Lanceobostra, Hennemann & Conle, 2024

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 92-96

1. Laciphorus capitatus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 315 ) [ Ocnophila ]. LT, ♂: 600/81, Lima, Perou, Anc. Coll.; Ocnophila capitata Br. [MHNG]; PLT, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♂ (penultimate instar): 600/81, Lima, Perou, Anc. Coll.; Ocnophila capitata Br. [MHNG].

= Laciphorus lobulatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 351 . HT, ♀: Coll. Br. v. W., Lima ( Peru), ex. Mus. Genf; det. Redtenb. Bostra scabrinota ; 22.756; Bostra scabrinota Redt. Type! [NHMW, No. 794]. (Synonymised by Hennemann & Conle, 2020a: 5) = Bostra scabrinota Redtenbacher, 1908: 410 . HT, ♀: Coll. Br. v. W., Lima ( Peru), ex. Mus. Genf; det. Redtenb. Bostra scabrinota ; 22.756; Bostra scabrinota Redt. Type [NHMW, No. 794]. (Junior objective synonym of Laciphorus lobulatus Redtenbacher, 1908: 351 ; synonymised by Hennemann & Conle, 2020a: 5).

Distribution: W-Peru, Province Lima, Lima [ANSP, MHNG, NHMW]; W-Peru, Province Lima, Lima, 136 m [ANSP]; WPeru, Province Lima, Lomas de Lúcumo (Lomas de Pachacamac), Valle de Lurín, Quebrada Verde [ANSP; Aguilar, 1970: 4]; W-Peru, Province Lima, Matucana, 2000 m [MNHN]; Peru, Province Huanta, Huanta ca. 2600 m [USNM].

5.15. Genus Lanceobostra gen. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FEB52C83-AA6B-4245-ACA3-AED97D15D3F8

( Figs. 36–40 , 85F–J , 91A–C , 95C–F , 98N , 103B )

Type-species: Bacteria aetolus Westwood, 1859: 27 , pl. 22: 3, by present designation.

Bacteria, Gray, 1835: 43 .

Westwood, 1859: 27, pl. 22: 3 (in part). Redtenbacher, 1908: 412 (in part).

Shelford, 1909: 363 (in part).

Otte & Brock, 2005: 61 (in part).

Brock & Büscher, 2022: 510 (in part).

Luna, 2022: 91 (in part).

Bostra, Redtenbacher, 1908: 406 (in part).

Shelford, 1909: 360 (in part).

Carl, 1913: 40.

Hebard, 1923: 193.

Brock, 1998: 64.

Otte & Brock, 2005: 72 (in part).

Brock & Büscher, 2022: 511 (in part).

Luna, 2022: 91 (in part).

Clonistria, Redtenbacher, 1908: 405 (in part).

Shelford, 1909: 359.

Zompro & Brock, 2003: 13.

Otte & Brock, 2005: 107 (in part).

Zompro, 2005: 264.

Brock & Büscher, 2022: 512 (in part).

Dyme, Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 326 (in part). Shelford, 1909: 348.

Novabostra Villet, 2023. 150 (in part).

Phanocles Stål, 1875b: 28 , 81 (in part).

Zompro & Brock, 2003: 15.

Otte & Brock, 2005: 262 (in part).

López-Mora & Llorente-Bousquets, 2018: 48 (in part). Phanocloidea, Zompro, 2001a: 196 (in part).

Zompro & Brock, 2003: 12, 26.

Otte & Brock, 2005: 263 (in part).

