Dicromantispa synapsis Hoffman, 2002

MACHADO, RENATO JOSÉ PIRES & RAFAEL, JOSÉ ALBERTINO, 2010, Taxonomy of the Brazilian species previously placed in Mantispa Illiger, 1798 (Neuroptera: Mantispidae), with the description of three new species, Zootaxa 2454 (1), pp. 1-61 : 30-33

Dicromantispa synapsis Hoffman, 2002

(Figs. 15–16)

(non) Mantispa lineaticollis ; Penny 1977: 35 (list.); Penny 1982b: 445, Figs. 68–73 (redesc.); Penny & Costa 1983: 643 (redesc.); Carvalho & Corseuil 1995: 849, Figs. 17–22 (redesc.).

Dicromantispa synapsis Hoffman, 2002: 260 , Figs. 573, 577, 583; Ohl 2004: 169 (cat.) Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia. Holotype male (PMNH) not studied.

Redescription, male. Vertex predominantly brown except yellow lateral stripes that border eyes and a transverse stripe on anterior half. Some specimens with yellow narrow longitudinal central stripe on posterior half (Fig. 15d). Head in frontal view almost completely yellow, except for central longitudinal dark brown stripe beginning between antennae and ending at labrum. This stripe is interrupted at frons. Labrum yellow area slightly darker than other head sclerites (Fig. 15a). Mandible dark brown; other mouthparts reddish brown to yellow. Some specimens with mandible apex reddish brown. Antenna with scape yellow ventrally and light brown to yellow dorsally. Flagellum dark brown, pedicel light brown or with dorsal surface yellow in some specimens (Fig. 15a).

Pronotum: nearly straight in lateral view, with few setae in proximal and distal regions arising directly from it surface. Length-width-ratio at maculae: 6.5–8.2. Light brown to yellow except between the anterior border and maculae dark brown. Some specimens with a small, slightly dark, longitudinal stripe in brown area (Fig. 15d). Mesonotum: with three longitudinal dark brown stripes, one central and two lateral, with yellow stripes between them. Yellow stripes bent laterally at anterior border (Fig. 15d). Most specimens with rounded yellow spot near wing base. Metanotum: dark brown (Fig. 15d). Mesoscutellum dark brown, except yellow lateral border. Metascutellum completely dark brown or similar to mesoscutellum. Both scutella with 5–11 pores each one. Pteropleura predominantly yellow, except for a few small dark brown spots in mesanepisternum and mesokatepisternum (Fig. 15b). Some specimens with small brown spots on posterior border of pleurites.

Foreleg: coxa yellow, trochanter, tibia, tarsomeres and femur posterior surface reddish brown (Fig. 15f), femur anterior surface dark reddish brown medially and light reddish brown laterally (Fig. 15e). Mid and hindlegs yellow; some specimens with midcoxa light brown (Fig. 15b). Tarsal claws with five or six teeth.

Forewing: length 8.5–11.9 mm, 7–8 costal crossveins and 9–13 veins extend posteriorly from RP. Hyaline, except at base of cells 1M, 1Cu, 1AA, 1AP, radial triangle, and space between Sc and RA brown. Cell 1AP apex light yellow. Pterostigma reddish-brown. Veins brown, except AP2, AP1, and base of CuA and AA yellow. Apex of C, Sc, and RA with same color of pterostigma (Fig. 15g). Hindwing: 5–6 costal crossveins and 9–13 veins extended posteriorly from RP; hyaline, except light brown basally. Pterostigma reddish-brown to slightly light in some specimens. Veins with color pattern similar to forewing, except CuA, brown and C, Sc, and RA yellow in medial region (Fig. 15g).

Abdomen mainly yellow with a central longitudinal dark brown stripe dorsally and ventrally. Stripe wider on sternites and posteriorly on tergites. Pleura dark brown. Ectoproct black in southern specimens. Tergites IV–VI with 2 groups of 2 pores in the Amazonian specimens and 5–6 pores in the southern species, in two transverse parallel rows anterolaterally; each group with one or two large pores or a scar between them ( Fig. 16a ).

Terminalia: ectoproct posterior border rounded. Ventromedial lobe completely sclerotized, curved with wide internal bend ( Fig. 16b ) with 2–9 stout setae; and narrow external bend with 2–7 stout setae ( Fig. 16c ). Sternite IX subpentagonal with small lobe at apex in ventral view ( Fig. 16d ). Gonarcus without median lobe ( Fig. 16f ), but with two small lateral lobes, easily seen in posterior view ( Fig. 16e ); basal extremity narrow in lateral view ( Fig. 16h ). Gonocoxite with apex bent medially in ventral view ( Fig. 16g ). Mediuncus basal half wider in lateral view and apex bifurcate in ventral view ( Fig. 16g, h ). Gonarcal membrane with medial group of spinules wider than long, touching gonocoxite apex ( Fig. 16g ). Pseudopenal membrane as long as or slightly shorter than pseudopenis and with small scales on dorsal surface ( Fig. 16g ). Hypomere apex rounded

Female. Similar to male, except pteropleura darker, mesopreepisternum, mesepisternum, mesanepisternum and metanepisternum black (Fig. 15c), mid and hindcoxae dark brown (Fig. 15c), forewing length 8.9–12.7 mm, 6–7 costal crossveins, 9–12 veins extend posterioriorly from RP.

