Panscopus (Panscopus) impressus Pierce, 1913

Spanton, Timothy G. & Anderson, Robert S., 2016, A Taxonomic Revision of Weevils of the Genus Panscopus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Tropiphorini), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 15) 70, pp. 1-86 : 18-20

Panscopus (Panscopus) impressus Pierce, 1913

( Figs. 5 , 31 , 55 , Map 5 )

Panscopus (Nomidus) impressus Pierce 1913: 395 . Leng 1920: 312.

Panscopus impressus ; Blatchley 1916: 106; O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 63.

Panscopus (Panscopus) impressus ; Buchanan 1927: 27, 1936: 4; Schenkling and Marshall 1931: 40; Blackwelder 1939: 66.

Panscopus (Panscopus) impressus thoracicus Buchanan 1936: 4 ; Blackwelder 1939: 66; Ciegler 2010: 199.

Panscopus (Panscopus) alternatus ; Pierce 1913: 394 (misidentification, not Schaeffer 1908).

Type Material. Holotype female: “Stone Cr. / Lee Co. Va.; Coil. Hubbard /& Schwarz ; TYPE/ No.14642/ USNM (red label); Panscopus / impressus / Pierce ” . Paratypes: “Stone Cr./ Lee Co. Va.; Coll. Hubbard /& Schwarz; Paratype / No.14642 / USNM (red label)” 2 ( USNM) .

In addition, the following type material of P. impressus thoracicus was examined. Holotype male: “Round Knob / 24- 6 N. C.; Coll Hubbard / & Schwarz”; TYPE USNM 50831 Panscopus thoracicus Buchanan (red label); “ Panscopus / impressus / Pierce / subsp./ thoracicus / male type Buch.”. Paratypes: “Round Knob / 26- 6 N. C.; Coll Hubbard / & Schwarz; USNM / Paratype No. / 50831” (red label) [3, USNM; 1 CASC]; “ Black Mount / N.C. IX.13; BROOKLYN / MUSEUM/ COLL. 1929; alternatus/ (in Brook./ Mus coil.); USNM / Paratype No./ 50831 [3, USNM]. Black Mountains, N.C., VII-6-1912, VII-1 0-1912, VII-16-1912, VII-21-1912, Beutenmuller, Casey bequest 1925, PARATYPE USNM 50831 [4, plus 2 others not bearing paratype label, USNM]; Black Mountain, Late May 1910, F. Sherman [1 USNM] .

Diagnosis. Adults of P. impressus exhibit the subgeneric characters of Panscopus (sensu stricto) in having a pair of setae inserted about the middle of the ventral surface of the prementum and elytral humeral angles sinuous. In addition, the costate and stoutly setose alternate elytral intervals, flat non-setose even intervals, and pronotum with sides markedly curved, widest at or slightly anterior to middle, distinguish them as belonging to this species.

