Burkseus flavoviridis (Crawford), 1913

Perry, Ryan K. & Heraty, John M., 2019, A Tale of Two Setae: How Morphology and ITS 2 Help Delimit a Cryptic Species Complex in Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 3 (5), No. 1, pp. 1-23 : 14-15

Burkseus flavoviridis (Crawford), 1913 stat. rev. and comb. n. ( Figs. 1B, I , 2B , 4 , and 8)

Cirrospilus flavoviridis Crawford, 1913: 317 . Holotype presumably ♀ (examined, gaster missing). Locality : Salt Lake City , UT, United States. Depository: USNM, No. 15556.

Cirrospilus vittatus ; synonymy by Huber and Moreau, 2003: 669.

Diagnosis: Females of B. flavoviridis can be separated from the other Nearctic species, B. vittatus , B. robustus , and B. sigillatus , by the deep-reticulate sculpturing on mesoscutum (char. 9: state 1), midlobe of the mesoscutum possessing three pairs of bristles with visible setal sockets (char. 12: state 3), occasionally with a supernumerary bristle that is never paired (char. 14: state 1), and hind basitarsus longer than the second tarsomere (char. 23: state 2). The color pattern variations unique to B. flavoviridis are the mesoscutum with narrow, yellow stripes (char. 26: state 1), prepectus mostly dark (char. 27: state 1), propodeum completely dark metallic (char. 29: state 2), and hind coxa dark metallic (char. 37: state 2).

Male Burkseus flavoviridis are as above except for color pattern variations consisting of a prepectus that is all dark metallic or with some yellow (char. 27: states 0 and 1) and hind coxae that are completely dark metallic or with metallic coloration on basal quarter (char. 37: states 1 and 2). Males can be differentiated from B. vittatus , B. robustus , and B. sigillatus by a dark spot beginning on the second gastral tergum and extending to the seventh ( Fig. 8 ; char. 39: state 1).

Discussion. Huber and Moreau (2003) synonymized B. flavoviridis Crawford with B. vittatus based on comparisons of their reared Canadian specimens with types of both species. Digital images of specimens originally designated as B. flavoviridis were sent to Bouček, and he agreed that the different mesosomal color patterns of the specimens fell within the variation of B. vittatus ( Huber and Moreau 2003) . While some mesoscutal color patterns are similar between the two species, they can be separated by the patterns of the mesoscutal setae.

Hosts, from material examined. (Supp. Material [online only] contains a full list of specimens and their recorded hosts.) Coleoptera : Apionidae : Apion proclive LeConte on Lupinus arboreus (Fabaceae) . Diptera : Agromyzidae : Liriomyza pusilla (Meigen) on Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae) ; Liriomyza sativae Blanchard ; Liriomyza sp. Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae : Coleotechnites milleri Busck.

Gracillariidae : Cameraria sp. on Quercus vaccinifolia (Fagaceae) ; Marmara gulosa Guillèn and Davis on Citrus maxima (Rutaceae) ; Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton on Citrus × paradise and Citrus × limon (Rutaceae) ; Phyllonorycter elmaella Gerasimov on Malus sp. (Rosaceae) . Nepticulidae : Stigmella sp. on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae) .

Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (BC), Mexico ( CH, MO), United States (AZ, CA, CO, ID, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY).

Material examined (see Supp. Material [online only] for full list of non-type material, including molecular vouchers used in analyses). Allotype: United States: Utah: Salt Lake Co., Salt Lake City, 1,302 m, 40°42′40″N, 111°52′32″W, 13.vii.1911, host: Liriomyza pusilla , host plant: Vigna unguiculata [1♂, USNM: UCRCENT471305]. Paratypes. United States: Same data as allotype except: 1911 [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471304]. 30.vii.1912, [1♂, USNM: UCRCENT471306]. 23.vii.1912 [2♀, USNM: UCRCENT471307, 00471308].

Burkseus pinicolus ( Askew), 1984 comb. n. ( Fig. 9C ) Cirrospilus pinicolus Askew, 1984: 67–68 . Holotype ♀ (examined). Locality : Freshfield , Lancashire, England. Depository: BMNH, Type HYM No. 5.3037/ NHMUK 10838529 .

Diagnosis. Recognized by midlobe of mesoscutum with four pairs of bristles, head and pronotum posteriorly with many unpaired setae, lateral lobes of mesoscutum with three adnotaular setae, and lateral lobes dark metallic, a characteristic found only on completely dark forms of B. flavoviridis . The color patterns on the mesoscutum are similar to B. flavoviridis , however, B. pinicolus is only found in the Palearctic, and the mesosoma setal patterns are distinct from each other.

Figures

Fig. 1. Morphological characters.(A–C) head: (A) Zagrammosoma mirum, (B) Burkseus flavoviridis, (C) Burkseus robustus. (D–G) dorsal view of mesosoma: (D) Cirrospilus sp. D3867,(E) Cirrospilus sp. D3865,(F) Zagrammosoma americanum, (G) Diglyphus begini. (H) Burkseus robustus hind leg. (I) Burkseus flavoviridis antennae.Scale bar in all photos = 0.2 mm. axl = axilla, bst = basitarsus, clv = clava, fu = funicular, mc = median carina, ms = malar sulcus, msc = mesoscutum, no = pronotum, not = notaulus, pdg = prodiscrimen groove, pl1 = propleura,ppd = propodeum, scp = scape, sct = mesoscutellum,set = setae (bristle-like setae), smg = submedian groove, sss = small scattered setae, tbs = tibial spur, vtx = vertex.

Fig. 2. Fore wings, dorsal view: (A) Burkseus vittatus comb. n., (B) B. flavoviridis comb. n., (C) B. robustus n. sp., (D) B. sigillatus n. sp. The photographs of B. robustus and B.sigillatus were taken after DNA extraction,displaying how the dark colors on the submarginal vein setae (B. robustus and B.sigillatus), stigmal vein and uncus (B. robustus), and banding patterns (B. sigillatus) are resilient enough to remain visible after extraction. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. ams = admarginal setae, bsl = basal setal line, csl = cubital setal line, disc = fore wing disc, spc = speculum, smv = submarginal vein, stg = stigmal vein, unc = uncus.

Fig. 4. Mesosomal color variation in Burkseus flavoviridis: (A) D4682, (B) D4741, (C) D3791 (specimen collapsed while drying), (D) D4593, (E) D4171, F) D4172, (G) D4679, (H) D4683, (I) D4176, (J) D4169, (K) D4175, and (L) illustrated view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 8. Gaster color variation within females (A–E) and males (F–J) of the four Nearctic Burkseus species.

Fig. 9. Habitus: (A) Burkseus elongatus (BMNH: NHMUK 10371836), (B) B. singa (MZH: UCRCENT 513243), (C) B. pinicolus (BMNH: NHMUK 10371840), (D) Cirrospilus curvineurus (MZH: UCRCENT 513242).