Terminalia: ectoproct as long as or slightly shorter than gonocoxite ( Fig. 16l ). Sternite VIII with constant width in lateral view; in ventral view, apex rounded and partially covered by sternite VII, in some specimens. Sternite VII apex with small median lobe ( Fig. 16j ). Anterior to bursa, there is subrectangular plate covered by spinules ( Fig. 16k ). Spermathecal duct coiled with small lateral basal expansion ( Fig. 16k ), Fertilization canal narrow. Capsule covered by minuscule setae ( Fig. 16i ).

Geographic data. Neotropical, with records from Costa Rica to Brazil ( Hoffman 2002). Is widely distributed in Brazil, from Amazonia to southern states ( Penny & Costa 1983; Carvalho & Corseuil 1995) (mentioned as M. lineaticollis ).

Bionomy. Labels suggest that this species may be collected at any time of year; June is the only month that is not on the labels. Nothing is known about its biology.

Discussion. During this study, we realized that descriptions of some specimens, such as M. lineaticolis in Penny & Costa (1983), were very similar to the original description of D. synapsis ( Hoffman, 2002) . We requested the M. lineaticolis type material from the MZPW and discovered that it was on loan to Dr. Michael Ohl at the ZMB, who sent us high resolution images of the type specimen. From these images, we established it as a new synonym of D. debilis . Based on this, we concluded that some specimens, such as M. lineaticolis ( Penny & Costa 1983), are in fact a new species that was later described by Hoffman (2002) as D. synapsis . Penny & Costa (1983) predicted this possible misidentification because they did not analyze the type material of M. lineaticolis . Carvalho & Corseuil (1995) also erred with this species in describing the Mantispinae from Rio Grande do Sul. Based on this new proposal, all specimens previously attributed to M. lineaticollis in Penny & Costa (1983) and Carvalho & Corseuil (1995) are now D. synapsis .

Material examined: Brazil: Amazonas: Rio Juruá, Carauari, i.1982 (1 ♀ – INPA); Parque Nacional do Jaú, Rio Carabinami, 01°59’S – 61°32’W, iv.1994, luz (1 ♀ – INPA); Manaus, ZF-2, torre 40 m, 02°35’21’’S – 60°06’55’’W, i.iv– v.viii –xi.2004, Luz (1 ♂, 8 ♀ – INPA); x–xi.2003 (2 ♂ – MNRJ); xi.2005, luz móvel (1 ♂, 2 ♀ – INPA); R[eserva] Ducke, iv.1990 (1 ♂ – INPA); Manaus–Itacoatiara, Km 244, i.1977, comparado com tipo de Mantispa moulti Navás, N.D.Penny 1980 , comparado com tipo de Mantispa gounrllei Navás, N.D.Penny 1980 , Mantispa lineaticollis Enderlein det. N.D.Penny 1982 (1 ♂ – INPA) P[residente] Figueiredo, Est[rada] para Balbina, Km-24, 02°35’21’’S – 60°06’55’’W, x.2003 (1 ♀ – INPA); Pará: Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, ALCOA:MINER, Km:22, xi.1982 (2 ♂, 1♀ – INPA); Rio de Janeiro: Angra-Jussaral, iii.1935, Mantispa gracilis Erichson , det. N. D. Penny 1982 (1?– DZUP); Jussaral, v.1934 (1 ♀ – MNRJ); Itatiaia (Sede PNI), vii.1960 (1 ♀ – DZUP); Tijuca: Vista do Almirante, v.1956 (1 ♂ – MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro; Jardim Botânico (1 ♀ – MNRJ); São Paulo: Salesópolis: Est. Biológica Boracéia, x.1963 (1 ♀ – MZUSP); sede, luz, xii.2001, 23°39’16’’S – 45°53’22’’W (1 ♀ – MZUSP); Casa Grande: Pedreira, luz, x.1974, Mantispa moulti Navás , det. N. D. Penny, 1982 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – MZUSP); Paraná: Fênix, x.1985 (1 ♂ – DZUP); Tijucas do Sul: Vossoroca, xii.1987 (1 ♂ – DZUP); Piraquara: Manancial da Serra Mar, 25°29’46’’S – 48°58’54’’W, xii.2006, luz (4 ♂ – INPA); Guaratuba: Estr. Castelhanos: Serra do Mar, 600m, 25°49’53’’S – 48°55’53’’W, ii.2007, luz (1 ♀ – INPA); Pontal do Itararé, iv.2005, luz (1 ♀ – INPA).

Figures

FIGURE 16. Dicromantispa synapsis: male: a, abdominal tergites; b, terminalia, dorsal view; c, ectoproct, ventral view; d, sternite IX, ventral view; e, gonarcus, posterior view; f, gonarcus, dorsal view; g, genitalia, ventral view; h, genitalia, lateral view; female: i, fertilization canal; j, sternite VIII and posterior border of sternite VII, ventral view; k,