Lixinae, Schoenherr, 1823

Volovnik, Semyon V., Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Iderzorig, Badamnyambuu, Khobrakova, Larisa Ts., Kolov, Sergey V., Rudykh, Sergey G., Zabaluev, Ilya A. & Grebennikov, Vasily V., 2021, The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes, Zootaxa 5026 (2), pp. 201-220 : 207

Sampling of Lixinae

Most herein analysed specimens of Lixinae were sampled during our fieldwork in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia and Ukraine; the remaining specimens were accumulated through a network of correspondents (see Acknowledgements). All Cleonini specimens sampled by us were either hand-picked during the daytime from under items lying on the ground (mainly dry dung of domesticated ungulates, Fig. 2L )), or caught in unbaited pitfall traps; a few specimens were picked when walking on the ground or reared from root galls ( Fig. 2J ). Conversely, all Lixini and Rhinocyllini specimens were swept or hand-picked from vegetation. All specimens sequenced herein (including the outgroup) are deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes (Ottawa). Images and geographic data of each specimen reported in this work, either of Lixinae or non-Lixinae, are available online in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD, Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007; dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS21).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Cleonini weevils. A: Asproparthenis sp.; B–D: Bothynoderes declivis adult (B), larva (C) and pupa (D) in Salsola sp.; E: Cleonis pigra on Carduus sp.; F: Conorhynchus sp.; G: Cyphocleonus sp.; H: Cyphocleonus achates in pupal cell in Centaurea diffusa; I: Eumecops fasciculifer; J: Leucomigus candidatus root gall on Artemisia sp.; K–L: Microcleonus panderi (K) and its habitat (L); M: Pleurocleonus sp.; N: Scaphomorphus vibex; O: Stephanocleonus sp. Localities: A, F, G, I, K–N: Mongolia; B–E, H: Ukraine; O: Kazakhstan. Images and copyright: Badamnyambuu Iderzorig (A, F, G, I, K–N) and Semyon Volovnik (B–E, H).