Saigona Matsumura, 1910

Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, Zootaxa 1333, pp. 25-54 : 28-31

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.174257
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DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6256150
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scientific name	Saigona Matsumura, 1910
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Genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 View in CoL View at ENA

Saigona Matsumura, 1910: 110 View in CoL ; Melichar, 1912: 28, 50; Metcalf, 1946: 47; Nast, 1972: 84; Chou et al., 1985: 63; Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988: 482; Emeljanov, 1993: 70; Liang, 2001: 235. Type species: Dictyophora [sic] ishidae Matsumura, 1905 [= Almana ussuriensis Lethierry, 1878 View in CoL ], by subsequent designation of Melichar, 1912: 50.

Leprota Melichar, 1912: 91 View in CoL ; Metcalf, 1946: 74. Type species: Dictyophora [sic] fulgoroides Walker, 1858 , by original designation and monotypy. New Synonymy

Neoputala Distant, 1914: 412 ; Metcalf, 1946: 78. Type species: Neoputala lewisi Distant, 1906 [not Neoputala capitata Distant, 1914 , as stated by Liang, 2001: 236]. [Synonymised by Liang, 2001: 236.]

Piela Lallemand, 1942: 72 . Type species: Piela singularis Lallemand, 1942 , by original designation and monotypy. New Synonymy

Redescription

General color ochraceous or fuscous. Vertex and most part of genae usually with numerous yellowish or pale brown speckles. Frons uniformly yellowish or yellowish brown. Pronotum and mesonotum ochraceous, suffused with blackish brown. Fore wings ( Figs. 1–12 View FIGURES 1 – 12 ) and hind wings hyaline, more or less fuliginous, veins fuscous; stigma fuscous, nearly opaque.

Head ( Figs. 1–18 View FIGURES 1 – 12 View FIGURES 13 – 15 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 26–28 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 36–38 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 46–48 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 56–58 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 66–68 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 76–78 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) long and broad, distinctly produced into a cephalic process, this is longer or shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex ( Figs. 13 View FIGURES 13 – 15 , 16 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 26 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 36 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 46 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 56 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 66 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 76 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) with lateral margins carinate, sinuate in front of eyes; with obsolete median longitudinal carina; posterior region clearly higher than pronotum. Frons ( Figs. 15 View FIGURES 13 – 15 , 17 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 27 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 37 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 47 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 57 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 67 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 77 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) broad and elongate, with distinct median longitudinal carina. Postclypeus and anteclypeus ( Figs. 15 View FIGURES 13 – 15 , 17 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 27 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 37 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 47 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 57 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 67 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 77 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) convex medially, with distinct median carina. Rostrum long, reaching between hind coxae.

Pronotum ( Figs. 1–13 View FIGURES 1 – 12 View FIGURES 13 – 15 , 16 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 26 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 36 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 46 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 56 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 66 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 76 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) distinctly shorter than mesonotum medially, narrow anteriorly and broad posteriorly; disc broad with anterior margin centrally strongly arched, posterior margin angularly concave; with distinct median longitudinal carina and two obscure lateral discal carinae (elevated only anteriorly). Mesonotum ( Figs. 1–13 View FIGURES 1 – 12 View FIGURES 13 – 15 , 16 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 26 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 36 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 46 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 56 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 66 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 76 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) tricarinate on disc, with median longitudinal carina obsolete or conspicuous but not reaching to apex, lateral carinae curving anteriorly towards median carina. Fore wings ( Figs. 22 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 32 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 42 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 52 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 62 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 72 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 82 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) with Sc+R, M and Cu branched apically, respectively; stigma distinct, with 2–4 cells; veins with numerous fuscous setae. Legs moderately long; fore and middle femora flattened and dilated; fore femur with short and blunt spine near apex; hind tibia with 5–6 lateral black-tipped spines, spinal formula 8-(9–12)-(9–12).