Redescription. Females: Length 7.1–9.1 mm (n = 10); width across elytra 3.1–4.0 mm (n = 10). Males: Length 6.5–7.8 mm (n = 8); width across elytra 2.6–3.0 mm (n = 8). Head: Frons separated from rostrum, in lateral view, by broad, transverse depression between eyes; rostrum unicarinate, median longitudinal carina low and covered with vestiture; angular nasal plate glabrous, distinctly delineated; vestiture of frons and rostrum of dense, overlapping, appressed scales, incomplete row of sparsely distributed, decumbent, slightly flattened setae on rostrum, loose group of 7–8 setae supraorbitally. Antennae: Scape extending to or beyond middle of eye when next to head and rostrum; scape covered in dense, flat scales, and sparsely distributed, decumbent setae, nearly obscuring integument over most of its length; antennomeres 2–8 (especially 2 and 3) shiny, with scattered, decumbent, thin setae, antennomeres 7 and 8 with additional fine setae, more densely distributed over surface. Pronotum: Approximately 1/4 wider than long; lateral margins convex, more markedly so in males; median longitudinal sulcus a rounded trough more pronounced at anterior third; surface irregularly rugosetuberculate, with dense vestiture of flat, appressed, striate scales and scattered, decumbent setae. Elytra: Broadly oval in dorsal view, approximately 3/4 of length in females, proportionately narrower in males; declivity rounded in lateral view, posterior margin reflexed ventrally near apex; alternate (oddnumbered) intervals elevated, slightly carinate, with partly double rows of coarse, decumbent to semierect setae directed posteriorly; even intervals flat, or nearly so, and with few or no setae; serial punctures obvious, each with slightly oblong scale; surface vestiture of dense, overlapping, appressed, striate scales variably colored from brown to beige to cupreous in patches, mottled greyish brown in color with irregular darker and lighter patches. Legs: Tibiae 1 and 2 with row of 2–5 stiff spines, about same length as surrounding setae on ventromedial margin in apical half; tibia 3 with small mucro at apex; corbellar area near apex of tibia narrowly and indistinctly closed. Abdomen: With 5 ventrites in males and females; in females, ventrites 1 and 2 slightly convex at middle; in males, ventrite 1 markedly concave at middle, ventrite 2 less so. Genitalia: Females ( Figs. 5 , 31 ): Tergum VIII broadly convex dorsally, rounded apically, sternum VIII (spiculum ventrale) with apical expansion broad and slightly convex ventrally, rounded at apices, cleft medially in apical third, with fine setae apically, directed posteroventrally, coxites 1 and 2 angular in dorsal view, narrowed apically, styli with 3 or 4 fine setae apically, vagina membranous, no sclerotized structures internally; spermatheca slightly scythe-shaped, thin and tapering, acute apically. Males ( Fig. 55 ): Aedeagus slightly recurved, concave ventrally, apex broadly rounded apically in dorsal view; manubrium of tegmen nearly as long as median lobe; median struts approximately 1/3 longer than median lobe; surface texture of internal sac granular, with small field of small sclerotized denticles, apex (anterior end in inverted sac) of internal sac contains oblong, transverse small sclerite and 2 thin, tapering, small sclerites oriented longitudinally, one on each side.

Life History. Most adults were collected in May, June, and July, with a few in August and September. Single specimens have been taken in pitfall traps in early April, September, and October. A number of specimens were extracted from leaf litter in March through May.

Plant Associations. One of us (TGS) collected adult specimens from shrubs or young saplings of Carpinus caroliniana Walter (Betulaceae) , Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. (Fagaceae) , Cornus sp. possibly drummondi Meyer (roughleaf dogwood, Cornaceae ), Crataegus pruinosa (H.L. Wendl.) K. Koch (Rosaceae) , Betula alleghaniensis Britton , Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch (Betulaceae) , and Vaccinium sp. in forests of predominantly deciduous trees, with a few mixed conifers, in the southern Appalachian region. Adults of this species are not host specific and seem capable of feeding on the leaves of a large number of broad-leaf shrubs and young trees. A few specimens bear labels indicating they were taken from Smilax L. ( Smilacaceae ) and “silverbell” (genus Halesia J. Ellis ex L. ( Styracaceae )). Other clues to the habitat affinities of this species, taken from specimen labels, include three specimens sifted from Quercus-Fraxinus litter and one specimen taken on the forest floor under Abies Mill. (Pinaceae) .

Geographical Distribution. This species occurs in the southern Appalachian region at elevations between 610 and 1,680 m. It occurs in AL, GA, KY, NC, PA, SC, TN, VA, and WV ( Map 5 ).

Chorological Affinities. The ranges of P. impressus and P. erinaceus are adjacent but non-overlapping.

