Bistriopelma peyoi, Nicoletta & Chaparro & Mamani & Ochoa & West & Ferretti, 2020

Nicoletta, Micaela, Chaparro, Juan C., Mamani, Luis, Ochoa, José A., West, Rick C. & Ferretti, Nelson E., 2020, Two new endemic species of Bistriopelma (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Peru, including a new remarkable horned tarantula, European Journal of Taxonomy 644, pp. 1-20 : 3-10

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2020.644
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:36C56546-78BE-4878-86CC-2726568144BF
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3844367
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A64CE8C-D0A4-4100-A6E6-CC8C34BFC987
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A64CE8C-D0A4-4100-A6E6-CC8C34BFC987
treatment provided by	Valdenar
scientific name	Bistriopelma peyoi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Bistriopelma peyoi View in CoL sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A64CE8C-D0A4-4100-A6E6-CC8C34BFC987

Figs 1–7 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig , 14 View Fig

Diagnosis

Males of B. peyoi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other known species of Bistriopelma by a large projection of the cephalic region over a procurved fovea ( Figs 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig A–B) and by the tegulum of the palpal bulb with a short triangular basal projection (domed in the other known species) ( Fig. 4 View Fig A–B). Females resemble B. matuskai in the absence of fovea ( Figs 5 View Fig A–B, 6A–B) (present in B. lamasi , B. titicaca and B. kiwicha sp. nov.) and the undeveloped basal tubercles covered with maxillary cuspules ( Fig. 6E View Fig ) (developed in B. lamasi , B. titicaca and B. kiwicha sp. nov.), but differ by the color pattern with a patch of red hairs in the anterior dorsal abdomen (absent in B. matuskai, Kaderka 2015 : fig. 21), the yellowish hairs on carapace margins and cephalic area (a small patch of rose hairs are present in cephalic area of B. matuskai, Kaderka 2015 : fig. 21) and by the long red hairs on ventral coXae, trochanter and femora (absent in B. matuskai, Kaderka 2015 : fig. 21) ( Fig. 5 View Fig A–B), and by the presence of a posterior band of dark pubescence in maxillae ( Fig. 6 View Fig D–E). In addition, females can be distinguished from the other known species by the spermathecal receptacles with large granules pointing outwards ( Fig. 7 View Fig ).

Etymology

The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of the Belgian cartoonist Pierre Culliford (1928–1992), mostly known by his pseudonym ʻPeyoʼ, who created the comic strip ʻThe Smurfsʼ. The type locality of this new species is located near the Pampachiri Stone Forest, which is known as Smurf’s house because

of the conical rock formations. Moreover, the prominent projection of the cephalic region of the male resembles the shape of the Smurfs’ hats.

Material examined

Holotype

PERU • ♂; Apurimac, Aymaraes, Tapairihua, Ayamachay ; 14°15′45.00″ S, 73°28′7.71″ W; 3861 m a.s.l.; 9 Dec. 2018; J.C. Chaparro, L. Mamani leg.; MUBI 73 . GoogleMaps

Paratypes

PERU • 3 ♀♀; Apurimac, Aymaraes, Tapairihua, Pampachiri ; 13°55′37.79″ S, 73°26′4.94″ W; 4027 m a.s.l.; 8 Dec. 2018; J.C. Chaparro, L. Mamani leg.; MUBI 70 GoogleMaps .

Description

Male (holotype, MUBI 73)

COLORATION. Live specimens: Carapace dark covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect; abdomen black dorsally covered with long red hairs mainly on proximal region and on patches of urticating setae; spinnerets black; legs dark with pale yellow hairs mainly on femora, patellae and tibiae ( Fig. 1 View Fig ). In ethanol: carapace reddish brown covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect mainly on cephalic region, central thoracic region and carapace margins; abdomen black covered with long pale setae and patch of long yellow setae on dorsal apical region with two dorsolateral patches of urticating setae, ventrally black with book lung markings and region above epigastric furrow light brown, spinnerets black; legs brown covered with pale setae, labium and maxillae yellowish brown, sternum brown ( Fig. 2 View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS. Total length, without chelicerae and spinnerets: 18.89. Carapace: length 8.87, width 8.59. Abdomen: length 9.22. Eye tubercle: length 1.19, width 1.52. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.38, PME 0.16, PLE 0.39, AME–AME 0.37, AME–ALE 0.16, PME–PME 0.70, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.21. Labium: length 1.46, width 1.25. Sternum: length 4.09, width 3.91. Length of legs and palpal segments in Table 1 View Table 1 .

CEPHALOTHORAX. Cephalic region with prominent projection over procurved fovea ( Fig. 2 View Fig A–B). Clypeus very narrow. Anterior eye row procurved and posterior eye row recurved ( Fig. 2H View Fig ). Labium with 7 cuspules ( Fig. 2G View Fig ). MaXillae with 78–91 (right/left) cuspules ( Fig. 2 View Fig F–G). Apical half of maXillae ventrally covered with short spiniform setae. Sternal sigillae small and narrow, located near coxa III (elongated), II and I (oval). All sigillae distant about 2 diameters from margin. Chelicerae with 9 welldeveloped teeth on promargin of furrow and absence of tooth on retromargin.