Male genitalia: pygofer ( Figs. 20 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 30 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 40 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 50 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 60 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 70 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 80 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) short and broad in lateral aspect, ventrally distinctly broader than dorsally, posterior margin excavated apically to accommodate anal tube. Anal tube ( Figs. 19, 20 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 29, 30 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 39, 40 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 49, 50 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 59, 60 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 69, 70 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 79, 80 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) oval and large in dorsal view and short and broad in lateral view. Anal styles usually short and small ( Figs. 39, 40 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 59, 60 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 69, 70 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 79, 80 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) and sometimes relatively large and elongate ( Figs. 19, 20 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 29, 30 View FIGURES 26 – 35 ). Parameres ( Figs. 20–21 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 30–31 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 40–41 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 50–51 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 60–61 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 70–71 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 80–81 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) with apex rounded and protruded backward, upper margin with dorsally directed, black-tipped process near middle, with ventrally directed, hooklike process near sub-middle on outer upper edge. Aedeagus ( Figs. 23–25 View FIGURES 16 – 25 , 33–35 View FIGURES 26 – 35 , 43–45 View FIGURES 36 – 45 , 53–55 View FIGURES 46 – 55 , 63–65 View FIGURES 56 – 65 , 73–75 View FIGURES 66 – 75 , 83–85 View FIGURES 76 – 85 ) elongate and slender, with pair of slender, asymmetrical, phallobasal conjunctival processes apically, processes sclerotized and pigmented apically; phallobase sclerotized and pigmented, with two membranous lobes at apex: one dorsal above phallobase and other ventral below phallobase in lateral view; these lobes usually covered with numerous, pigmented, fine spines at apex.

Remarks

Species of Saigona can be distinguished from other dictyopharid planthoppers by the combination of the following diagnostic characters: (1) general color ochraceous or fuscous; (2) vertex and most of genae marked with numerous yellowish or pale brown speckles; (3) cephalic process relatively broad and long; (4) vertex with median longitudinal carina obsolete, posterior region obviously higher than pronotum; (5) legs moderately long, fore femur flattened and dilated with a short and blunt spine near apex; (6) aedeagus with a pair of phallobasal conjunctival processes apically and phallobase sclerotized and pigmented, with two membranous lobes apically.

Species of Saigona are externally similar to those of Dictyophara Germar, 1833 , but can be distinguished from the latter by the diagnostic characters 1, 2, and 5 listed above. In addition, Dictyophara species are usually green or yellowish green (much paler in Saigona species) with vertex and most of genae lacking yellowish or pale brown speckles and fore femora not flattened and dilated, without a spine at apex.

Lallemand (1942) described the new genus Piela for a single species, P. singularis Lallemand, 1942 from Mt. Tianmu in Zhejiang Province in southeastern China. Since then, neither the genus nor the species was mentioned in the literature including Metcalf’s (1946) catalogue of the world Dictyopharidae . Our study shows that P. singularis Lallemand, 1942 is conspecific with S. fulgoroides ( Walker, 1858) (see Remarks below under S. fulgoroides ) and Piela Lallemand is then a new junior synonym of Saigona Matsumura, 1910 .

Distribution

China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Taiwan, Jilin, Heilongjiang); Korea; Indochina; Japan; Russia (Far Eastern Region).

References

Anufriev, G. A. & Emeljanov, A. F. (1988) Dictyopharidae. Pp. 480 - 483 in: Key to Insects of Soviet Far East 2. Leningrad.

Chou, I., Lu, J. - S., Huang, J. & Wang, S. - Z. (1985) Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 36, Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Science Press, Beijing, 152 pp. [In Chinese with English summary]

Distant, W. L. (1906) Rhynchotal notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7 (18), 349 - 356.

Distant, W. L. (1914) Some additions to the genera and species in the homopterous family Fulgoridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (13), 409 - 413.

Emeljanov, A. F. (1993) Morphological peculiarities of the larvae of the family Dictyopharidae (Homoptera). 1. General characteristic and a key to genera of the Palaearctic fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 72 (4), 794 - 812. [English translation in Entomological Review, 73 (5), 59 - 78, 1994.]

Lallemand, V. (1942) Notes sur quelques especes recueillies par Le R. Piel (Musee Heude Shanghai) et Le R. P. de Cooman (Hoa Binh, Tonkin). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 9, 69 - 77. [In French]

Lethierry, L. F. (1878) Homopteres nouveaux d'Europe et des contrees voisines. Deuxieme partie. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 21, 25 - 31.

Liang, A. - P. (2001) Taxonomic notes on Oriental and Easter Palaearctic Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 73 (4), 235 - 237.