Description. ♀, ♂ ( Figs. 36–37 , 38A–C ): Medium to moderately large (body length ♂♂ 93.0–160.0 mm, ♀♀ including subgenital plate 116.0–188.0 mm), very lender Cladomorphinae with a median segment that is slightly shorter than the metanotum, distinctly medio-longitudinal carina or keel on the meso- and metasternum and ♀♀ with a very long and lanceolate subgenital plate. ♂♂ apterous. Body surface slightly shiny and smooth in ♂♂, in ♀♀ with the thorax ± granulose or tubercular and mostly with a longitudinal row of tubercles or spines on meso- and metapleurae (less decided on metapleurae). Meso- and metasternum with a distinct and acute medio-longitudinal carina or keel (more pronounced in ♀♀); mostly dark orange or red in colour. Colour of both sexes ranging from straw over various tones of grey to dark brown, often with whitish mottling. Males with the lower portion of genae and lateral surfaces of abdominal tergum IX ± distinctly white; head mostly with a dark longitudinal postocular streak. Head noticeably longer than wide, sub-cylindrical to elongate-ovoid, ± narrowed towards the posterior and broadest at the eyes; vertex flat in ♂♂, flattened or at best very gently convex in ♀♀. Head of ♂♂ unarmed and smooth ( Figs. 38J–O ), in ♀♀ either unarmed but mostly with a pair of ± distinct cephalic spines or horns ( Figs. 38D–H ); these horns sometimes composite and accompanied by further intercalated spines, the surface mostly smooth but may be sparsely granulose. Antennae longer than head and complete thorax in ♀♀ and about three-quarters the length of body in ♂♂. Scapus moderately compressed dorsoventrally, longer than wide and rectangular in dorsal aspect; not deflexed laterally. Pedicellus ± round in cross-section. III considerably longer than pedicellus. Pronotum ± as long but narrower than head, roughly rectangular and longer than wide. In ♀♀ meso- and metanotum usually set with a variable number of granules or tubercles and corresponding pleurae often with a longitudinal marginal row of tubercles or spines. Meso- and metasternum with a medio-longitudinal carina in ♂♂ and in ♀♀ with a distinct often contrasting ochre, orange or reddish medio-longitudinal keel ( Figs. 85 F-J); mesosternum ± granulose in ♀♀. Abdomen excluding median segment slightly longer than combined length of head and complete thorax. Median segment in both sexes slightly shorter than metanotum. Abdominal segment II a little shorter than median segment and shorter than following. Segments II–VII all considerably longer than wide, parallel-sided and of ± uniform width; II–V gradually increasing in length and VI–VII decreasing in length. VII shorter than preceding segments and mostly parallel-sided in ♀♀; rarely with a small to moderate lobe posterolaterally. Terga II–VII in ♀♀ smooth or sparsely and minutely granulose (II may be tubercular) and sometimes with a spiniform or scale-like posteromedian projection. Tergum VII in ♀♀ sometimes with a lobe posterolaterally ( Fig. 39C ). Abdominal sterna II–VII smooth in ♂♂, sparsely granulose and mostly with an indistinct medio-longitudinal carina in ♀♀. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀ formed by a pair of carinate swellings, spines or spiniform appendages at posterior margin of sternum VII ( Figs. 91A–C ). Terminalia of ♀♀ ( Figs. 39A–N ): Terga VIII–X in considerably shorter and narrower than all preceding segments and roughly of uniform width. Anal segment carinate longitudinally, longer than wide, variable in shape and the posterior margin usually with a ± distinct median indention. Epiproct very small and at best scarcely projecting over anal segment. Cerci small, conical and much shorter than anal segment. Gonapophyses VIII short and not projecting beyond apex of anal segment, just slightly longer than gonapophyses IX. Subgenital plate very long, naviculate, canaliculate and lanceolate in shape, projecting greatly beyond apex of abdomen; at least 1.5x longer than terga VIII–X combined. Terminalia of ♂♂ ( Figs. 39O–V , 40A–S ): Tergum VIII trapezoidal and broadened towards the posterior, IX with lateral margins either straight or ± deflexed and rounded; both with an obtuse longitudinal bulge laterally, notably shorter and broader than all preceding segments. Anal segment narrower than IX, notably longer than wide, ± descendant the posterior, variable in shape and with the posterior margin distinctly emarginate. Ventral surface of posterior margin set with one large or two separate thorn-pads. Epiproct minute and fully concealed under anal segment. Vomer well-developed and variable in shape, with prominent or two small terminal hooks. Cerci elongate, either club-like in shape or carinate dorsally and ventrally, longitudinally impressed interiorly, canaliculate and ± shovel- or paddle-shaped. Poculum moderately convex, bulgy, angular in lateral aspect with a distinct, ± prominent obtuse to acutely pointed, downward or posteriad directed central protuberance; reaching at best one-third the way along anal segment. Legs all long and slender (♂♂ in particular), profemora at best as long as (♀♀) or longer than mesothorax (♂♂), mesofemora longer than metathorax, and metatibiae not reaching (♀♀) or distinctly projecting over apex of abdomen (♂♂); tibiae longer than corresponding femora. Profemora with anterodorsal carina strongly raised and the medioventral carina distinct, lamellate and considerably displaced towards anteroventral carina (more pronounced in ♀♀). Legs unarmed in ♂♂ except for the occasional presence of a few minute sub-apical spines on medioventral carina. Meso- and metafemora in ♀♀ unarmed but more frequently with a ± distinct sub-basal tooth or dentate lobe on the two outer ventral carinae of the mesofemora; occasionally there may also be single teeth on the posterodorsal carina. Mesotibiae in ♀♀ very rarely with single teeth or lobes on the posterodorsal carina. Basitarsi longer than following three tarsomeres combined, slender in ♂♂, mostly slender but sometimes with a ± distinct medio-dorsal lobe in ♀♀.