ABDOMEN. Urticating setae: Type III located in two dorsolateral patches with elongated golden setae ( Fig. 2C View Fig ). Spinnerets: PMS, 0.74 long; PLS, three-segmented, 3.15 long.

LEGS AND PALPS. Leg formula: I> IV> II> III. All paired tarsal claws with 3–4 ventral teeth on each. Scopulae: Ventrally all tarsi fully scopulated. Tarsi I and II entire, III and IV divided by band of setae. Metatarsus I ⅓ scopulated, II ½ scopulated, III ½ scopulated, IV ⅓ scopulated. Dorsal face of all tarsi with two longitudinal rows of claviform trichobothria. Tibia I two-branched tibial apophysis: ventral branch with single strong apical spine and prolateral branch with single inner strong spine, of same length as branch ( Fig. 3 View Fig C–D). Metatarsus I contacts apex of ventral branch of tibial apophysis when fleXed ( Fig. 3C View Fig ). Palps with cymbial lobes almost equal in sizes covered with long setae ( Fig. 3 View Fig A–B). Tibia tapering to the apex.

SPINATION. Femora, patellae and tarsi of legs I–IV and palps 0. Tibiae: palp 0; legs: I 2r (apical), 1–1p, 1–1–1v; II 1–1–1–1–2–4v; III 1r (apical), 1–1p, 1–1v; IV 1r (apical), 1–1–2v. Metatarsi: I 1v (apical); II 1–1d, 1p (basal), 1–2v; III 1–1d, 1–1r, 1–1–1–1–2p, 1–2v; IV 1–1r, 1–1–1–1–1–2p, 1–2v.

PALPAL BULB. Bulb with narrow embolus projecting retrolaterally from tegulum, sigmoidly curved, and two close subparallel smooth keels, PS and PI ( Fig. 4 View Fig A–B). Tegulum with short triangular basal projection ( Fig. 4A View Fig ).

Female (paratype, MUBI 70)

COLORATION. Live specimen: Carapace dark covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect mainly on cephalic region and margins; abdomen black dorsally covered with long red hairs mainly on proximal region and on patches of urticating setae; spinnerets black; legs dark with reddish hairs mainly ventrally on femora, patellae and tibiae ( Fig. 5 View Fig A–B). In ethanol: Carapace brown covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect mainly on cephalic region and carapace margins; abdomen black covered with long pale setae and patch of long yellow setae on dorsal apical region with two dorsolateral patches of urticating setae, spinnerets black; legs and sternum ventrally dark brown; labium and maxillae reddish brown ( Fig. 6 View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS. Total length, without chelicerae and spinnerets: 26.21. Carapace: length 9.27, width 8.30. Abdomen: length 12.92. Clypeus: 0.38. Eye tubercle: length 0.91, width 1.42. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.33, PME 0.16, PLE 0.36, AME–AME 0.32, AME–ALE 0.21, PME– PME 0.63, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.23. Labium: length 1.36, width 1.91. Sternum: length 4.77, width 4.63. Length of legs and palpal segments in Table 2.

CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace without fovea and cephalic region raised ( Fig. 6 View Fig A–B). Anterior eye row slightly procurved and posterior eye row recurved ( Fig. 6F View Fig ). Labium with 11 cuspules ( Fig. 6E View Fig ). MaXillae with 99–105 (right/left) cuspules ( Fig. 6E View Fig ). Apical half of maXillae ventrally covered with short spiniform setae and dark pubescence on basal ventral maxillae ( Fig. 6 View Fig D–E). Sternal sigillae small and narrow, located near coxa III (elongated), II and I (oval). All sigillae distant about 2 diameters from margin. Chelicerae with 8 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 1 very small tooth on retromargin.

ABDOMEN. Urticating setae: Type III located in two dorsolateral patches with elongated golden setae ( Fig. 6C View Fig ). Spinnerets: PMS, 0.96 long; PLS, three-segmented, 3.61 long.

LEGS AND PALPS. Leg formula: I> IV> II> III. All paired tarsal claws with 3–4 ventral teeth on each. Scopulae: Ventrally all tarsi fully scopulated and not divided. Metatarsi I fully scopulated, II ⅔ scopulated, III ⅔ scopulated, IV ½ scopulated. Dorsal face of all tarsi with two longitudinal rows of claviform trichobothria.

SPINATION. Femora, patellae and tarsi of legs I–IV and palps 0. Tibiae: palp 2v (apical); legs I–IV 0. Metatarsi: I 1v (apical); II 2v (apical); III 1–1r, 1p; IV 1–1r, 1p (apical), 3v (apical).

SPERMATHECA. Two separated seminal receptacles with large granules, each distally ended with oval lobe pointing outwards without ventral projections ( Fig. 7 View Fig ).

Distribution and natural history

Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. is known from Pampachiri and Ayamachai ( Figs 5C View Fig , 14 View Fig ), Department Apurimac, Peru, at elevations from 3861 to 4027 m a.s.l, and both are separated by 37 km in a straight line. Specimens were collected during the rainy season (December), under rocks, between bushes and rocky areas ( Fig. 5C View Fig ). This species inhabits high Andean puna, where most of the area was covered by pasturelands and introduced pine trees. Throughout the area we could find small villages, farming, and grazing activities of cows and sheep.