Colletes species

Ferrari, Rafael R., Niu, Ze-Qing, Kuhlmann, Michael, Zhang, Dan & Zhu, Chao- Dong, 2021, The cellophane bees of Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from Xizang (Tibet), China, Zootaxa 5022 (1), pp. 1-72 : 56-58

Key to the Colletes species found in Xizang (Tibet), China :

The key provided below is largely based on either absolute (body length) or relative measurements of taxonomically- the terminalia (especially the S7) of males prior to using the key so that they can be more confidently identified. It should also be noted that identification of females whose pubescence is mostly to entirely lost may be difficult to achieve through our key. Note that the males of C. inspersus , C. xizangensis and C. xuezhongi are unknown.

1 Male ............................................................................................... 2

- Female............................................................................................ 25

2(1) Paraocular area without black hairs ( Fig. 38A ).............................................................. 3

- Paraocular area with black hairs ( Fig. 38B )................................................................ 15

3(2) T2–T3 without distinct apical bands (Figs 7B, 14B)......................................................... 4

- T2–T3 with distinct apical bands ( Figs 2B , 6B , 11B, 15B, 16B, 18B, 22B, 23B, 26B, 31B, 36B)...................... 5

4(3) Relatively small bees, body length 6.0–7.0 mm; head and mesosoma covered with off-white pubescence (Figs 7B, 7D); S7 as in Fig. 7F. .......................................................................... C. hedini Kuhlmann

- Relatively large bees, body length 8.0–9.0 mm; head and mesosoma covered with pale to bright-orange pubescence (Figs 14B, 14D); S7 as in Fig. 14F. ............................................................... C. sanctus Cockerell

5(3) S5 with a specialized patch of inwardly-curved long hairs apicolaterally ( Fig. 38C ); gonostylus remarkably enlarged and broadened towards apex ( Fig. 6E ); S7 as in Fig. 6F. ...................................... C . haubrugei Kuhlmann

- S5 without specialized patch of hairs apicolaterally ( Fig. 38D ); gonostylus of ordinary size and with a narrow apex ( Figs 2E , 11E, 15E, 16E, 18E, 22E, 23E, 26E, 31E, 36E); S7 with a different shape ( Figs 2F , 11F, 15F, 16F, 18F, 22F, 23F, 26F, 31F, 36F)................................................................................................ 6

6(5) Malar area shorter than basal width of mandible............................................................. 7

- Malar area longer than basal width of mandible............................................................ 12

7(6) Hind basitarsus at most 3.75× as long as broad; gonostylus needle-like ( Figs 22E , 23E ).............................. 8

- Hind basitarsus at least 4.25× as long as broad; gonostylus with a different shape (Figs 11E, 15E, 31E, 36E)............. 9

8(7) T2–T3 apical bands 1.25× MOD; S7 as in Fig. 22F. ..................................... C . tuberculatus Morawitz

- T2–T3 apical bands as broad as MOD; S7 as in Fig. 23F. ............................... C . xuechengensis Kuhlmann

9(7) Malar area 0.35× as long as basal width of mandible; wing venation pale-brown ( Fig. 39A ); S7 as in Fig. 31F. .......................................................................................... C . annejohnae Kuhlmann

- Malar area at least 0.75× as long as basal width of mandible; wing venation dark-brown to black ( Fig. 39B ); S7 with a different shape (Figs 11F, 15F, 36F)............................................................................. 10

10(9) T1 densely punctate medially ( Fig. 39C ); S7 as in Fig. 11F. .................................. C. packeri Kuhlmann

- T1 sparsely punctate medially ( Fig. 39D ); S7 as in either Fig. 15F or Fig. 36F .................................... 11

11(10) Lower face with mostly appressed short hairs ( Fig. 40A ); S7 as in Fig. 36F. ................. C . sichuanensis Kuhlmann

- Lower face with mostly erect long hairs ( Fig. 40B ); S7 as in Fig. 15F. ...................... C . sidemii Radoszkowski

12(6) S5 with erect dense setae medially ( Fig. 40C ); S7 convex basally and with a subtriangular glabrous apex (Figs 16F, 18F). 13

- S5 with subappressed sparse setae medially ( Fig. 40D ); S7 with a different shape ( Figs 2F , 26F )..................... 14

13(12) Mesosoma covered with pale-brown pubescence (Fig. 16B); hind basitarsus 3.75× as long as broad; S7 as in Fig. 16F. ....................................................................... C. splendidus Ferrari, Niu & Zhu sp. nov.

