Burkseus elongatus (Bouček), 1959

Perry, Ryan K. & Heraty, John M., 2019, A Tale of Two Setae: How Morphology and ITS 2 Help Delimit a Cryptic Species Complex in Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 3 (5), No. 1, pp. 1-23 : 16-17

Burkseus elongatus (Bouček), 1959 Palearctic

Burkseus flavoviridis (Crawford), 1913 Nearctic

Burkseus pinicolus (Askew), 1984 Palearctic

Burkseus robustus Perry, 2019 n. sp. Nearctic, Neotropic Burkseus sigillatus Perry, 2019 n. sp. Nearctic

Burkseus singa (Walker), 1838 Palearctic

Burkseus vittatus (Walker), 1838 Nearctic, Palearctic

Description. Female: Body length 1.27–1.75 mm.

Head: Vertex with paired large setae present. Antenna: funiculars both longer than wide; first claval segment variable in length: subequal, wider than long, or longer than wide; second claval segment length variable: wider than long or subequal. Pronotum with two pairs of large setae on posterior margin. Mesoscutum: shallowreticulate sculpturing present, two pairs of large bristle-like setae present; small, unpaired setae absent; all bristle sockets well-defined. Mesoscutellum with no supernumerary bristles observed. Hind tibial spurs shorter than basitarsus. Hind basitarsus shorter than second tarsomere (basitarsus: 2nd 0.74–0.85). Fore wing: admarginal setae present but shifted to ventral surface of marginal vein; uncus originating on stigma by its own length from stigmal apex.

Scape with ventral spot present or absent. Mesoscutum with wide, longitudinal yellow stripes. Prepectus mostly yellow. Dark longitudinal stripe from pronotum to mesoscutellum complete or broken. Mesoscutellum with wide yellow stripes. Propodeum all dark or partly dark and yellow. Hind coxa yellow and dark basally, or all yellow. Profemur and mesofemur with stripe or no stripe. Metafemur with dark spot basally or no spot. Fore wing disc hyaline, without markings. Submarginal vein setae dark. Gaster yellow with dark markings between terga ( Fig. 8 ).

Male as above, except: body length 0.79–1.52 mm; pro-, meso-, or metafemur with no stripe or spot; gaster coloration usually lighter, with dark markings narrower than those found in females ( Fig. 8 ).

Hosts. Parasitoid of lepidopteran leaf miner larvae and hyperparasitoid of Cotesia ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae ).

Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Cotesia sp. Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae : Coleotechnites milleri Busck on Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Pinaceae) . Coleotechnites sp. on Pinus radiata (Pinaceae) ; Recurvaria sp. Nepticulidae : Stigmella sp. on Chrysolepis sp. (Fagaceae) . Yponomeutidae : Argyresthia pilatella Braun.

Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, ON), Mexico (OAX), United States (AZ, CA, ID, NM).

Neotropical: Chile (Elquí), Colombia (Boyacá), Costa Rica (Alajuela).

Etymology. Named for the long and thick, paired ‘robust’ bristle-like setae on the mesoscutum.

Material examined (see Supp. Material [online only] for all records of non-type material, including molecular vouchers not listed as type material).

Holotype: United States: California: San Bernardino Co., San Gabriel Mts., Cucamonga Wilderness Area , btwn Cucamonga and Etiwanda Peaks , 35°13′35″N, 117°34′44″W, 26.viii.1989, J.D. Pinto [1♀, UCRCENT485745]; deposited in UCRC . Paratypes: CANADA: Ontario: Constance Bay, 64 m, 45°29′10″N, 76°04′24″W, 10–23. vii.1983, M. Sanborne, host: Recurvaria , host plant: Pinus contorta