Eggs ( Fig. 98N ). Small to medium-sized (capsule length 2.7–3.0 mm), roundly angular in lateral aspect with the anterodorsal portion convex and roundly angular, the lower half gradually narrowed and the polar area ± flattened; oval in cross-section. Capsule surface unevenly covered with a ± dense network of raised ridges and keels. Micropylar plate at least half the length of capsule and> 2.5x longer than wide. Median line short but distinct. Operculum slightly oval and with a hollow capitular structure that is formed by lamellate, membranous extensions of the outer margin; these longitudinally connected by thin membranes. Height of capitulum less than half of capsule length. Colour of capsule various shades of grey or brown, the micropylar plate often darker than capsule. Capitular extensions yellow or orange.

Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the latin “ lancea” (= lance) and the preoccupied generic name Bostra Stål, 1875 . It refers to the long and lanceolate subgenital plate of ♀♀ and is furthermore meant to illustrate the close relation to former Bostra (= Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 ). Feminine.

Differentiation. While ♀♀ in particular strongly resemble Alienobostra Zompro, 2001 and Calynda Stål, 1875 close relation also to Phanocles Stål, 1875 and Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 is obvious and supported by various morphological characters. The genus is well characterised by the combination of ♂♂ having paddle-shaped cerci that are distinctly impressed interiorly and carinated dorsally and ventrally, ♀♀ having a long and lanceolate subgenital plate that projects beyond the apex of the abdomen by more than the combined length of abdominal terga VIII–X, a distinct praeopercular organ and short gonapophyses that are always concealed under the anal segment, as well as both sexes having a distinct and acute medio-longitudinal keel on the meso- and metasternum (♀♀ in particular).

Males readily differ from those of Alienobostra by the small cerci that are never notably longer than the anal segment nor angled (strongly enlarged and angled 90° inward in Alienobostra ) and well-developed vomer, while ♀♀ may be separated by the distinct praeopercular organ ( Figs. 91A–C ; very faint in Alienobostra ), more prominent and acute medio-longitudinal keel of the meso- and metasternum ( Figs. 85F–J ) and gonapophyses VIII, that are notably longer than gonapophyses IX. From the widespread and speciose Phanocles , which also has several species throughout Mexico and northern Central America, this new genus differs by the much more acute medio-longitudinal keel of the ventral body surface of both sexes, short gonapophyses VIII of ♀♀ that are always fully concealed under the anal segment, as well as the irregularly ridged capsule surface of the eggs ( Fig. 98N ; punctured in Phanocles ). Males are exclusively apterous whereas they can be brachypterous or even fully alate in Phanocles . The very distinct and acute medio-longitudinal carina of the meso- and metasternum ( Figs. 85 F-J) and more elongate, rather sub-cylindrical head of both sexes ( Figs. 38D–O ) frequently separates species of this new genus from Phanocloidea , a principally South American genus that only has one species in SE-Mexico, Belize and Guatemala and two further species that are distributes in Central America. Males may be separated from those of Phanocloidea in always having a ± prominent central protuberance or spiniform projection on the poculum, an elongate anal segment that is notably longer than wide (mostly sub-quadrate to transverse in Phanocloidea ), at best gently rounded lateral margins of abdominal tergum IX (strongly deflexed and rounded to triangular in Phanocloidea ) and in general being chromatically much less complex with all species various shades of grey, drab or brown (♂♂ of Phanocloidea often have the thorax very colourful and mostly possess intero-basally red profemora). Moreover, the poculum in Lanceobostra gen. n. never shows any of the conspicuous specialisations of the posterior margin or the lateral impressions frequently seen in ♂♂ of Phanocloidea and always bears a spiniform central projection ( Figs. 40A– S ). Moreover, ♂♂ of this new genus are exclusively apterous while brachypterous or alate species occur within Phanocloidea . Females of this new genus readily differ from those of Phanocloidea by the very prominent and acute, often dull orange to red medio-longitudinal median keel of the meso- and metasternum and never having distinct spines on the meso- and metapleurae and sterna. The only known egg of the genus is that of the type-species L. aetolus ( Westwood, 1859) comb. n., and differs from all known eggs of Phanocloidea by the smaller opercular excrescence, less convex anterodorsal portion of the capsule and not distinctly flattened to impressed polar-area, which also lacks a dark central marking ( Fig. 98N ).

