Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1810)

Cláudio, Vinícius C., Barbosa, Gedimar P., Rocha, Vlamir J. & Rassy, Ricardo Moratelli Fabrício B., 2020, The bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Carlos Botelho State Park, Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, including new distribution records for the state of São Paulo, Zoologia (e 36514) 37, pp. 1-32 : 17-18

Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1810)

Fig. 25

Taxonomy. Sturnira Gray, 1842 is represented in Brazil by S. giannae Velazco & Patterson, 2019 , S. lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1810) , S. magna de la Torre, 1966 and S. tildae de la Torre, 1959 ( Velazco and Patterson 2013, Nogueira et al. 2014). Sturnira magna is one of the largest species of the genus, is recorded only in Acre state, Amazon biome, and can be easily distinguished from the other three congeners in Brazil by the forearm size (> 55 mm in S. magna and <51 mm in S. giannae , S. lilium and S. tildae ) ( Giannini and Barquez 2003, Gardner 2008d, Díaz et al. 2016, Velazco and Patterson 2019). Sturnira lilium can be easily distinguished from S. giannae by the length of the ventral fur (6–8 mm in S. lilium and 3–5 mm in S. giannae ); the length of the dorsal fur (> 8 mm in S. lilium and 4–6 mm in S. giannae ); and by the long hairs on the trailing edge of the uropatagium (short hairs in S. giannae – Velazco and Patterson 2019). Sturnira lilium and S. tildae differ in some morphological characters: S. lilium is smaller than S. tildae (forearm 39–45 mm in S. lilium and 44–51 mm in S.tildae ); the dorsal fur is bicolored in S. lilium and strongly tetracolored in S. tildae ; in S. lilium the inner upper incisors are narrow and usually pointed, while in S. tildae they are flattened and weakly bilobed; and the lingual cusps of M 1 and M 2 in S. lilium are always tall and separated by a deep notch (“serrated condition”), while in S. tildae they are separated by shallow notches and lack vertical edges ( Gannon et al. 1989, Simmons and Voss 1998 Lim and Engstrom 2001, Gianinni and Barquez 2003, Gardner 2008d, López-Baucells et al. 2016, Velazco and Patterson 2019). Specimens from PECB (ZSP 002; see Table 7 for measurements) presented a tetracolored dorsal fur, with narrow whitish basis, followed by a light brown band, a paler cream band and a mid-brown distal band, sometimes orangish brown; the contrast between the three first bands is poor, differing from the strong contrast observed in the specimens of S. tildae from PECB ( Fig. 30). This condition is divergent from the pattern recorded by other authors – according to Gannon et al. (1989), Lim and Engstrom (2001), López-Baucells et al. (2016) and Velazco and Patterson (2019) the dorsal fur is bicolored in S. lilium . Venter is grayish light brown. Yellow patches on the shoulders were observed in some individuals. The upper inner incisors present large basis and separated narrower tips, bilobed or not; lingual cusps of lower molars are strongly serrated.

Distribution. In Brazil, the species is recorded in all biomes except the Amazon, in South, Southeastern, and part of the Northeastern and Center-West regions ( Velazco and Patterson 2013, 2019). In São Paulo state, the species is widely distributed, occurring in all the vegetational formations ( Garbino 2016).

Field observations. We captured 31 individuals, of which 27 (14 males and 13 females) were taken in mist-nets set at ground-level in sampling sites, M2, M13, M17, M20, M22, M23, M26, M29, M31, M32, M34, M35, M37 and M39, and four males in mist-nets elevated 8 m, in sampling sites M1, M31 and M32 (Appendix 1). Captures occurred in all months except November and December. We captured lactating females in March, May and June; pregnant females in February, September and October; and juveniles in January, April, May, June and August.