- Mesosoma covered with pale-yellow pubescence ( Fig. 18B ); hind basitarsus 4.5× as long as broad; S7 as in Fig. 18F. ........................................................................................ C . tibeticus Kuhlmann

14(12) Relatively large bees, body length at least 7.0–8.0 mm; mesosoma covered with pale-yellow to pale-orange pubescence ( Fig. 2B ); S7 as in Fig. 2F. ................................................................. C . floralis Eversmann

- Relatively small bees, body length 5.0–6.0 mm; mesosoma covered with off-white pubescence ( Fig. 26B ); S7 as in Fig. 26F. ................................................................................ C . laevigena Noskiewicz

15(2) S6 with a pair of deep circular depressions basolaterally ( Fig. 41A )............................................ 16

- S6 without a pair of depressions basolaterally ( Fig. 41B )..................................................... 18

16(15) S7 strongly expanded laterally ( Fig. 32F )............................................... C. bhutanicus Kuhlmann

- S7 weakly expanded laterally ( Figs 33F , 35F )............................................................. 17 17(16) Hind basitarsus 4.50× as long as broad; S7 as in Fig. 33F. ................................. C . bischoffi Noskiewicz

- Hind basitarsus 5.25× as long as broad; S7 as in Fig. 35F. ....................................... C . collaris Dours

18(15) Mesoscutum without black hairs ( Fig. 42A )............................................................... 19

- Mesoscutum with black hairs ( Fig. 42B )................................................................. 20

19(18) Malar area as long as basal width of mandible; S7 as in Fig. 9F. .......................... C . himalayensis Kuhlmann

- Malar area 1.5× as long as basal width of mandible; S7 as in Fig. 30F. .................. C . pseudolaevigena Kuhlmann

20(18) S5 with erect dense setae medially ( Fig. 40C )............................................................. 21

- S5 with subappressed sparse setae medially ( Fig. 40D )...................................................... 22

21(20) Malar area 1.50× as long as basal width of mandible; hind basitarsus 4.70× as long as broad; S7 as in Fig. 25F. ........................................................................................ C . annapurnensis Kuhlmann

- Malar area 1.15× as long as basal width of mandible; hind basitarsus 3.70× as long as broad; S7 as in Fig. 12F. ......................................................................................... C . paratibeticus Kuhlmann

22(20) Anterolateral angle of pronotum obtuse ( Fig. 41C ); S7 largely bare apically ( Figs 4F , 5F )........................... 23

- Anterolateral angle of pronotum pointed ( Fig. 41D ); S7 densely haired apically ( Figs 27F , 28F )...................... 24

23(22) Malar area 1.50× as long as basal width of mandible; S7 as in Fig. 4F. .......................... C . harreri Kuhlmann

- Malar area 1.25× as long as basal width of mandible; S7 as in Fig. 5F. ............. C . harrerioides Niu, Zhu & Kuhlmann

24(22) Gonostylus as in Fig. 27E; S 7 as in Fig. 27F. ................................. C . linzhiensis Niu, Zhu & Kuhlmann

- Gonostylus as in Fig. 28E; S 7 as in Fig. 28F. .......................................... C . luzhouensis Kuhlmann

25(1) Paraocular area without black hairs ( Fig. 43A )............................................................. 26

- Paraocular area with black hairs ( Fig. 43B )............................................................... 41

26(25) Hind basitarsus with dark setae posteriorly ( Fig. 43C )....................................................... 27

- Hind basitarsus with pale setae posteriorly ( Fig. 43D )....................................................... 28

27(26) Relatively large bees, body length 10.0–11.0 mm; T2–T3 without apical bands (Fig. 14A)........... C. sanctus Cockerell

- Relatively small bees, body length 8.0–9.0 mm; T2–T3 with distinct apical bands (Fig. 11A)........ C. packeri Kuhlmann

28(26) Mesoscutum with black hairs (as in Fig. 42C )............................................................. 29

- Mesoscutum without black hairs (as in Fig. 42D )........................................................... 32

29(28) Malar area as long as basal width of mandible.............................. C. splendidus Ferrari, Niu & Zhu sp. nov.

- Malar area at most 0.75× as long as basal width of mandible.................................................. 30

30(29) Relatively small bees, body length 7.0–8.0 mm................................ C. xuezhongi Niu, Zhu & Kuhlmann

- Relatively large bees, body length 9.0–10.0 mm........................................................... 31

31(30) Hind basitarsus 3.75× as long as broad; T2–T3 apical bands 1.75× MOD in lateral view............ C. floralis Eversmann

- Hind basitarsus 3.25× as long as broad; T2–T3 apical bands 1.25× MOD in lateral view C. xizangensis Niu, Zhu & Kuhlmann

32(28) Paraocular area with relatively short setae ( Fig. 44A ).................................... C. sichuanensis Kuhlmann

- Paraocular area with long branched hairs ( Fig. 44B )........................................................ 33

33(32) Malar area at most 0.50× as long as basal width of mandible.................................................. 34

- Malar area at least 0.75× as long as basal width of mandible.................................................. 37