Material Examined. In addition to the holotype, approximately 220 specimens were examined. USA: Alabama: Clay Co., Pyziton, H.H. Smith (1, USNM). Randolph Co., Vadley, H.H. Smith (1, USNM). Georgia: Clarke Co., Whitehall Forest, 21.IV.1976, R. Turnbow (2, CWOB); Whitehall Forest, 24.VII.1977, R. Turnbow, pitfall (1, RHTC); Whitehall Forest, 1-5.V.1977, 19-26.VII.19 77, 26. IX.- 3.X.19 77, R. Turnbow, pitfall (3, CWOB); Whitehall Forest, 5-15.IX.1978, 2-11.IV.1979, C.L. Smith, pitfall (2, CWOB). Dade Co., Cloudland Canyon State Park, 8.V.1952, O. Peck (1, CNCI). Towns Co., High School Falls Trail, 3.VII.1984, R. Turnbow (1, CWOB); Hwy 75 at Appalachian Trail, 2.VII.1984, R. Turnbow (1, CWOB; 1, RHTC); Brasstown, Bald Mountain on Highway 180, 19.VI.1993, R. Morris (1, CMNC). White Co., Andrew’ s Cove Campground, 10 km N Robertstown, 18.IV-1.V.1988, T.G. Spanton, ex: Cornus sp. , Carpinus caroliniana , Fagus grandifolia (10, CMNC); County unknown: Thomson’ s Mills (1, USNM). Kentucky: Edmonson Co., Mammoth Cave National Park, Entrance Trail, 24.VI.1988, R. Anderson, berlese hardwood litter (1, CMNC). “KY”, ex H. Ulke collection (2, CMNH). North Carolina: Buncombe Co., 16 km N Asheville, 29. VII.1979, D.R. Whitehead (1, USNM). Haywood Co., Sunburst, 30.VI.1935, O.L. Cartwright (2, CASC). Henderson Co., Hickory Nut Gorge, Bat Cave, 30.VIII.1974, D.R. Whitehead (3, USNM). Jackson Co., Cullowhee, Cane Ck., 2300’, 5-25. V.1984, S. Marshall (1, CMNC); Balsam 16.VI-8. VII.1910, Blatchley Collection (2, PURC); Balsam, 7.VII.1917, H.W. Wenzel (3, OSUC); Balsam, 26. VI.1956, 22.IX.1956, 7.VII.1958, 15.VII.1958, 29.VI.1959, 12.VI.1961, W. Rosenburg (6, FMNH); 25.VI.1949, 22.VII.1956, 28.VII.1956, 6.VIII.1956, 17.VIII.1957, 7.VII.1958, 15.VII.1958, 6.VIII.1958, W. Rosenberg (9, USNM); Balsam, 14.VI.1957, 19. VII.1960, 2.IX.1960, W. Rosenberg (3, CWOB); Balsam, Jones Knob, 1370 m, 15.VI.1960, W. Rosenberg (1, CWOB); Balsam, Jones Knob, 1680 m, 23.IX.1960, W. Rosenberg (1, CWOB). Macon Co., Highlands, VI.1957, H.F. Howden (3, CMNC); Highlands 1158 m, 2.VI.1957, W.J. Brown (1, CWOB); Highlands 1158 m, 26.V.1957, J.R. Vockeroth (1, CNCI), 2.VI.1957, 7.VI.1957, 11.VI.1957, 13.VI.1957, 20.VI.1957, W.J. Brown (8, CNCI); Highlands, 5 km S, 29.V.1970, W.R. Suter, litter under Rhododendron (1, CWOB); 1.5 mi. N.W. Highlands, 3400’, 2.VII.1983, J. Pakaluk, beating mixed vegetation (1, CMNC); 6.4 km N Franklin, 18.XI.1976, L. E. Watrous, berlese, thin litter near river (1, CWOB); Coweeta Station, Shope Fork Road, 1100 m, 30.V.1983, D.S. Chandler, sifting Quercus-Fraxinus litter (4, CWOB); Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, 13.VII.1974, 20.VI.1979, R. Turnbow (2, CWOB), 13.VII.1974, 3.VII.1983, R. Turnbow (2, RHTC); Standing Indian Campground, 5 km. S.E. Rainbow Springs, 25-26.V.1988, E. Fuller, sweeping, at night (2, CMNC); same, 5 mi S.E. Rainbow Springs, 25-30.V.1988, T.G. Spanton, Vaccinium sp. (8, CMNC). Randolph Co., Ashboro, 3.IV.1929, C.R. Crosby (1, CUIC). Transylvania Co., 26 km N Rosman, 1650 m, 31.VI.1979, D.R. Whitehead (1, USNM); 8 km N Balsam Grove, 2.VIII.1979, D.R. Whitehead (1, USNM). Yancey Co., Mt. Mitchell, 31.V.1973, Forest floor fir, 12. VI.1973, litter at log, W.R. Suter (2, CWOB); Valley of Black Mountains., 20-30.VI.1906, 16.IX.1906, W. Beutenmuller (2, AMNH); Black Mountain Campground, 8 km due E. Mt. Mitchell, 31.V-1. VI.1988, T. G. Spanton, Betula alleghaniensis , night (3, CMNC); Black Mountains, 8.VI., 