A detailed comparison and differentiation between Lanceobostra gen. n., Phanocles and Phanocloidea is presented in table 13 below.

Comments. This is the most northward distributed genus of Cladomorphini with one species represented as far north as the states of Sonora and Sinaloa in nortwestern Mexico ( Fig. 103 ). Species of this genus have previously been placed mostly in Bostra Stål, 1875 (now Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 ) and Bacteria Berthold, 1827 with one species each in Phanocles Stål, 1875 , Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 and the exclusively Caribbean genus Clonistria Stål, 1875 . Several species are only known from one sex and often only from the unique type specimens. Moreover, the type specimens of four Mexican species are not traced and believed lost. Due to the very insufficient original descriptions any confirmed decisions on their generic affiliations are difficult why these can here only be attributed to Lanceobostra gen. n. with doubt. The few characters given in the brief original descriptions and distribution within the geographic range of Lanceobostra gen. n. however best place these three species in this genus.

The two anatomically very distinct types of cerci in ♂♂, i. e. either club-shaped or carinate dorsally and ventrally with the interior surface strongly impressed and canaliculate, would suggest two species-groups within the genus. The same is true for the two distinct types of vomer, i. e. either broad with the ventral surface flattened and with a single terminal hook (e. g. Fig. 95D ) or elongate with a deeply impressed medio-longitudinal furrow on the ventral surface and with two terminal points (e. g. Fig. 95C ). However, there are different combinations of these character states which is why they cannot serve for a proper distinction of species groups within the genus. Apparently, due to the fact that a considerable number of species are still only known from a single sex and that the eggs are not known for most of the species, any broader discussion on the intrageneric arrangement of Lanceobostra gen. n. must await discovery of the obviously still very fractionally known diversity of this genus.

Distribution ( Fig. 103B ). Very northern Central America ( Mexico, Belize and Guatemala). One species has erroneously been recorded from Cuba . The distribution of this genus comprises several biogeographical provinces, currently allocated to the Mexican transition zone and northern continental portions (Mesoamerican Dominion) of the Caribbean Subregion (see Morrone, 2006: 471, fig. 2).

Table 13: Comparison of Lanceobostra gen. n., Phanocles Stål, 1875 and Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001

......Continued on the next page

Table 13: (continued)

* Exception Phanocloidea pallidenotata ( Redtenbacher, 1908)

** Exceptions are Phanocles aequatorialis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. and P. significans ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n.

*** Exceptions are Phanocloidea gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838) comb. n., P. incompta ( Rehn, 1904) comb. n., P. lanceolata Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 and P. schulthessi ( Redtenbacher, 1908)

**** Exceptions are Lanceobostra guatemalensis ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n. and L. chapalaense sp. n.