34(33) Anterolateral angle of pronotum obtuse ( Fig. 44C )...................................... C. sidemii Radoszkowski

- Anterolateral angle of pronotum modified as a spine ( Fig. 44D )............................................... 35

35(34) Relatively large bees, body length 10.0–11.0 mm...................................... C. xuechengensis Kuhlmann

- Relatively small bees, body length 7.0–8.0 mm............................................................ 36

36(35) Malar area nearly absent; T1 covered with dense tomentum anteriorly ( Fig. 45A ).............. C. annejohnae Kuhlmann

- Malar area 0.4× as long as basal width of mandible; T1 without tomentum anteriorly ( Fig. 45B )... C. tuberculatus Morawitz 38(37) Relatively small bees, body length 7.0–8.0 mm; T1 with mostly subappressed short hairs basolaterally ( Fig. 45C ).........

Figures

FIGURE 2. Colletes floralis Eversmann, 1852. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Colletes harreri Kuhlmann, 2002. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Colletes harrerioides Niu, Zhu & Kuhlmann, 2013. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Colletes haubrugei Kuhlmann, 2002. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Colletes himalayensis Kuhlmann, 2002. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Colletes paratibeticus Kuhlmann, 2002. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Colletes sidemii Radoszkowski, 1891. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Colletes tibeticus Kuhlmann, 2002. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1

FIGURE 22. Colletes tuberculatus Morawitz, 1893. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1

FIGURE 23. Colletes xuechengensis Kuhlmann, 2007. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 25. Colletes annapurnensis Kuhlmann, 2002. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E,

FIGURE 26. Colletes laevigena Noskiewicz, 1936. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1

FIGURE 27. Colletes linzhiensis Niu, Zhu & Kuhlmann, 2014. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 28. Colletes luzhouensis Kuhlmann, 2007. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 30. Colletes pseudolaevigena Kuhlmann, 2002. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 31. Colletes annejohnae Kuhlmann, 2003. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1

FIGURE 32. Colletes bhutanicus Kuhlmann, 2003. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 33. Colletes bischoffi Noskiewicz, 1936. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus,

FIGURE 35. Colletes collaris Dours, 1872. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) face, frontal view; (E) genital capsule, lateral view; (F) S7, ventral view. Scale bars: (A–D) 2 mm; (E, F) 1 mm.

FIGURE 36. Colletes sichuanensis Kuhlmann, 2007. Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view. Male: (B)

FIGURE 38. Head in profile: (A) paraocular area without black hairs in the male Colletes hedini; (B) paraocular area with black hairs in the male C. linzhiensis. Ventral view of metasoma: (C) S5 with a patch of inwardly-curved long hairs in the male C.

FIGURE 39. Lateral view of wings: (A) wing venation dark-brown in the male Colletes tuberculatus; (B) wing venation palebrown in the male C. fulvicornis. Dorsal view of metasoma: (C) T1 densely punctate medially in the male C. packeri; (D) T1 sparsely punctate medially in the male C. sichuanensis. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 40. Oblique view of head: (A) lower face with mostly short hairs in the male Colletes sichuanensis; (B) lower face with mostly long hairs in the male C. sidemii. Lateroventral view of metasoma: (C) S5 with erect dense setae medially in the male C. tibeticus; (D) S5 with subappressed sparse setae medially in the male C. floralis. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 41. Ventral view of metasoma: (A) S6 with a pair of deep circular depressions basolaterally (red arrows) in the male Colletes collaris; (B) S6 without circular depressions in the male C. harreri. Anterolateral view of mesosoma: (C) anterolateral angle of pronotum obtuse (red dashed line) in the male C. harreri; (D) anterolateral angle of pronotum modified as a short spine (red dashed line) in the male C. linzhiensis. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 42.Dorsolateral view of mesosoma:(A) mesoscutum with only pale-orange hairs in the male Colletes pseudolaevigena;

FIGURE 43. Head in profile: (A) paraocular area with only pale-yellow hairs in the female Colletes floralis; (B) paraocular area with mostly pale-yellow pubescence and a line of black hairs in the female C. harreri. Dorsal view of hind leg: (C) basitarsus with dark long setae posteriorly in the female C. sanctus; (D) basitarsus with off-white long setae posteriorly in the female C. tibeticus. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 44. Head in profile: (A) paraocular area with short setae in the female Colletes sichuanensis; (B) paraocular area with

FIGURE 45. Dorsal view of metasoma: (A) T1 covered with dense tomentum anteriorly in the female Colletes annejohnae; (B) T1 without tomentum anteriorly in the female C. tuberculatus. Lateral view of metasoma: (C) T1 with subappressed short hairs basolaterally in the female C. hedini; (D) T1 with erect long hairs basolaterally in the female C. tibeticus. Scale bars: 1 mm.