[ 1♀, CNC: CNC00508552 ]. COLOMBIA: Boyacá: SFF Iguaque Cerro Pan de Azucar , 3,380 m, 5°25′0″N, 73°27′0″W, 10–28.vi.2001, P. Reina, malaise trap, M.1834 [1♀, TAMU: UCRCENT426806 ; D4591] . United States: Arizona: Coconino Co., Jacob Lake , 13 mi. S, 2,682 m, 36°33′47″N, 112°10′14″W, 26.vi.1993, J.D. Pinto, sweep [1♀, CNC: CNC00508646 ; D4680] . California: San Luis Obispo Co., Cambria, Kenneth S. Norris Rancho Marino Res., 41–112 m, 35°32′15″N, 121°05′4″W, 2–3.vii.2016, S. V. Triapitsyn, sweep, host plant: Pinus radiata [1♂, UCRC: UCRCENT485699 ; D5326]. Tuolumne Co. , Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite Natl. Park, 2,617 m, 37°52′34″N, 119°22′16″W, vii–ix.1955, G. R. Struble, 34029L, host plant: Pinus contorta [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471408 ]. Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite Natl. Park, 2,617 m, 37°52′34″N, 119°22′16″W, vii–ix.1955, G. R. Struble, 34029M, host plant: Pinus contorta [1♂, USNM: UCRCENT471409 ] . New Mexico: Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns, High Rolls , 2,123 m, 32°57′0″N, 105°49′0″W, 1–10.v.2004, M.E. Irwin, dry wash, malaise trap [1♂ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT357532 ; D3674, 00357533; D3675] .

Burkseus sigillatus Perry n. sp. ( Figs. 2D , 5I–L ,

and 8 )

(Zoobank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:95C43510-C58E-4E27-8E53-759CA9CCB290 )

Diagnosis. The distinguishing character of this species is the presence of three dark bands perpendicular to the anterior margin of the fore wing (char. 31: state 1), which has not been observed in other Burkseus species. Burkseus sigillatus is most similar to B. robustus , sharing the characteristics of the thick and long submarginal vein setae (char. 19: state 1), and the midlobe of the mesoscutum having only two pairs of bristles, although the sole male observed has one only pair (char. 12: state 1 and 2). This male (D5324, Fig. 5I ) is extremely small and may not be indicative of all males in the species. Similar to B. vittatus , the propodeum is yellow with dark metallic markings medially on dorsal surface, and the hind coxae are yellow (char. 37: state 0).

Description. Female: Body length 1.04–1.23 mm.

Head: Vertex with paired large setae absent. Antenna: first funicular longer than wide; second funicular wider than long; first claval segment variable in length: subequal or wider than long; second claval segment length variable: wider than long, subequal, or longer than wide. Pronotum with two pairs of large setae on posterior margin. Mesoscutum: shallow-reticulate sculpturing present; two pairs of large setae present; small, unpaired setae on mesoscutum absent; all bristle sockets well-defined. Mesoscutellum with no supernumerary bristles observed. Hind basitarsus shorter than 2nd tarsomere (basitarsus:2nd = 0.74–0.83). Fore wing: admarginal setae present; uncus originating on stigma by its own length from stigmal apex.

Scape with dark dorsal spot present. Body with metallic coloration. Mesoscutum with wide, longitudinal yellow stripes. Prepectus mostly yellow. Dark longitudinal stripe from pronotum to mesoscutellum complete or broken. Mesoscutellum with wide yellow stripes. Propodeum partly dark and yellow. Hind coxae all yellow. Pro-, meso-, and metafemur without markings. Gaster yellow with four dark, horizontal stripes.

Male as above, except: body length 0.68 mm; mesoscutum with one pair of bristles; gaster with two dark, horizontal stripes ( Fig. 8 ).

Figures

Fig. 8. Gaster color variation within females (A–E) and males (F–J) of the four Nearctic Burkseus species.

Fig. 2. Fore wings, dorsal view: (A) Burkseus vittatus comb. n., (B) B. flavoviridis comb. n., (C) B. robustus n. sp., (D) B. sigillatus n. sp. The photographs of B. robustus and B.sigillatus were taken after DNA extraction,displaying how the dark colors on the submarginal vein setae (B. robustus and B.sigillatus), stigmal vein and uncus (B. robustus), and banding patterns (B. sigillatus) are resilient enough to remain visible after extraction. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. ams = admarginal setae, bsl = basal setal line, csl = cubital setal line, disc = fore wing disc, spc = speculum, smv = submarginal vein, stg = stigmal vein, unc = uncus.

Fig. 5. Mesosomal color variation.(A–H) Burkseus robustus: (A) D3674,(B) D3675,(C) D4591,(D) D4580,(E) D4581,(F) D4680,(G) D5326,(H) illustrated view.(I–L) B. sigillatus: (H) D5325, (I) D5324, (J) D4738, and (L) illustrated view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.