N. G. fallax (Giglio-Tos, 1910), lateral view [MNHN]; O. G. cornuta sp. n. ♂ PT, terminalia in lateral view [NHMUK]; P. G. cornuta sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [NHMUK]; Q. G. cornuta sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [NHMUK]; R. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865), lateral view [MNHN]; S. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865), dorsal view [MNHN]; T. G. cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865), ventral view [MNHN].

FIGURE 85. Mesosternum: A. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939) ♀ [coll. OC]; B. Globocalynda ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT [ANSP]; C. Globocalynda unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀ Prov. Sara, Bolivia [MNHU]; D. Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ Volcán Baru, Chiriqui, Panamá [coll. FH]; E. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) ♀ Surubres nr. San Mateo, Costa Rica [ANSP]; F. Lanceobostra aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀ Venvidio, Sinaloa, Mexico [ANSP]; G. Lanceobostra deplanata (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ HT [NHMUK]; H. Lanceobostra freygessneri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ HT [MHNG]; J. Lanceobostra similis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ HT [NHMUK]; K. Ocreatophasma elegans gen. n., sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]; L. Ocreatophasma modestum gen. n., sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]; M. Ocreatophasma fragile gen. n., sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 89. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀: A. Andeocalynda decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 PT [coll. FH]; B. Andeocalynda tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 PT [coll. FH]; C. Andeocalynda densegranulosa Hennemann & Conle, 2020 HT [ZSMC]; D. Andeocalynda tuberculata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 HT [NHMUK]; E. Globocalynda cyrtocnemis (Bates, 1865) [MNHU]; F. Aplopocranidium waehneri (Günther, 1940) [MNHN]; G. Jeremia gymnota Günther, 1930 HT [MNHU]; H. Jeremiodes colombianus Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 HT [CEUA]; J. Jeremiodes guianensis Hennemann & Conle, 2007 HT [MNHN]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 98. Eggs: A. Andeocalynda decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 [coll. FH]; B. Andeocalynda tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 [coll. FH]; C. Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875 [coll. FH]; D. Calynda coronata Carl, 1913 [coll. FH]; E. Spinocloidea panamaense gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; F. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939) [coll. FH]; G. Globocalynda unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ex abdomen PLT of Globocalynda simplex (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; H. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; J. Cladomorphus tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) [coll. FH]; K. Jeremia gymnota Günther, 1930 [ZSMC]; L. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) Costa Rica, Monteverde [coll. FH]; M. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) Costa Rica, San Mateo [ANSP]; N. Lanceobostra aetolus (Westwood, 1859) [ANSP]; O. Globocrania culmus (Bates, 1865) [MZUSP, © Pedro Ivo Chiquetto-Machado]; P. Globocrania tabida (Redtenbacher, 1908) Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia N.P. [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]

FIGURE 102. Maps showing the known distributions of the genera A. Globocalynda Zompro, 2001, B. Globocrania gen. n., C. Hirtuleiodes gen. n., D. Hirtuleius Stål, 1875, E. Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908 and F. Jeremiodes Hennemann & Conle, 2007.