10.VI., 22.VI., 20.VII. (10, AMNH); Black Mountains, VI.1902, Van Dyke Coll. (2, CASC); Black Mountains, 27.V- 29.VII.1912, Beutenmuller (20, CASC); Highlands, 1.V.1957, H. F. Howden (1, CNCI); Hubbard & Schwarz (1, USNM). Counties unknown: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Bone Valley Creek, 21-24.VI.1964, J.F. Cornell, sweeping (1, CWOB). Pennsylvania: Fayette Co., Indian Creek, 16.VI.1941 (2, INHS). South Carolina: Oconee Co., Long Creek, 24.X.1933, J.G. Watts (1, USNM). Pickens Co., 5 km S Rocky Bottom, 29.IV.1973, R. Turnbow, berlese in litter (1, CWOB). Tennessee: Anderson Co., AEC Controlled Area, Oak Ridge, 14.IV.1956, Auerbach, leaf mold (1, CMNC). Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cove Forest 3000’, 20.VII.1947, R.H. Whittaker (2, INHS); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Green Briar Cove, 610 m., 28.X.1954, H. & A. Howden (1, CMNC). Knox Co., Knoxville, 20. V.1957 W.R.M. Mason (1, CNCI). Sevier Co., Elkmont, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 11.VI.1967, F.J. Moore (1, OSUC); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, 14.VI.1942, H.S. Dybas (2, FMNH); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, 21.VII.1947, R.H. Whittaker (2, USNM); Great Smoky Mountains National Park nr. Gatlinburg, 15-19.VI.1966, A.E. Lewis (1, CWOB); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 19.VI.1930, C.H. Seevers (1, FMNH); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 21.VI.1942, D. J. & J.N. Knull (2, OSUC); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 610 m, 21.V.1955, H. & A. Howden, Smilax (1, CMNC); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 610 m, 23.VII.1955, H. & A. Howden, silverbell (5, CMNC); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Goshen Prong, 269680E 3943539N, 17-30.VII.2001, I.C. Stocks, malaise trap (1, CMNC); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Laurel Falls Trail, 35°40′19′N, 83°35′36″W, 747m, 1. VII.2001, C. Carlton et al., Epifagus berlese (1, CMNC); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Middle Prong Trail, 670m, 35°36′84″N, 83°39′41″W, 17.VI.2006, J. Hudson et al., forest litter (2, CMNC). Virginia: Lee Co., 0.8 km. E. Stone Creek, 440m, 36.776 −83.04735, 10.IV.2016, R.S. Anderson, hardwood, Rhododendron litter, 2016-025 (1, CMNC). Wise Co., High Knob Recreation Area, 1170m, 36.89636 −82.63106, 11.IV.2016, R.S. Anderson, hardwood litter, 2016-028 (1, CMNC). West Virginia: Fayette Co., Cunard, 18-30.VII.1989, R. Canterbury, pitfall trap (1, CMNC).

Figures

Map 5. Geographical distribution of Panscopus impressus.

Figs. 1–8. Panscopus species, sternum 8 (spiculum ventrale), ventral (a) and left lateral (b) views. 1) P. maculosus; 2) P. ovatipennis; 3) P. alternatus; 4) P. erinaceus; 5) P. impressus; 6) P. costatus; 7) P. capizzii; 8) P. convergens. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs. 27–32. Panscopus species, coxites and vagina, dorsal (a), ventral (b), and left lateral (c) views. 27) P.maculosus; 28) P. ovatipennis; 29) P. alternatus; 30) P. erinaceus; 31) P. impressus; 32) P. costatus. cx = coxites; st = stylus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs. 53–55. Panscopus species, aedeagus, dorsal (a), ventral (b), and left lateral (c) views. 53) P. ovatipennis; 54) P. alternatus; 55) P. impressus. b = belt of tegmen; is = internal sac; mb = manubrium of tegmen; ml = median lobe; ms = median strut; t = tegmen. Scale bar = 1 mm.