Species included:

Figures

FIGURE 36. Lanceobostra gen. n.: A. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀ with lobed legs (Mexico, Sinaloa, Venvidio), habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; B. L.aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀ with unarmedlegs (Mexico,Sinaloa,Venvidio),habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; C. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♂ (Mexico. Sinaloa, Venvidio), habitus lateral view [ANSP]; D. L. ornata sp. n. ♀ PT, habitus dorsolateral view [USNM, © Paul D. Brock]; E. L. ornata sp. n. ♀ PT, habitus lateral view [USNM, © Paul D. Brock]; F. L. ornata sp. n. ♂ HT, habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; G. L. guatemalensis (Bruner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP].

FIGURE 37. Lanceobostra gen. n.: A. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♀ HT, habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; B. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♂ PT, habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; C. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♀ HT, habitus lateral view [ANSP]; D. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♂ PT, habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH No. 0714–1]; E. L. jaliscensis (Rehn, 1904) ♂ (Mexico, Jalisco, Colotitlan), habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. L. similis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (Mexico, Michoacan, S. of Uruapan), habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP]; G. L. tuckerae sp. n. ♂ HT, habitus lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker].

FIGURE 38. Lanceobostra gen. n.: A. L. glabra sp. n. ♀ HT, habitus dorsal view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; B. L. glabra sp. n. ♀ HT, habitus dorsal view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; C. L. torquata sp. n. ♂ HT, habitus dorsolateral view [ZMUH]; D. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀, head with small tubercles in dorsolateral view [ANSP]; E. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀, head with prominent multi-dentate cephalic horns in dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. L. glabra sp. n. ♀ HT, head and prothorax in lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; G. L. glabra sp. n. ♀ HT, head, pronotum and anterior half of mesonotum in dorsal view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; H. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♀ HT, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [ANSP]; J. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♂ PT, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♂, head in lateral view [ANSP]; L. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♂ PT, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [ANSP]; M. L. tuckerae sp. n. ♂ PT, head and prothorax in lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; N. L. torquata sp. n. ♂ HT, head and prothorax in dorsal view [ZMUH]; O. L. torquata sp. n. ♂ HT, head and prothorax in lateral view [ZMUH].

FIGURE 39. Lanceobostra gen. n. terminalia: A. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀, terminalia in lateral view [ANSP]; B. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀, terminalia in dorsal view [ANSP]; C. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀ with lobed abdominal tergum VII, terminalia in lateral view [ANSP]; D. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀ with lobed abdominal tergum VII, terminalia in ventral view [ANSP]; E. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀, terminalia in lateral view [ANSP]; B. L. glabra sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; F. L. glabra sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in dorsal view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; G. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in lateral view (tip of subgenital plate broken off) [ANSP]; H. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in dorsal view (tip of subgenital plate broken off) [ANSP]; J. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in ventral view (tip of subgenital plate broken off) [ANSP]; K. L. guatemalensis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀ HT of Bostra intermedia Redtenbacher, 1908, terminalia in lateral view [MHNG]; L. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in lateral view [ANSP]; M. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in dorsal view [ANSP]; N. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♀ HT, terminalia in ventral view [ANSP]; O. L. torquata sp. n. ♂ HT, terminalia in lateral view [ZMUH]; P. L. torquata sp. n. ♂ HT, terminalia in dorsal view [ZMUH]; Q. L. torquata sp. n. ♂ HT, terminalia in ventral view [ZMUH]; R. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♂ PT, terminalia in lateral view [coll. FH]; S. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♂ PT, terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH]; T. L. oaxacae sp. n. ♂ PT, terminalia in ventral view [coll. FH]; U. L. tuckerae sp. n. ♂ PT, terminalia in lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; V. L. tuckerae sp. n. ♂ PT, terminalia in dorsal view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker].

FIGURE 40. Lanceobostra gen. n. terminalia of ♂♂: A. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859), lateral view [ANSP]; B. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859), dorsal view [ANSP9; C. L. aetolus (Westwood, 1859), ventral view [ANSP]; D. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [ANSP]; E. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [ANSP]; F. L. chapalaense sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [ANSP]; G. L. jaliscensis (Rehn, 1904), lateral view [ANSP]; H. L. jaliscensis (Rehn, 1904), dorsal view [ANSP]; J. L. jaliscensis (Rehn, 1904), ventral view [ANSP]; K. L. ornata sp. n. ♂ HT, lateral view [ANSP]; L. L. ornata sp. n. ♂ HT, dorsal view [ANSP]; M. L. ornata sp. n. ♂ HT, ventral view [ANSP]; N. L. similis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [ANSP]; O. L. similis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [ANSP]; P. L. similis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [ANSP9; Q. L. guatemalensis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [ANSP]; R. L. guatemalensis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [ANSP]; S. L. guatemalensis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), ventral view [ANSP].