Matsumura, S. (1905) Thousand Insects of Japan, vol. 2. 1 + 163 + 8 pp., pls. 18 - 35, Keiseisha, Tokyo. [In Japanese.]

Matsumura, S. (1910) Monographie der Dictyophorinen Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 3, 99 - 113.

Melichar, L. (1912) Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 7 (1), 1 - 221. [In German]

Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, MASS., 246 pp.

Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera). An annotated check list. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa. 550 pp.

Walker, F. (1858) List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Supplement. 307 pp.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 12. Dorsal habitus of Saigona species. 1. S. capitata (Distant, 1914), female. 2. S. fulgoroides (Walker, 1858), male, China. 3. same, female. 4. S. fuscoclypeata sp. nov., male, holotype, China: Shaanxi. 5. S. henanensis sp. nov., male, holotype, China: Henan. 6. S. latifasciata sp. nov., male, holotype, China: Yunnan. 7. S. robusta sp. nov., male, holotype, China: Hubei. 8. same, female, paratype. 9. S. sinicola sp. nov., male, holotype, China: Shaanxi. 10. same, female, paratype. 11. S. ussuriensis (Lethierry, 1878), male, Japan. 12. same, female.

FIGURES 13 – 15. Saigona capitata (Distant, 1914), female. 13. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 14. head and pronotum (lateral view). 15. head (ventral view).

FIGURES 16 – 25. Saigona fulgoroides (Walker, 1858), male. 16. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 17. head and pronotum (lateral view). 18. head (ventral view). 19. pygofer and anal tube (dorsal view). 20. genitalia (lateral view). 21. pygofer and parameres (ventral view). 22. right fore wing. 23. aedeagus (ventral view). 24. same (lateral view). 25. same (dorsal view).

FIGURES 26 – 35. Saigona fuscoclypeata sp. nov., male, holotype. 26. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 27. head and pronotum (lateral view). 28. head (ventral view). 29. pygofer and anal tube (dorsal view). 30. genitalia (lateral view). 31. pygofer and parameres (ventral view). 32. right fore wing. 33. aedeagus (ventral view). 34. same (lateral view). 35. same (dorsal view).

FIGURES 36 – 45. Saigona henanensis sp. nov., male, holotype. 36. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 37. head and pronotum (lateral view). 38. head (ventral view). 39. pygofer and anal tube (dorsal view). 40. genitalia (lateral view). 41. pygofer and parameres (ventral view). 42. right fore wing. 43. aedeagus (ventral view). 44. same (lateral view). 45. same (dorsal view).

FIGURES 46 – 55. Saigona latifasciata sp. nov., male, holotype. 46. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 47. head and pronotum (lateral view). 48. head (ventral view). 49. pygofer and anal tube (dorsal view). 50. genitalia (lateral view). 51. pygofer and parameres (ventral view). 52. right fore wing. 53. aedeagus (ventral view). 54. same (lateral view). 55. same (dorsal view).

FIGURES 56 – 65. Saigona robusta sp. nov., male, holotype. 56. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 57. head and pronotum (lateral view). 58. head (ventral view). 59. pygofer and anal tube (dorsal view). 60. genitalia (lateral view). 61. pygofer and parameres (ventral view). 62. right fore wing. 63. aedeagus (ventral view). 64. same (lateral view). 65. same (dorsal view).

FIGURES 66 – 75. Saigona sinicola sp. nov., male, holotype. 66. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 67. head and pronotum (lateral view). 68. head (ventral view). 69. pygofer and anal tube (dorsal view). 70. genitalia (lateral view). 71. pygofer and parameres (ventral view). 72. right fore wing. 73. aedeagus (ventral view). 74. same (lateral view). 75. same (dorsal view).

FIGURES 76 – 85. Saigona ussuriensis (Lethierry, 1878), male. 76. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 77. head and pronotum (lateral view). 78. head (ventral view). 79. pygofer and anal tube (dorsal view). 80. genitalia (lateral view). 81. pygofer and parameres (ventral view). 82. left fore wing. 83. aedeagus (ventral view). 84. same (lateral view). 85. same (dorsal view).

FIGURES 13 – 15. Saigona capitata (Distant, 1914), female. 13. head, pronotum and mesonotum (dorsal view). 14. head and pronotum (lateral view). 15. head (ventral view).