FIGURE 85. Mesosternum: A. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939) ♀ [coll. OC]; B. Globocalynda ruficollis sp. n. ♀ PT [ANSP]; C. Globocalynda unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀ Prov. Sara, Bolivia [MNHU]; D. Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875 ♀ Volcán Baru, Chiriqui, Panamá [coll. FH]; E. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) ♀ Surubres nr. San Mateo, Costa Rica [ANSP]; F. Lanceobostra aetolus (Westwood, 1859) ♀ Venvidio, Sinaloa, Mexico [ANSP]; G. Lanceobostra deplanata (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ HT [NHMUK]; H. Lanceobostra freygessneri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ HT [MHNG]; J. Lanceobostra similis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ HT [NHMUK]; K. Ocreatophasma elegans gen. n., sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]; L. Ocreatophasma modestum gen. n., sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]; M. Ocreatophasma fragile gen. n., sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 91. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀: A. Lanceobostra aetolus (Westwood, 1859) [ANSP]; B. Lanceobostra guatemalensis (Redtenbacher, 1908) HT of Bostra intermedia Redtenbacher, 1908 [MHNG]; C. Lanceobostra oaxacae sp. n. ♀ HT [ANSP]; D. Phanoclocrania dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) HT of Bacteria monticola Carl, 1913 [MHNG]; E. Phanocloidea gracilis (Burmeister, 1838) [ANSP]; F. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; H. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) [coll. FH]; J. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [ANSP]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 95. Vomer of ♂♂ (ventral view): A. Calynda coronata Carl, 1913 [ANSP]; B. Spinocloidea panamaense gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; C. Lanceobostra aetolus (Westwood, 1859) [ANSP]; D. Lanceobostra ornata sp. n. HT [ANSP]; E. Lanceobostra jaliscensis Rehn, 1904 [ANSP]; F. Lanceobostra guatemalensis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [ANSP]; G. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939) [coll. OC]; H. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) LT of Bostra jugalis (Rehn, 1905) [ANSP]; J. Phanoclocrania speciosa Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 [CEBUC, © Yeisson Gutierréz]; K. Phanoclocrania dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) [ZMUH]; L. Parotocrania panamae gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. OC]; M. Parotocrania regina (Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 [CEBUC, © Yeisson Gutierréz]; N. Globocrania emesa (Westwood, 1859) HT of Pseudobacteria longipes Piza, 1938 [MZUSP]; O. Globocrania culmus (Bates, 1865) [CEIOC]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 98. Eggs: A. Andeocalynda decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 [coll. FH]; B. Andeocalynda tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 [coll. FH]; C. Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875 [coll. FH]; D. Calynda coronata Carl, 1913 [coll. FH]; E. Spinocloidea panamaense gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; F. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939) [coll. FH]; G. Globocalynda unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ex abdomen PLT of Globocalynda simplex (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; H. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; J. Cladomorphus tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) [coll. FH]; K. Jeremia gymnota Günther, 1930 [ZSMC]; L. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) Costa Rica, Monteverde [coll. FH]; M. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) Costa Rica, San Mateo [ANSP]; N. Lanceobostra aetolus (Westwood, 1859) [ANSP]; O. Globocrania culmus (Bates, 1865) [MZUSP, © Pedro Ivo Chiquetto-Machado]; P. Globocrania tabida (Redtenbacher, 1908) Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia N.P. [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]

FIGURE 103. Maps showing the known distributions of the genera A. Laciphorus Redtenbacher, 1908, B. Lanceobostra gen. n., C. Ocreatophasma gen. n., D. Otocrania Redtenbacher, 1908, E. Otocraniella Zompro, 2004 and F. Parotocrania gen. n.